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{{Short description|Maharaja of Nabha from 1911–1928}}
{{morefootnotes|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Ripudaman Singh
| succession = [[Nabha State|Maharaja of Nabha]]
| image = Ripudhaman Singh.jpg
| caption =
| title = [[Nabha State|Maharaja of Nabha]]
| reign = 1911 - 1928
| coronation =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| spouse = Jagdish Kaur<br>Sarojini Devi<br>Gurcharan Kaur
| issue = [[Pratap Singh Nabha]]
| full name =
| house =
| royal anthem =
| father = [[Hira Singh Nabha]]
| mother = Jasmir Kaur
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1883|3|4}}
| birth_place = [[Nabha]], [[Nabha State]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1942|12|12|1883|3|4|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Kodaikanal]], [[Madras Presidency]] [[British India]]
| buried =
| signature =
| religion =
}}

[[Maharaja]] '''Ripudaman Singh''' (4 March 1883 – 12 December 1942), later known as Sardar Gurcharan Singh, was the Maharaja of [[Nabha State]], a small [[princely state]] during the [[British Raj]], from 1911 to 1928, when he was deposed by the British.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Surjit |date=11 January 2022 |title=Century on, SGPC republishes book on maharaja of Nabha |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/century-on-sgpc-republishes-book-on-maharaja-of-nabha-101641905435151.html |access-date=7 June 2025 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> He later became an Indian revolutionary.

==Early life==

Ripu Daman Singh was born on 4 March 1883 at Nabha, the only son and heir of [[Hira Singh Nabha]]. From 1906 to 1908, he was a member of the [[Imperial Legislative Council of India]], where he spoke on behalf of the Sikh interest and pioneered reformist legislation. He represented Nabha in 1911 at the [[coronation of King George V]].

==Maharaja==
[[File:Photograph of the coronation of Maharaja Ripudaman Singh of Nabha State, February 1912.jpg|thumb|Photograph of the coronation of Maharaja Ripudaman Singh of Nabha State, February 1912]]
Upon his father's death in 1911, Ripudaman Singh ascended the [[throne|''gadi'']] of Nabha; though recognised as Maharaja, he refused to be crowned by the [[Viceroy of India]] as was then the norm for a senior ruling prince in India.<ref name="legacy"/> Continuing his interest in legal affairs, he reformed the state judiciary and enacted numerous pieces of progressive legislation, including laws providing for female education and a progressive marriage act.<ref name="legacy">{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/legacy-lives-on-tales-from-the-life-of-the-nabha-maharaja-who-took-the-british-head-on/story-MyQLOzfqY3s3GVvNRz9UBM.html |first=Manraj Grewal |last=Sharma |title=Legacy lives on: Tales from the life of the Nabha maharaja who took the British head on |date=3 April 2018 |newspaper=Hindustan Times |accessdate=5 April 2018}}</ref> He also established a legislature and an executive council to govern Nabha.

A staunch Indian nationalist, Ripudaman Singh befriended [[Lala Lajpat Rai]] and other prominent leaders of the ''swaraj'' movement. During the First World War, he refused to contribute Nabha state force contingents for the British Indian Army. As a result, he was arguably the only Indian ruler who did not receive any British war service-related honours.<ref name="legacy"/> Shocked by the events of the [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre|Amritsar Massacre]] of [[Jallianwala Bagh|Jalianwala Bagh]] in 1919, he publicly opposed the British, clashing with his distant cousin [[Bhupinder Singh of Patiala]], who was a strong supporter of British rule in India.

Ripudaman Singh was granted a local salute of 15-guns in 1921, but he would not stay in British favour for much longer. In 1923, he was forced to relinquish control of Nabha to a British administrator after he was suspected of kidnapping and attempted murder through poisoning.

==Deposition==
[[File:Photograph of Ripudaman Singh of Nabha State, later known as Gurcharan Singh, after his abdication, 1929.jpg|thumb|Photograph of Ripudaman Singh of Nabha State, later known as Gurcharan Singh, after his abdication, 1929]]
In 1923, Ripudaman Singh agreed to leave Nabha and to settle at [[Dehradun]].<ref name=":0" /> For this he was granted by the British a large allowance. However, he continued to intrigue and attempt to regain control of Nabha to some degree. In 1927, he went on pilgrimage to Sri Abichal Nagar Hazur Sahib and retook the Khalsa initiation rites, taking the name of Gurcharan Singh. The next year, he was formally deposed by the British for sedition and succeeded by his eldest son, [[Pratap Singh Nabha]] in 1928.<ref name=":0" /> He was stripped of his rank and titles and exiled to [[Kodaikanal]] in the [[Madras Presidency]].<ref name=":0" /> Thereafter, he was known officially as Gurcharan Singh.

==Death==

Ripudaman Singh died at Kodaikanal ([[Tamil Nadu|TamilNadu]]) on 12 December 1942, aged 59.<ref name=":0" />

==Family==

Ripudaman Singh married three times, twice to ladies of royal blood and once morganatically:
*1. Jagdish Kaur (1884-20 February 1925). Married at Nabha in 1901. They had a daughter:
** Amar Kaur (8 October 1907-)
*2. Sarojni Devi (1898-19?). Married at Nabha 10 October 1918 and had issue:
**1. Kharak Singh, who succeeded as Maharaja of Nabha
**2. Kharak Singh (d. 1970 in Canada)
**3. Gurbaksh Singh (d November 1963) Married in 1950 Princess Chandra Prabha Kumari of [[Rajpipla State|Rajpipla]] (11 November 1932 – 22 October 2012, daughter of [[Vijayasinhji Chhatrasinhji|Vijaysinhji I of Rajpipla]]). They had one son and two daughters:
*** Viveck Singh
*** Krishna Kumari (1951–1994)
*** Tuhina Kumari
**4. Kamla Devi Sahiba
**5. Vimla Devi Sahiba
*a. Gurcharan Kaur (1904–1983). Married Gurcharan Kaur in 1923 and had issue:
**1. Narinder Singh (1924-). A son and a daughter.
**2. Fateh Singh (1935-). Two sons.
**3. Jasmer Singh
**4. Shamsher Singh
**5. Vijay Kaur
**6. Charanjeet Kaur. Two sons.
**7. Nandhem Kaur

==Titles==

*1883-1911: [[Sri]] [[Heir apparent|Tikka]] [[Sahib]] Ripudaman Singh
*1911-1927: [[His Highness]] Farzand-i-Arjumand, Aqidat-Paiwand-i-Daulat-i-Angrezistan, Brar Bains Sarmour, Raja-i-Rajagan, [[Maharaja]] Shri Ripudaman Singh Malvinder Bahadur, [[Maharaja]] of [[Nabha]]
*1927-1928: His Highness Farzand-i-Arjumand, Aqidat-Paiwand-i-Daulat-i-Angrezistan, Brar Bains Sarmour, Raja-i-Rajagan, Maharaja Shri Gurcharan Singh Malvinder Bahadur, Maharaja of Nabha
*1928-1942: [[Sardar]] Gurcharan Singh

==Honours==

*[[Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society]] (FRGS)
*[[Delhi Durbar Medal]]-1903
*[[King George V Coronation Medal]] w/Delhi Durbar Clasp-1911

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==

* {{Cite book |last=Grewal |first=J. S. |title=A Political Biography of Maharaja Ripudaman Singh of Nabha: Paramountcy, Patriotism, and the Panth |last2=Banga |first2=Indu |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2018 |isbn=9780199481354}}
* {{Cite book |title=Truth About Nabha: The tale of Betrayal with Maharaja Ripudaman Singh by British Empire |date=January 2022 |publisher=Dharam Prachar Committee, Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee |edition=3rd}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Ripudaman}}
[[Category:Indian revolutionaries]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society]]
[[Category:1883 births]]
[[Category:1942 deaths]]
[[Category:Maharajas of Nabha]]
[[Category:Members of the Imperial Legislative Council of India]]
[[Category:Dethroned monarchs]]

Ripudaman Singh - Revision history

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