imported>Michael Aurel: /* Etymology */ "name" doesn't need to be linked

2025-06-25T05:35:42Z

Etymology: "name" doesn't need to be linked

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	== Etymology ==		== Etymology ==
	His name (a Thracian ~~[[anthroponym]])~~ probably derives from [[PIE]] ''*reg-'', 'to rule',<ref>{{cite book\|first=Ivan\|last=Duridanov \|author-link=:bg:Иван Дуриданов \| title=Die Sprache der Thraker \| series=Bulgarische Sammlung \| volume= 5 \| publisher=Hieronymus Verlag \| year=1985 \| page = 63 \| isbn=3-88893-031-6 \| language= de}}</ref><ref>Georgiev, Vladimir I.. "Thrakisch und Dakisch". Band 29/2. Teilband Sprache und Literatur (Sprachen und Schriften [Forts.]), edited by Wolfgang Haase, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1983. p. 1166. {{doi\|10.1515/9783110847031-016}}</ref> showing a [[satem]]-sound change.		His name is Thracian and probably derives from the [[PIE]] root ''*reg-'', 'to rule',<ref>{{cite book\|first=Ivan\|last=Duridanov \|author-link=:bg:Иван Дуриданов \| title=Die Sprache der Thraker \| series=Bulgarische Sammlung \| volume= 5 \| publisher=Hieronymus Verlag \| year=1985 \| page = 63 \| isbn=3-88893-031-6 \| language= de}}</ref><ref>Georgiev, Vladimir I.. "Thrakisch und Dakisch". Band 29/2. Teilband Sprache und Literatur (Sprachen und Schriften [Forts.]), edited by Wolfgang Haase, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1983. p. 1166. {{doi\|10.1515/9783110847031-016}}</ref> showing a [[satem]]-sound change.

	==Family==		==Family==

imported>Michael Aurel: Michael Aurel moved page Rhesus of Thrace to Rhesus (king of Thrace): Not called "Rhesus of Thrace", dab per Brill's New Pauly

2025-02-19T23:11:28Z

Michael Aurel moved page Rhesus of Thrace to Rhesus (king of Thrace): Not called "Rhesus of Thrace", dab per Brill's New Pauly

New page

{{Short description|Mythical King of Thrace}}
{{Infobox deity
| type = Greek
| name = Rhesus
| image = Diomedes doodt Rhesus Speculum Heroicum Homeri (serietitel), RP-P-OB-16.041.jpg
| deity_of = King of Thrace
| siblings = [[Olynthus (mythology)|Olynthus]], [[Brangas (mythology)|Brangas]], Sete
| parents = [[Strymon (mythology)|Strymon]] ([[Eioneus]]) and [[Euterpe]]/[[Calliope]]/[[Terpsichore]] or [[Heracles]] and [[Bolbe]]
| caption = 17th century engraving depicting Diomedes killing Rhesus while Odysseus steals his horses.
}}

'''Rhesus''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|iː|s|ə|s}}; [[Ancient Greek]]: Ῥῆσος ''Rhêsos'') is a mythical king of [[Thrace]] in ''[[Iliad|The Iliad]]'' who fought on the side of [[Troy|Trojans]]. Rhesus arrived late to the battle and while asleep in his camp, [[Diomedes]] and [[Odysseus]] stole his team of horses during a night raid on the Trojan camp.

== Etymology ==
His name (a Thracian [[anthroponym]]) probably derives from [[PIE]] ''*reg-'', 'to rule',<ref>{{cite book|first=Ivan|last=Duridanov |author-link=:bg:Иван Дуриданов | title=Die Sprache der Thraker | series=Bulgarische Sammlung | volume= 5 | publisher=Hieronymus Verlag | year=1985 | page = 63 | isbn=3-88893-031-6 | language= de}}</ref><ref>Georgiev, Vladimir I.. "Thrakisch und Dakisch". Band 29/2. Teilband Sprache und Literatur (Sprachen und Schriften [Forts.]), edited by Wolfgang Haase, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1983. p. 1166. {{doi|10.1515/9783110847031-016}}</ref> showing a [[satem]]-sound change.

==Family==
According to [[Homer]], his father was [[Eioneus]] who may be connected to the historic [[Eion]] in western Thrace, at the mouth of the [[Struma (river)|Strymon]], and the port of the later [[Amphipolis]]. Later writers provide Rhesus with a more exotic parentage, claiming that his mother was one of the [[Muse]]s''<ref>[[Euripides]], ''[[Rhesus (play)|Rhesus]]'' 347</ref>'' ([[Euterpe]],<ref>[[Maurus Servius Honoratus|Servius]], ''Commentary on [[Virgil|Virgil's]] [[Aeneid]]'' 1.469</ref> [[Calliope]]<ref>[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], 1.3.4</ref> or [[Terpsichore]]<ref>[[Eustathius of Thessalonica|Eustathius]] on [[Homer]], ''[[Iliad]]'' p. 817</ref>) and his father, the river god [[Strymon (mythology)|Strymon]]. [[Stephanus of Byzantium]] mentions the name of Rhesus' sister [[Sete (mythology)|Sete]], who had a son [[Bithys]] with [[Ares]].<ref>[[Stephanus of Byzantium]], s.v. ''Bithyai''</ref> In one account, Rhesus' brothers are called [[Olynthus (mythology)|Olynthus]] and [[Brangas (mythology)|Brangas]].<ref>[[Conon (mythographer)|Conon]], [https://topostext.org/work/489#4 4]</ref>

== Mythology ==
[[Image:Rhesos MNA Naples.jpg|thumb|right|Odysseus and Diomedes stealing Rhesus' horses, [[red-figure pottery|red-figure]] situla by the Lycurgus Painter, c. 360 BC]]Rhesus was raised by fountain [[nymph]]s and died without engaging in battle.<ref>[http://www.maicar.com/GML/Rhesus2.html Rhesus] Rhesus is chiefly remembered because he came from Thrace to defend Troy with great pomp and circumstance, but died on the night of his arrival, without ever engaging in battle.</ref> Due to Thrace being attacked by [[Scythia]], Rhesus lead his army to Troy later than the other allied armies. [[Dolon (mythology)|Dolon]], who had gone out to spy on Agamemnon’s army for Hector, was caught by Diomedes and Odysseus and proceeded to tell the two about the new arrival of the Thracians. Dolon explained that Rhesus had the finest horses, as well as huge, golden armor that was suitable for gods rather than mortals. While the Thracians were sleeping, Diomedes and Odysseus infiltrated the camp in the dead of night, killing a number of Thracians and Rhesus in his tent while also stealing his famous steeds.<ref>[[Homer]], ''[[Iliad]]'' 10.430-503</ref>

The event portrayed in the ''Iliad'' also provides the action of the play ''[[Rhesus (play)|Rhesus]]'', transmitted among the plays of [[Euripides]]. The mother of Rhesus, one of the nine [[Muse]]s, then arrived and laid blame on all those responsible: Odysseus, Diomedes, and Athena. She also announced the imminent resurrection of Rhesus, who will become immortal but will be sent to stay in a cave. [[Scholium|Scholia]] to the ''Iliad'' episode and the ''Rhesus'' agree in giving Rhesus a more heroic stature, incompatible with Homer's version.<ref>See Bernard Fenik, ''Iliad x and the Rhesus: The Myth'' (Brussels: Latomus) 1964, who makes a case for pre-Homeric epic materials concerning Rhesus.</ref>

Rhesus is also named as one of the eight rivers that Poseidon raged from Mount Ida to the sea in order to knock down the wall that the Achaeans built.<ref>Homer, ''Iliad'' 12.19-21</ref>

There was also a river in [[Bithynia]] named Rhesus, with Greek myth providing an attendant river god of the same name. Rhesus the Thracian king was himself associated with Bithynia through his love with the Bithynian huntress [[Arganthone]], in the ''Erotika Pathemata'' ["Sufferings for Love"] by [[Parthenius of Nicaea]], chapter 36.

==Namesake==
* [[Rhesus Glacier]] on [[Anvers Island]] in [[Antarctica]] is named after Rhesus of Thrace,<ref>[http://data.aad.gov.au/aadc/gaz/scar/display_name.cfm?gaz_id=136889 Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica:] Rhesus Glacier.</ref> as is the Jovian asteroid [[9142 Rhesus]].

==Notes==

{{Reflist}}

== References ==
{{refbegin}}
* [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], ''The Library'' with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0022 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.] [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0021 Greek text available from the same website].
*[[Conon (mythographer)|Conon]]'', Fifty Narrations, surviving as one-paragraph summaries in the Bibliotheca (Library) of Photius, Patriarch of Constantinople'' translated from the Greek by Brady Kiesling. [https://topostext.org/work/489 Online version at the Topos Text Project.]
*[[Euripides]], ''The Rhesus of Euripides'' translated into English rhyming verse with explanatory notes by Gilbert Murray, LL.D., D.Litt, F.B.A., Regius Professor of Greek in the University of Oxford. Euripides. Gilbert Murray. New York. Oxford University Press. 1913. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0238 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.]
*[[Euripides]], ''Euripidis Fabulae.'' ''vol. 3''. Gilbert Murray. Oxford. Clarendon Press, Oxford. 1913. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0119 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library].
*[[Homer]], [[Iliad|''The Iliad'']] with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, Ph.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. {{ISBN|978-0674995796|}}. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0134 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.]
* Homer, ''Homeri Opera'' in five volumes. Oxford, Oxford University Press. 1920. {{ISBN|978-0198145318|}}. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0133 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library].
* [[Maurus Servius Honoratus]], ''In Vergilii carmina comentarii. Servii Grammatici qui feruntur in Vergilii carmina commentarii;'' recensuerunt Georgius Thilo et Hermannus Hagen. Georgius Thilo. Leipzig. B. G. Teubner. 1881. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0053 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library].
*[[Stephanus of Byzantium]], ''Stephani Byzantii Ethnicorum quae supersunt,'' edited by August Meineike (1790-1870), published 1849. A few entries from this important ancient handbook of place names have been translated by Brady Kiesling. [https://topostext.org/work/241 Online version at the Topos Text Project.]
{{refend}}

== Further reading ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite journal |title=РЕЗОС – ЛИТЕРАТУРЕН ОБРАЗ ИЛИ ЛИТЕРАТУРИЗИРАНА ПРЕДСТАВА ЗА КОННИКА ХЕРОЙ НА ТРАКИТЕ |trans-title=RHESUS – LITERARY IMAGE OR LITERATURE-LIKE NOTION ABOUT THE HORSEMAN HERO OF THE THRACIANS |first=Valeria |last=Fol |publisher=Институт за балканистика с Център по тракология - Българска академия на науките |journal=Thracia |date=2017 |volume=22 |pages=205-221 |lang=BG |url=https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=541851}}
* {{cite journal |title=Цар Резос и Орфей в планината Пангей |trans-title=King Rhesus and Orpheus in the Mountain Pangaion |first=Milen |last=Ivanov |journal=Thracia |date=2018 |issue=23 |pages=173-180 |lang=BG |url=https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=720230}}
* {{Cite journal |title=Immortal Mortal: Heroic Ideology in the Thracian Myth and Cult |first=Michaela |last=Jordanova |publisher=Институт за балканистика с Център по тракология - Българска академия на науките |journal=ORPHEUS. Journal of Indo-European and Thracian Studies |date=2014 |issue=21 |pages=65-74 |url=https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=417868}}
* {{cite journal |title=Rhesos of Thrace: The Transfer of Hero’s Bones. Its Political Implications and the Making of “History” in the Greek Polis |first=Tsvete |last=Lazova |publisher=Институт за балканистика с Център по тракология - Българска академия на науките |journal=Journal: ORPHEUS. Journal of Indo-European and Thracian Studies |date=2006 |issue=16 |pages=61-67 |url=https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=736518}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category inline|Rhesus (Thrace)}}

{{Characters in the Iliad}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Children of Greek river gods]]
[[Category:Mythological kings of Thrace]]
[[Category:Trojan Leaders]]
[[Category:Greek mythology of Thrace]]

Rhesus (king of Thrace) - Revision history

imported>Michael Aurel: /* Etymology */ "name" doesn't need to be linked

imported>Michael Aurel: Michael Aurel moved page Rhesus of Thrace to Rhesus (king of Thrace): Not called "Rhesus of Thrace", dab per Brill's New Pauly