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{{Short description|King of Aram-Damascus, also known as Rasin of Syria}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Rezin
| title = Rasin of Syria
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| succession = King of [[Aram-Damascus]]
| moretext = (King of [[Syria]])
| reign = 754–732 BC
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| predecessor = [[Ben-Hadad III]]
| pre-type = Predecessor
| successor = None
| suc-type = Successor
| regent = Tributary King of King [[Tiglath-Pileser III]] of [[Assyria]]
| reg-type = Co-regent
| birth_name =
| birth_date = Unknown
| birth_place = Presumably Damascus
| death_date = 732 BC 
| death_place = Damascus
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'''Rezin of [[Aram-Damascus|Aram]]''' ({{IPAc-en|r|ə|'|z|iː|n|,_|ˈ|r|iː|z|ɪ|n}},<ref>[https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/bofm/pronunciation?lang=eng churchofjesuschrist.org: "Book of Mormon Pronunciation Guide"] (retrieved 2012-02-25), [[Wikipedia:IPA for English|IPA]]-ified from «»</ref> {{Hebrew Name|רְצִין|2=Rəṣīn|3=Reṣīn}}; {{langx|akk|𒊏𒄭𒀀𒉡/𒊏𒆥𒀀𒉡|Ra-ḫi-a-nu/Ra-qi-a-nu}}; {{langx|arc|probably}} *''Raḍyan''; {{langx|la|Rasin|link=no}}) was an [[Aramaean kings|Aramean King]] ruling from [[Damascus]] during the 8th century BC.<ref name="Naʼaman2005">{{cite book|author=Nadav Naʼaman|title=Ancient Israel and Its Neighbors: Interaction and Counteraction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1RgRPAkLqLUC&pg=PA43|year=2005|publisher=Eisenbrauns|isbn=978-1-57506-108-5|page=43}}</ref> During his reign, he was a tributary of King [[Tiglath-Pileser III]] of [[Assyria]].<ref name=lester>[[Lester L. Grabbe]], ''Ancient Israel: What Do We Know and How Do We Know It?'' (New York: T&T Clark, 2007): p.134</ref>

==Biography==
Rezin conspired with a number of [[Levant]]ine kings (e.g., [[Hiram II]] of [[Tyre, Lebanon|Tyre]]) to rebel against Tiglath-Pileser III. Rezin's reign ended in 732 BC, when [[Tiglath-Pileser III]] sacked Damascus and annexed Aram:<ref name=lester/>

<blockquote>
In order to save his life, he (Raḫiānu) fled alone and entered the gate of his city [like] a mongoose. I [im]paled his foremost men alive while making (the people of) his land watch. For forty-five days I set up my camp [aro]und his city and confined him (there) like a bird in a cage. I cut down his plantations, [...] ..., (and) orchards, which were without number; I did not leave a single one (standing).
I surrounded (and) captured [the city ...]ḫādara, the ancestral home of Raḫiānu (Rezin) of the land Damascus, [the pl]ace where he was born.
I carried off 800 people, with their possessions, their oxen, (and) their sheep and goats. I carried off 750 captives from the cities Kuruṣṣâ (and) Samāya, (as well as) 550 captives from the city Metuna. Like tell(s) after the Deluge, I destroyed 591 cities of 16 districts of the land Damascus. (RINAP 1, Tiglath-Pileser III 20, l. 8’-17’)<ref name=tadmor>[[Hayim Tadmor]] and [[Shigeo Yamada]], ''The Royal Inscriptions of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 BC) and Shalmaneser V (726-722 BC), Kings of Assyria.'' (The Royal Inscriptions of the Neo-Assyrian Period 1; Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2011).</ref>
</blockquote>

Assyrian inscriptions indicate that Tiglath-pileser made a three-year campaign in the Levant from 734 to 732 BC. In the first year he attacked the Phoenicians and sacked the coastal cities of Tyre and Sidon. In the second year he devastated the land of Aram and the Arabs living in the Trans-Jordan under Queen Shamsi. Although he beat the Arameans in the field, he failed to take Damascus. In the third year he managed to take Damascus, where he slew King Rezin. He also destroyed and leveled the villages in Northern Israel. He boasted of slaying King Pekah, and he installed Hoshea on the throne. Only the fortified capital of Samaria remained, and the entire land was brought low. Archaeology confirms{{Citation needed|date=January 2017}} that many cities destroyed during this time period were never rebuilt.

According to the [[Bible]] ([[2 Kings 16]]), the sack of Damascus was instigated by King [[Ahaz]] of [[Kingdom of Judah|Judah]] and ended in Rezin's execution ({{bibleverse|2|Kings|16:7-9|NIV}}). The execution of Rezin is neither confirmed nor disconfirmed by independent evidence.<ref>Grabbe, ''Ancient Israel'', p.149</ref>

According to [[2 Kings]] Rezin allied with [[Pekah]], son of Remaliah, against [[Ahaz]]. The defeat of both kings is promised to Ahaz in the [[Immanuel]] prophecy [[Isaiah 7:14]], linked to the birth of a child who will be an infant, possibly Ahaz' royal heir [[Hezekiah]], when this takes place.<ref>Whittaker, H. A. ''Isaiah'' Biblia, Cannock</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Asia}}
{{Arameans}}
*[[List of biblical figures identified in extra-biblical sources]]
*[[List of Syrian monarchs]]
*[[Timeline of Syrian history]]
*[[Syro-Ephraimite War]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
{{s-start}}
{{succession box|title=[[Aram Damascus|King of Aram-Damascus]]|before=[[Hezion]]|after=None|years=754–732 BC}}
{{s-end}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:8th-century BC Aramean kings]]
[[Category:Kings of Aram-Damascus]]
[[Category:Monarchs in the Hebrew Bible]]

Rezin - Revision history

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