imported>Frap at 19:10, 13 October 2023

2023-10-13T19:10:01Z

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{{Infobox networking protocol
| title = Remote Audio Output Protocol
| logo =
| logo alt =
| image =
| image alt =
| caption =
| is stack = No
| abbreviation = RAOP
| purpose = [[Internet streaming]]
| developer = [[Apple Inc.]]
| 
| based on = [[Real Time Streaming Protocol|RTSP]] / [[Real-time Transport Protocol|RTP]]
| influenced =
| osilayer = [[Application layer]] (7)
| ports =
| rfcs =
| hardware = [[AirPort Express]], [[Apple TV]]
}}
{{IPstack}}
'''Remote Audio Output Protocol''' (RAOP) is an [[Internet streaming]] protocol based on [[Real Time Streaming Protocol|RTSP]] / [[Real-time Transport Protocol|RTP]] authored by [[Apple Inc.]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Unofficial AirPlay Protocol Specification |url=https://nto.github.io/AirPlay.html |website=nto.github.io |accessdate=20 October 2019}}</ref><ref name=xmms2/> It powers the [[AirPlay]] technology built into [[AirPort Express]] wireless ([[802.11|802.11b/g/n]]) access point as well as the [[Apple TV]].<ref name=xmms2>{{cite web |title=Technical note to describe the Remote Audio Access Protocol (RAOP) as used in Apple iTunes to stream music to the Airport Express |url=https://github.com/xmms2/wiki/wiki/Technical-note-to-describe-the-Remote-Audio-Access-Protocol-(RAOP)-as-used-in-Apple-iTunes-to-stream-music-to-the-Airport-Express-(ApEx). |website=XMMS2 organization wiki |publisher=xmms2 |accessdate=20 October 2019 |date=7 October 2019}}</ref>

The major difference from RTSP is an initial [[asymmetric key]] verification made by [[iTunes]] to verify it is communicating with an AirPort Express or an [[Apple TV]] (as opposed to a simulation), and vice versa. The data channel is also encrypted by [[Advanced Encryption Standard|AES]], with a random key protected by the asymmetric key mentioned above.{{cn|date=October 2019}}

The RSA public key stored in iTunes was extracted by [[Jon Lech Johansen]], enabling third-party software to stream music to an AirPort Express.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mailman.videolan.org/pipermail/vlc-devel/2008-December/054010.html |title=[vlc-devel] commit: Comment for myself ( Rémi Denis-Courmont ) |publisher=Mailman.videolan.org |date=2008-01-02 |accessdate=2012-02-10}}</ref>

The RSA private key stored in the [[AirPort Express]] was extracted by James Laird, enabling simulation of an Airport Express.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mailman.videolan.org/pipermail/vlc-devel/2011-April/079148.html |title=[vlc-devel] RAOP/Airtunes |publisher=Mailman.videolan.org |date= 8 April 2011|accessdate=2012-02-10}}</ref>

The Shairport-sync application which emulates Airport Express hardware is available.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://github.com/mikebrady/shairport-sync |title=shairport-sync |publisher=github.com |date= |accessdate=2016-09-16}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://xmms2.org/wiki/Technical_note_to_describe_the_Remote_Audio_Access_Protocol_(RAOP)_as_used_in_Apple_iTunes_to_stream_music_to_the_Airport_Express_(ApEx). Technical note to describe the Remote Audio Access Protocol (RAOP) as used in Apple iTunes to stream music to the Airport Express (ApEx)]
* [http://raop-play.sourceforge.net/ RAOP-play] an open source implementation of the protocol

[[Category:Data transmission]]
[[Category:Network protocols]]

Remote Audio Output Protocol - Revision history

imported>Frap at 19:10, 13 October 2023