imported>DonBeroni: /* War of 1812 */ removed suspect copyvio from user ‎ Ajack87

2025-12-12T14:41:17Z

War of 1812: removed suspect copyvio from user ‎ Ajack87

← Previous revision		Revision as of 14:41, 12 December 2025
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	In 1790 the [[Public Universal Friend]] and the Philadelphia [[Society of Friends]] were the first settlers in the formerly Seneca region. Despite the pillaging of the Native River-Settlement in Ah-Wa-Ga [[Owego, New York]], by generals Clinton and Sullivan during the Revolutionary War, the Society made peace with the wary [[Seneca people\|Seneca]] tribe. The Seneca Tribe made peace with settlers in the Finger Lakes region, but they suffered hardship in the [[Genesee County, New York\|Genesee Region]] and other parts of Western New York.<ref>Wisbey, Herbert A., Jr. (2009). ''Pioneer Prophetess: Jemima Wilkinson the Publick Universal Friend''. Cornell Press.</ref>		In 1790 the [[Public Universal Friend]] and the Philadelphia [[Society of Friends]] were the first settlers in the formerly Seneca region. Despite the pillaging of the Native River-Settlement in Ah-Wa-Ga [[Owego, New York]], by generals Clinton and Sullivan during the Revolutionary War, the Society made peace with the wary [[Seneca people\|Seneca]] tribe. The Seneca Tribe made peace with settlers in the Finger Lakes region, but they suffered hardship in the [[Genesee County, New York\|Genesee Region]] and other parts of Western New York.<ref>Wisbey, Herbert A., Jr. (2009). ''Pioneer Prophetess: Jemima Wilkinson the Publick Universal Friend''. Cornell Press.</ref>

	In 1797, by the Treaty of Big Tree, [[Robert Morris (merchant)\|Robert Morris]] paid $100,000 to the Seneca for rights to some of their lands west of the Genesee River. (This area developed as present-day [[Geneseo (village), New York\|Geneseo]] in [[Livingston County, New York\|Livingston County]]). Red Jacket had tried to prevent the sale but, unable to persuade the other chiefs, he gave up his opposition. As often occurred, Morris used gifts of [[liquor]] to the Seneca men{{citation needed\|date=June 2021}} and trinkets to the women to "grease" the sale.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Goldman \|first1=Mark \|title=High hopes : the rise and decline of Buffalo, New York \|date=1983 \|publisher=[[State University of New York Press]] \|location=Albany \|isbn=9780873957342 \|page=28}}</ref> Morris had previously purchased the land from Massachusetts, subject to the Indian title, then sold it to the [[Holland Land Company]] for speculative development. He retained only [[the Morris Reserve]], an estate near the present-day city of [[Rochester, Monroe County, New York\|Rochester]]. During the negotiations, Brant was reported to have told an insulting story about Red Jacket. [[Cornplanter]] intervened and prevented the Seneca leader from attacking and killing Brant.<ref>[http://mountainlaurelreview.com/sections/cornplanter/cornplanter_current.html ''The Cornplanter Chronicles,'' Vol. 4, part 7], ''Mountain Laurel Review''</ref>		In 1797, by the Treaty of Big Tree, [[Robert Morris (merchant)\|Robert Morris]] paid $100,000 to the Seneca for rights to some of their lands west of the Genesee River. (This area developed as present-day [[Geneseo (village), New York\|Geneseo]] in [[Livingston County, New York\|Livingston County]]). Red Jacket had tried to prevent the sale but, unable to persuade the other chiefs, he gave up his opposition. As often occurred, Morris used gifts of [[liquor]] to the Seneca men{{citation needed\|date=June 2021}} and trinkets to the women to "grease" the sale.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Goldman \|first1=Mark \|title=High hopes : the rise and decline of Buffalo, New York \|date=1983 \|publisher=[[State University of New York Press]] \|location=Albany \|isbn=9780873957342 \|page=28}}</ref> Morris had previously purchased the land from Massachusetts, subject to the Indian title, then sold it to the [[Holland Land Company]] for speculative development. He retained only [[the Morris Reserve]], an estate near the present-day city of [[Rochester, Monroe County, New York\|Rochester]]. During the negotiations, Brant was reported to have told an insulting story about Red Jacket. [[Cornplanter]] intervened and prevented the Seneca leader from attacking and killing Brant.<ref>[http://mountainlaurelreview.com/sections/cornplanter/cornplanter_current.html ''The Cornplanter Chronicles,'' Vol. 4, part 7] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514044812/http://mountainlaurelreview.com/sections/cornplanter/cornplanter_current.html \|date=May 14, 2014 }}, ''Mountain Laurel Review''</ref>

	[[File:Red Jacket monument.jpg\|thumb\|Monument at [[Forest Lawn Cemetery (Buffalo, New York)\|Forest Lawn Cemetery]]; sculpted by [[James G. C. Hamilton]].]]		[[File:Red Jacket monument.jpg\|thumb\|Monument at [[Forest Lawn Cemetery (Buffalo, New York)\|Forest Lawn Cemetery]]; sculpted by [[James G. C. Hamilton]].]]

	==War of 1812==		==War of 1812==

	Red Jacket took his name, one of several he used as an adult, from a highly favored embroidered coat given to him by the British for his wartime services.<ref>{{cite web \|title=The World's Famous Orations. America: Vol I. (1761–1837)\|editor=William Jennings Bryant\|year =1906 \|url=http://www.bartleby.com/268/8/3.html#txt1 \|access-date = 2009-09-19}}</ref> The Seneca allied with the British Crown during the American Revolution, both because of their long trading relationships and in the hope that the British could limit American encroachment on their territory. After the British were defeated, the Seneca were forced to cede much of their territory to the United States. Many of their people resettled in Canada at what is now the [[Six Nations Reserve]] in Ontario. In the [[War of 1812]], Red Jacket supported the American side.<ref name=appletons>{{Appletons'\|wstitle=Red-Jacket\|year=1900\|inline=1}}</ref> At a council of the New York indigenous nations called on July 6, 1812 by the Indian agent Erastus Granger, Red Jacket acted as a spokesman of the Senecas.<ref>Parker 1952, Pg. 153.</ref> When asked by Granger if the Senecas were to join the war on the British side, Red Jacket replied that his people cared more for peace than for war, and that he did not wish their Canadian brothers’ blood be spilled when there was so little occasion for it.<ref>Parker 1952, Pg. 154.</ref>		Red Jacket took his name, one of several he used as an adult, from a highly favored embroidered coat given to him by the British for his wartime services.<ref>{{cite web \|title=The World's Famous Orations. America: Vol I. (1761–1837)\|editor=William Jennings Bryant\|year =1906 \|url=http://www.bartleby.com/268/8/3.html#txt1 \|access-date = 2009-09-19}}</ref> The Seneca allied with the British Crown during the American Revolution, both because of their long trading relationships and in the hope that the British could limit American encroachment on their territory. After the British were defeated, the Seneca were forced to cede much of their territory to the United States. Many of their people resettled in Canada at what is now the [[Six Nations Reserve]] in Ontario. In the [[War of 1812]], Red Jacket supported the American side.<ref name=appletons>{{Appletons'\|wstitle=Red-Jacket\|year=1900\|inline=1}}</ref> At a council of the New York indigenous nations called on July 6, 1812 by the Indian agent Erastus Granger, Red Jacket acted as a spokesman of the Senecas.<ref>Parker 1952, Pg. 153.</ref> When asked by Granger if the Senecas were to join the war on the British side, Red Jacket replied that his people cared more for peace than for war, and that he did not wish their Canadian brothers’ blood be spilled when there was so little occasion for it.<ref>Parker 1952, Pg. 154.</ref>
	~~===Ambush at South of Chippawa===~~
	Peter B. Porter was able to successfully negotiate an alliance with Red Jacket to assist the American armed forces in the [[Battle of Chippawa]]. Red Jacket conceived of a plan to maneuver his force of 300 Seneca warriors close enough to ambush the enemy force which consisted of British regulars, Canadian militia, and Mohawks. Peter B. Porter accompanied Red Jacket's force with a force of his own numbering 250-300 men. Porter's 250-300 man force consisted mostly of American militia and some U.S. regulars. Porter and Red Jacket headed with their combined force of 600 Senecas, militia, and regulars to ambush the British-allied force. Porter's 600 man force moved stealthily into the woods, creeping off to the south. The Americans entered the natural cover of the massive forest to stay out of sight of the enemy. The Americans came close undetected to the enemy's position. The Americans formed a formation of 3 arcs. Red Jacket's Senecas were in the 2 front arcs while Porter's men were in the third arc in the rear. Red Jacket's Senecas all wore white-hankie hats so that Porter's men could tell the difference between a British mohawk indian and a pro-American Seneca indian in the heat of battle. Once the Americans were in position enveloping the unsuspecting enemy. Each American aimed and leveled his gun at an enemy. The Americans sprang their ambush and opened heavy fire. The British-allied force was taken completely by surprise and many of them dropped dead. The Americans then charged in and engaged the enemy in close hand-to-hand combat. The Americans brutally killed many British, Canadian, and Mohawk as they were still so shocked and confused from the American ambush. The British and their allies retreated into the wilderness. Peter and his force pursued the enemy. However, the Americans ran into a fresh reserve of British regulars waiting in linear formation who fired a volley. Porter and his force retreated to safety as the British pursued them a short distance. After the battle of Chippawa ended between the main British army and the main American army, all British forces including the British main army withdrew temporarily. Porter and his men came back to their ambush site to police the scene to assess casualties of their force and of the enemy. There were at least 90 dead bodies of British, Canadian, and Mohawks. There were only a dozen dead Americans on the field. The Senecas scalped all of the dead British, Canadian, and Mohawks. After that, Porter, Red Jacket, and their forces withdrew from the field.<ref>{{cite web \|url= https://buffaloah.com/h/war1812/mw/mw5/mw5.html \|title= Dispatches from the War of 1812 "Guerrillas in a Thrilla: The Battle of Chippawa, Part 2" \|date=June 26, 2022 \|website= History Of Buffalo \|access-date=June 26, 2022}}</ref>

	==Later life==		==Later life==
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	* [[Cazenovia Park-South Park System\|Red Jacket Parkway]] in [[South Buffalo, Buffalo\|South Buffalo]]		* [[Cazenovia Park-South Park System\|Red Jacket Parkway]] in [[South Buffalo, Buffalo\|South Buffalo]]
	* The community of [[Red Jacket, West Virginia\|Red Jacket]] in southern [[West Virginia]], although the leader was not known to have had any connection to that region.<ref>{{cite book\| author=Kenny, Hamill \|title= West Virginia Place Names: Their Origin and Meaning, Including the Nomenclature of the Streams and Mountains \|year=1945 \|publisher=The Place Name Press \|location=Piedmont, West Virginia \|pages= 524}}</ref>		* The community of [[Red Jacket, West Virginia\|Red Jacket]] in southern [[West Virginia]], although the leader was not known to have had any connection to that region.<ref>{{cite book\| author=Kenny, Hamill \|title= West Virginia Place Names: Their Origin and Meaning, Including the Nomenclature of the Streams and Mountains \|year=1945 \|publisher=The Place Name Press \|location=Piedmont, West Virginia \|pages= 524}}</ref>
	* There is a hand-carved portrait of Red Jacket alongside a brief quotation from his Senate speech on the Empire State Carousel at the ~~Farmers' Museum~~ in [[Cooperstown, New York]].		* There is a hand-carved portrait of Red Jacket alongside a brief quotation from his Senate speech on the Empire State Carousel at the Fenimore Farm and Country Village in [[Cooperstown, New York]].
	* A [[Red Jacket Mural\|Red Jacket mural]] painted by Caine Mahoney (aka Kean Mahaney, Kean Mahony) in the late 1800s. It was above the fireplace in the former Hulett residence in [[Niagara Falls, New York\|Niagara Falls]] NY.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Higgins \|first=Joe \|title=Progress Threatens Red Jacket \|work=Niagara Falls Gazette \|publication-date=15 August 1958}}</ref>		* A [[Red Jacket Mural\|Red Jacket mural]] painted by Caine Mahoney (aka Kean Mahaney, Kean Mahony) in the late 1800s. It was above the fireplace in the former Hulett residence in [[Niagara Falls, New York\|Niagara Falls]] NY.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Higgins \|first=Joe \|title=Progress Threatens Red Jacket \|work=Niagara Falls Gazette \|publication-date=15 August 1958}}</ref>

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	[[Category:American animists]]		[[Category:American animists]]
	[[Category:Burials at Forest Lawn Cemetery (Buffalo)]]		[[Category:Burials at Forest Lawn Cemetery (Buffalo)]]
	[[Category:~~Native American leaders~~]]		[[Category:Chiefs of the Seneca]]
	[[Category:Native American people from New York (state)]]		[[Category:Native American people from New York (state)]]
	[[Category:Native American people in the American Revolution]]		[[Category:Native American people in the American Revolution]]
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	[[Category:People from Geneva, New York]]		[[Category:People from Geneva, New York]]
	[[Category:Religious apologists]]		[[Category:Religious apologists]]
	~~[[Category:Seneca people]]~~
	[[Category:University at Buffalo]]		[[Category:University at Buffalo]]
	[[Category:Wolf Clan of the Iroquois]]		[[Category:Wolf Clan of the Iroquois]]

69.158.125.176 at 13:47, 19 June 2025

2025-06-19T13:47:31Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 13:47, 19 June 2025
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	[[Category:1750s births]]		[[Category:1750s births]]
	[[Category:1830 deaths]]		[[Category:1830 deaths]]
			[[Category:American animists]]
			[[Category:Burials at Forest Lawn Cemetery (Buffalo)]]
	[[Category:Native American leaders]]		[[Category:Native American leaders]]
			[[Category:Native American people from New York (state)]]
	[[Category:Native American people in the American Revolution]]		[[Category:Native American people in the American Revolution]]
	~~[[Category:American animists]]~~
	~~[[Category:Seneca people]]~~
	[[Category:People from Buffalo, New York]]		[[Category:People from Buffalo, New York]]
	~~[[Category:University at Buffalo]]~~
	~~[[Category:Burials at Forest Lawn Cemetery (Buffalo)]]~~
	[[Category:People from Geneva, New York]]		[[Category:People from Geneva, New York]]
	[[Category:Religious apologists]]		[[Category:Religious apologists]]
			[[Category:Seneca people]]
			[[Category:University at Buffalo]]
	[[Category:Wolf Clan of the Iroquois]]		[[Category:Wolf Clan of the Iroquois]]

imported>Tormando at 15:30, 10 May 2025

2025-05-10T15:30:03Z

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Red Jacket - Revision history

imported>DonBeroni: /* War of 1812 */ removed suspect copyvio from user ‎ Ajack87

69.158.125.176 at 13:47, 19 June 2025

imported>Tormando at 15:30, 10 May 2025