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{{Infobox royalty
|name = Ratsadathirat<br>รัษฎาธิราช
|image = Portrait of King Ratsadathirat.jpg
|title = King of Ayutthaya
|succession =[[King of Siam]]
| reign = Five months from 895 [[Lesser Era|LE]] (1533/34 [[Common Era|CE]]) to 896 [[Lesser Era|LE]] (1534/35 [[Common Era|CE]])
| predecessor = [[Borommarachathirat IV]]
| successor = [[Chairachathirat]]
|royal house = [[List of monarchs of Thailand#2nd Suphannaphum dynasty (1409–1569)|Suphannaphum Dynasty]]
| father = [[Borommarachathirat IV]]
| birth_date = 890 [[Lesser Era|LE]] (1528/29 [[Common Era|CE]])
| death_date = 896 [[Lesser Era|LE]] (1534/35 [[Common Era|CE]])
}}

'''Ratsadathirat''' ({{Langx|th|รัษฎาธิราช}}, {{IAST|Raṣṭādhirāj}}) was the [[List of monarchs of Thailand|twelfth]] [[Monarchy of Thailand|king]] of [[Ayutthaya Kingdom|Ayutthaya]], an ancient kingdom in [[Thailand]]. He was a son of [[Borommarachathirat IV]] and succeeded his father to the throne of Ayutthaya at the age of five in 895 [[Lesser Era|LE]] (2076 [[Buddhist Era|BE]], 1533/34 [[Common Era|CE]]).<ref name=":1" /> The following year, after having been on the throne for five months, he was put to death by his relative,<ref>[[#cc-1|Chula Chakrabongse, 1960]]: 37.</ref> [[Chairachathirat]], who then assumed the kingship.<ref name=":1" />

== Names ==

According to the [[Royal Chronicle of Siam: Royal Autograph Version|''Royal Autograph Chronicle'']] and its variant versions, his name is ''Ratthathirat'' (รัฏฐาธิราช; {{IPA|th|rät̚˥.tʰäː˩˥.tʰi˥.räːt̚˥˩}}; literally "overlord of the realm") or ''Ratthathiratchakuman'' (รัฏฐาธิราชกุมาร; {{IPA|th|rät̚˥.tʰäː˩˥.tʰi˥.räːt̚˥˩.t͡ɕʰä˥.ku˩.mä̃ːn˧}}; literally "child overlord of the realm").<ref name=":0" />

But he is better known by the name ''Ratsadathirat'' (รัษฎาธิราช; {{IPA|th|rät̚˥.sä˩.däː˧.tʰi˥.räːt̚˥˩}}),<ref name=":0">[[#ga-1|''Prachum Phongsawadan...'', 1999]]: 220.</ref> which is a [[Sanskrit]] variant of the [[Pali]] name ''Ratthathirat''.

In the [[Chronicle of Ayutthaya: Van Vliet Version|''Van Vliet Chronicle'']], written in 1640 [[Common Era|CE]] by Dutch Merchant [[Jeremias Van Vliet]], his name is written as ''Woo-Rhae Rassa Thae Thieraya''.<ref name=":2">[[#vv-1|Van Vliet, 2003]]: 56.</ref>

== Life ==

=== Birth ===

All Thai and foreign chronicles say that Ratsadathirat was a son of [[Borommarachathirat IV]], the [[List of monarchs of Thailand|eleventh]] [[Monarchy of Thailand|king]] of the [[Ayutthaya Kingdom|Kingdom of Ayutthaya]], and that Ratsadathirat was five years of age when ascending the throne in 895 [[Lesser Era|LE]] (2076 [[Buddhist Era|BE]], 1533/34 [[Common Era|CE]]).<ref name=":1">[[#pf-1|Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Foundation, 2011]]: 89.</ref> Ratsadathirat was possibly born in 890 [[Lesser Era|LE]] (2071 [[Buddhist Era|BE]], 1528/29 [[Common Era|CE]]). Modern scholars have suggested that his mother was a daughter of a powerful noble who wanted to be related with the royal household through marriage, because the enthronement of Ratsadathirat appears to have been supported by a group of nobles, despite his minority.<ref name=":3">[[#kp-1|Khruea-thong, 2012]]: online.</ref>

=== Accession to the throne and death ===

In 895 [[Lesser Era|LE]] (2076 [[Buddhist Era|BE]], 1533/34 [[Common Era|CE]]), [[Borommarachathirat IV]] died of [[smallpox]] and his son, Ratsadathirat, succeeded him as king of Ayutthaya.<ref name=":1" /> In 896 [[Lesser Era|LE]] (2077 [[Buddhist Era|BE]], 1534/35 [[Common Era|CE]]), after Ratsadathirat had been on the throne for five months, [[Chairachathirat]] seized the throne and had Ratsadathirat executed.<ref name=":1" /> The execution was done [[Execution of Thai royalty|according to the palace law]], that is, by covering the young king with a red [[Bag|sack]] before striking his neck with a [[Sandalwood]] [[Club (weapon)|club]].<ref name=":3" />

=== Relationship with Chairachathirat ===

Thai and foreign chronicles state that Ratsadathirat and [[Chairachathirat]] were relatives. But none of these documents gives enough information that makes clear the relationship between the two.<ref name=":1" /> The [[Sangkhitiyawong|''Buddhist Councils Chronicle'']] says Chairachathirat was a nephew (son of an elder or younger sister) of [[Ramathibodi II]], who was the father of [[Borommarachathirat IV]].<ref name=":1" /> The [[Royal Chronicle of Siam: Royal Autograph Version|''Royal Autograph Chronicle'']] and its variant versions merely say Chairachathirat was a relative of Ramathibodi II, the father of Borommarachathirat IV.<ref>[[#ra-1|''Phra Ratchaphongsawadan...'', 1991]]: 258.</ref> The [[Chronicle of Ayutthaya: Van Vliet Version|''Van Vliet Chronicle'']] says Chairachathirat was a distant relative of Ratsadathirat and served as the regent during the latter's reign.<ref name=":2" />

Historian [[Damrongrachanuphap]] made a suggestion that Chairachathirat was the [[viceroy]] of Ayutthaya ([[ex officio]] ruler of [[Phitsanulok Province|Phitsanulok]]) during the reigns of Borommarachathirat IV and Ratsadathirat. That is why it took Chairachathirat five months to arrive in Ayutthaya and seize the throne.<ref>[[#ra-1|''Phra Ratchaphongsawadan...'', 1991]]: 258/259.</ref> Modern scholars have suggested that another reason why Chairachathirat had to wait for five months before launching the coup is his need to check the attitude of each political faction and to await "a good opportunity", because Ratsadathirat was still supported by a group of nobles led by a powerful noble who seemed to be Ratsadathirat's grandfather (father of Ratsadathirat's mother).<ref name=":3" />

Moreover, the enthronement of Ratsadathirat was against tradition, because the viceroy had always been the first in line to succeed to the throne. For that reason, modern scholars are of an opinion that Ratsadathirat's ascension to the throne enraged Chairachathirat and the coup therefore resulted in "unnecessary violence", that is, the execution of the deposed five-year-old king. The coup also made Ratsadathirat the second king from the [[Suphannaphum Dynasty|House of Suphannaphum]] to be executed.<ref name=":3" />

==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
| boxstyle_1 = background-color: #fcc;
| boxstyle_2 = background-color: #fb9;
| boxstyle_3 = background-color: #ffc;
| boxstyle_4 = background-color: #bfc;
| boxstyle_5 = background-color: #9fe;
| 1 = 1. '''King Ratsadathirat of Ayutthaya'''
| 2 = 2. [[Borommarachathirat IV|King Borommarachathirat IV of Ayutthaya]]
| 3 =
| 4 = 4. [[Ramathibodi II|King Ramathibodi II of Ayutthaya]]
| 5 =
| 6 =
| 7 =
| 8 = 8. [[Borommatrailokkanat|King Borommatrailokkanat of Ayutthaya]]
| 9 =
| 10 =
| 11 =
| 12 =
| 13 =
| 14 =
| 15 =
}}

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book|author = Chula Chakrabongse|author-link = Chula Chakrabongse|year = 1960|title=Lords of Life: A History of the Kings of Thailand|location = London|publisher = Alvin Redman|ref = cc-1 }}
* {{cite web|url = http://haab.catholic.or.th/article/articleart1/art24/art24.html|title = Krung si patiwat: nueng roi pi haeng khwam ngiap rai 'patiwat' nai ratchawong suphannaphum|date = 2012-01-22|accessdate = 2015-05-19|website = Archdiocese of Bangkok|publisher = Matichon|last = Khruea-thong|first = Pramin|script-title = th:กรุงศรีปฏิวัติ: ๑๐๐ ปีแห่งความเงียบ ไร้ 'ปฏิวัติ' ในราชวงศ์สุพรรณภูมิ|trans-title = Ayutthayan coups: a hundred years of silence - no 'coup' in Suphannaphum Dynasty|language = th|ref = kp-1|archive-date = 2015-05-19|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150519211457/http://haab.catholic.or.th/article/articleart1/art24/art24.html|url-status = dead}}
* {{cite book|title = Phra Ratchaphongsawadan Chabap Phra Ratchahatthalekha Lem Nueng|publisher = Fine Arts Department of Thailand|year = 1991|isbn = 9744171448|location = Bangkok|edition = 8th|language=th|script-title = th:พระราชพงศาวดาร ฉบับพระราชหัตถเลขา เล่ม 1|trans-title = Royal Chronicle of Siam: Royal Autograph Version, Volume 1|ref = ra-1}}
* {{cite book|title = Prachum Phongsawadan Chabap Kanchanaphisek Lem Nueng|publisher = Fine Arts Department of Thailand|year = 1999|isbn = 9744192151|location = Bangkok|ref = gj-1|script-title =th:ประชุมพงศาวดาร ฉบับกาญจนาภิเษก เล่ม 1|trans-title = Golden Jubilee Collection of Historical Archives, Volume 1}}
* {{cite book|title = Namanukrom Phra Mahakasat Thai|last = Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Foundation|publisher = Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Foundation|year = 2011|isbn = 9786167308258|location = Bangkok|script-title = th:นามานุกรมพระมหากษัตริย์ไทย|trans-title = Directory of Thai Kings|language=th|ref = pf-1}}
* {{cite book|title = Phongsawadan Krung Si Ayutthaya Chabap Wan Walit Phutthasakkarat Song Phan Nueng Roi Paet Sip Song|last = Van Vliet|first = Jeremias|publisher = Matichon|year = 2003|isbn = 9743229221|location = Bangkok|edition = 2nd|editor-last = Wyatt|editor-first = David K.|editor-link = David K. Wyatt|language=th|script-title = th:พงศาวดารกรุงศรีอยุธยา ฉบับวันวลิต พ.ศ. 2182|trans-title = 1640 Chronicle of Ayutthaya: Van Vliet Version|ref = vv-1}}
{{refend}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[Suphannaphum Dynasty|House of Suphannaphum]]||890 [[Lesser Era|LE]] (1528/29 [[Common Era|CE]])||896 [[Lesser Era|LE]] (1534/35 [[Common Era|CE]])|}}
{{s-reg}}
{{s-bef|rows=2|before=[[Borommarachathirat IV]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Ayutthaya Kingdom|King of Ayutthaya]]|years=Five months from <br> 895 [[Lesser Era|LE]] (1533/34 [[Common Era|CE]]) to 896 [[Lesser Era|LE]] (1534/35 [[Common Era|CE]])}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Chairachathirat]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Monarchs of Thailand}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Suphannaphum dynasty]]
[[Category:Kings of Ayutthaya]]
[[Category:15th-century monarchs in Asia]]
[[Category:Child monarchs from Asia]]
[[Category:Monarchs deposed as children]]
[[Category:Monarchs who died as children]]
[[Category:Executed Thai monarchs]]
[[Category:Princes of Ayutthaya]]
[[Category:Executed children]]
[[Category:16th-century Thai people]]
[[Category:Child murder in Thailand]]

Ratsadathirat - Revision history

imported>Nardog: /* Names */ IPA-xx deprecated