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Invasion of Malacca

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{{refimprove|date=November 2013}}

{{Infobox royalty
|name =Ramathibodi II<br>{{small|รามาธิบดีที่ ๒}}
|title = King of Ayutthaya
|image = Portrait of King Ramathibodi II.jpg
|caption =
|succession =[[King of Siam]]
|reign =1491 – July<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Ayutthaya - Historical Events - Timeline 1500-1549 |url=https://www.ayutthaya-history.com/Historical_Events15.html |website=www.ayutthaya-history.com}}</ref>/10 October 1529
|full name = Somdet Phra Ramathibodi II
|predecessor =[[Borommarachathirat III]]
|successor =[[Borommarachathirat IV]]
|heir =
|spouse =
|issue =King [[Borommarachathirat IV|Athittayawong]]<br>King [[Chairacha]]<br>King [[Maha Chakkraphat|Thianracha]]<ref name=Damrong>Rajanubhab, D., 2001, Our Wars With the Burmese, Bangkok: White Lotus Co. Ltd., {{ISBN|9747534584}}</ref>{{rp|71}}
|royal house =[[List of monarchs of Thailand#2nd Suphannaphum dynasty (1409–1569)|Suphannaphum Dynasty]]
|father =[[Trailokanat]]
|mother =
|styles =
|birth_date =1472/73<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Ayutthaya - Historical Events - Timeline 1500-1549 |url=https://www.ayutthaya-history.com/Historical_Events15.html |website=www.ayutthaya-history.com}}</ref>
|birth_place =
|death_date =July<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Ayutthaya - Historical Events - Timeline 1500-1549 |url=https://www.ayutthaya-history.com/Historical_Events15.html |website=www.ayutthaya-history.com}}</ref>/10 October 1529 (aged 57)<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Ayutthaya - Historical Events - Timeline 1500-1549 |url=https://www.ayutthaya-history.com/Historical_Events15.html |website=www.ayutthaya-history.com}}</ref>
|death_place =
}}

'''Chettathirat''' ({{langx|th|เชษฐาธิราช}}, {{IAST|Jeṣṭhādhirāja}}) or (upon accession to the Ayutthayan throne) '''Ramathibodi II''' ({{langx|th|รามาธิบดีที่ ๒}}; 1472/73<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Ayutthaya - Historical Events - Timeline 1500-1549 |url=https://www.ayutthaya-history.com/Historical_Events15.html |website=www.ayutthaya-history.com}}</ref> – July<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Ayutthaya - Historical Events - Timeline 1500-1549 |url=https://www.ayutthaya-history.com/Historical_Events15.html |website=www.ayutthaya-history.com}}</ref>/10 October 1529) was the King of Sukhothai from 1485 and King of Ayutthaya from 1491 to 1529.<ref>Le May (1962) p. 145.</ref><ref>Kaye (1994) p. 521.</ref> His reign was marked by the first Western Contact with the [[Portugal|Portuguese]].<ref name="Damrong"/>{{rp|242}}

==King of Sukhothai==
Prince Chettathirat was the youngest of [[Trailokanat]]'s three sons. His eldest brother, Prince [[Borommaracha III|Borommaracha]], was appointed the regent of Ayutthaya during his father's campaigns against [[Lan Na|Lanna kingdom]]. His other brother, Prince Indraracha, died during the wars with Lanna. In 1485, Prince Chettathirat was appointed the [[Front Palace#Ayutthaya period|Uparaja]], or [[Crown Prince]], and was crowned as the King of [[Sukhothai kingdom|Sukhothai]] (The title King of Sukhothai was the title of Ayutthayan Crown Prince.)

In 1488, Trailokanat died. Though Chettathirat was the Crown Prince, the Ayutthayan throne was inherited by his brother Prince Borommaracha, as [[Borommaracha III]]. In 1491, Borommaracha III died, leaving the throne to Chettathirat, thus reuniting the two kingdoms.

==King of Ayutthaya==
Chettathiraj took the reigning name in Ayutthaya as Ramathibodi II.

===Invasion of Malacca===
In 1500, Ramathibodi II sent the Siamese armies to [[Siamese invasion of Malacca (1500)|subjugate]] the [[Sultanate of Malacca]]. Though unable to conquer Malacca, Siam managed to exact tributes from the Malacca sultanate and other sultanates like [[Patani Kingdom|Pattani]], [[Pahang]], and [[Kelantan]].

In 1511, however, [[Capture of Malacca (1511)|Malacca fell to the Portuguese]] under [[Afonso de Albuquerque]]. Albuquerque's embassy, under the leadership of [[Duarte Fernandes]], arrived in Siam in 1518. These were the first Europeans in Siam. Rama Tibodi II signed a treaty with them giving the Portuguese "complete commercial freedom", the right to establish Christian missions and build churches.<ref name=prince>Chakrabongse, C., 1960, Lords of Life, London: Alvin Redman Limited</ref>{{rp|36}}

===War with Lanna===
In 1513, King Kaew of Lanna invaded Sukhothai. Ramathibodi II led the Siamese armies to crush the invading armies and proceeded further to Lanna heartlands. In 1515, he sacked [[Lampang]] (a Southeast Asian practice to sack but not to occupy). He then appointed his son, [[Borommarachathirat IV|Prince Athittayawong]] as King of Sukhothai.

===Establishment of Corvée system===
{{main|Corvée}}
In Southeast Asia, manpower was the source of other powers. In 1518, Ramathibodi II established the Siamese [[Corvée]] system, the very system that lasted until its [[Chulalongkorn#Abolition of Corv.C3.A9e and Slavery|abolition by Chulalongkorn]] in 1905. The Siamese commoners - called ''phrai'' ({{langx|th|ไพร่}}) - were subjected to lifelong labour service to the government. All Siamese men aged 18 would be registered to be conscripted - to be sent to war (Phrai Thaan) or public construction (Phrai luang). It was similar to modern form of conscription. However, the Siamese Corvée system existed in various forms. ''Krom Phra Suratsawadi'', a department of the royal [[bureaucracy]], oversaw [[conscription]].

== Death ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=November 2016}}

Ramathibodi II died in July<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Ayutthaya - Historical Events - Timeline 1500-1549 |url=https://www.ayutthaya-history.com/Historical_Events15.html |website=www.ayutthaya-history.com}}</ref>/10 October 1529, during which a great [[comet]] appeared as recorded in the Siamese Chronicles:{{clarify|date=November 2016|reason=Is the misspelling "891th" (should be "891st" or something else) also in the original text?}}
{{cquote|...In [[Chula Sakarat]] 891, being the Year of the Ox, an aerial sign, like an arrow of the [[Indra|God Indra]], was seen in the air from the southwest to the northwest, having the color of white. On Sunday, the 8th day of the waxing moon in the 12th month, Somdet Phra Ramathibodi Chao passed away.|cquote}}

His son, Prince Athittayawong, succeeded to the throne as [[Borommaracha IV]]. <ref>Phrarajaphongsawadan chabap Luang Prasoet [The Luang Prasoet Chronicle of Ayutthaya] (BE 2542 /AD 1999) In Prachumphongsawadan chabapkanchanaphisek lem nueng [Chronicle of Golden Jubilee Volume 1]. pp. 209-233. Bangkok : Division of Literature and History, Fine Arts Department, Ministry of Education. </ref>

==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
| boxstyle_1 = background-color: #fcc;
| boxstyle_2 = background-color: #fb9;
| boxstyle_3 = background-color: #ffc;
| boxstyle_4 = background-color: #bfc;
| boxstyle_5 = background-color: #9fe;
| 1 = 1. '''King Ramathibodi II of Ayutthaya'''
| 2 = 2. [[Borommatrailokkanat|King Borommatrailokkanat of Ayutthaya]]
| 3 =
| 4 = 4. [[Borommarachathirat II|King Borommarachathirat II of Ayutthaya]]
| 5 =
| 6 =
| 7 =
| 8 = 8. [[Intharacha (king of Ayutthaya)|King Intharacha of Ayutthaya]]
| 9 =
| 10 = 10. [[Maha Thammaracha II|King Maha Thammaracha II of Sukhothai]]
| 11 =
| 12 =
| 13 =
| 14 =
| 15 =
}}

==References==
;Notes
{{reflist}}
;Written sources
* {{cite book | title=Concise History of Buddhist Art in Siam | publisher=Tuttle Publishing | author=Le May, Reginald | year=1962 | isbn=0804801207}}
* {{cite book | title=Asia in the Making of Europe, Volume I: The Century of Discovery. | publisher=University of Chicago Press | author=Kaye, Elizabeth A. | year=1994 | isbn=0226467325}}
* {{cite book | title=Siam: or, The history of the Thais | publisher=University of Michigan | author=Smith, Robert B. | year=1966 | asin=B0017Z2OXS}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[List of monarchs of Thailand#2nd Suphannaphum dynasty (1409–1569)|House of Suphannaphum]]||1473||10 October 1529|}}
{{s-reg}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Borommarachathirat III]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Ayutthaya Kingdom|King of Ayutthaya]]|years=1491–1529}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Borommarachathirat IV]]}}
{{s-vac|last=[[Borommatrailokkanat|Ramesuan]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Front Palace|Viceroy of Ayutthaya]]|years=1485–1491}}
{{s-vac|next=[[Borommarachathirat IV|Athittayawong]]}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Borommatrailokkanat]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Sukhothai Kingdom|Ruler of Phitsanulok]]|years=1488–1491}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Borommarachathirat IV|Athittayawong]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Rulers of Sukhothai}}
{{Monarchs of Thailand}}
{{Front Palace and Rear Palace}}

{{Thai sort key not needed}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ramathibodi 2}}
[[Category:1470s births]]
[[Category:1529 deaths]]
[[Category:Suphannaphum dynasty]]
[[Category:Kings of Ayutthaya]]
[[Category:15th-century monarchs in Asia]]
[[Category:16th-century monarchs in Asia]]
[[Category:Princes of Ayutthaya]]
[[Category:16th-century Thai people]]
[[Category:15th-century Thai people]]

Ramathibodi II - Revision history

imported>Sisuvia: /* Invasion of Malacca */