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<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|Korean post-wedding custom}}<br />
{{Italic title}}{{Infobox Korean name<br />
|img=Korean wedding-Honrye-Pyebaek-02.jpg<br />
|caption=<br />
|hangul=폐백<br />
|hanja={{linktext|幣|帛}}<br />
|rr=pyebaek<br />
|mr=p'yepaek<br />
}}<br />
[[File:Pyebaek table.jpg|thumb|''Pyebaek'' table]]<br />
'''''Pyebaek''''' ({{Korean|hangul=폐백}}) is a [[Marriage in South Korea|Korean wedding]] custom that is traditionally held a few days after the official ceremony, with only family members present.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}} The ceremony begins with the older couple seated on cushions behind a table in front of a painted screen, with the newlyweds opposite them. The newlyweds perform a deep bow which begins standing and ends with the newlyweds pressing their foreheads to their hands while kneeling on the floor. The bride may present the groom's parents with [[Jujube|jujubes (Korean dates)]] and chestnuts, which symbolize children. A variation will have the newlyweds offering cups of wine, usually [[cheongju (beverage)|''cheongju'']]. The bride offers the cup to the father, and the groom offers the cup to the mother. Sometimes the parents will then also offer the newlyweds cups of ''cheongju'' or ''[[soju]]''. The older couple then shares some wisdom on marriage from their advanced experience. Finally they will throw the jujubes and chestnuts back at the bride, who has to try catching them with her wedding skirt.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}}<br />
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In the [[United States]], this ritual is held a few days before the ceremony. The bride may also receive gifts of money in white envelopes.{{Citation needed|date=March 2014}}<br />
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Modern Korean weddings have incorporated the ''Pyebaek'' ceremony after the reception. The original ''Pyebaek'' was exclusively for the groom's side of the family to be introduced to the new family member, the bride. In current day Korean weddings, they have also allowed for the Pyebaek ceremony to be with the brides side of the family also.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}}<br />
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Commercial services exist to assist those unfamiliar with how the ceremony is performed.<br />
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==Food==<br />
''Pye-baek'' includes food traditionally prepared by the bride's mother, chosen with consideration for the journey to the groom's home. Each item carries symbolic meaning. Common offerings include dried or sweetened dates and chestnuts, which are tossed into the bride's lap by the in-laws to symbolize fertility and the number of children the couple may have.<ref name="SoulOfSeoul">{{cite web |last=Weigl |first=Hallie |title=Paebaek: A Traditional Korean Wedding Ceremony |url=https://thesoulofseoul.net/paebaek-piggyback/ |website=The Soul of Seoul |date=July 28, 2022 |access-date=April 29, 2025}}</ref> <br />
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A ritual often follows in which the bride holds a date between her teeth while the groom bites the other end; the one who ends up with the pit is said to determine the gender of their first child based on their wish.<ref name="KCulture">{{cite web |title=Korean Wedding Traditions – Complete Guide |url=https://kculture.chbae.com/2025/02/korean-wedding-traditions-complete.html |website=K-Culture |date=February 2025 |access-date=April 29, 2025}}</ref> <br />
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Handmade meat jerky is commonly given to the groom's mother as an expression of love and respect. A platter of nine ''anju'' (안주)—small snacks or finger foods—is presented to the groom's father, particularly if he enjoys drinking. The number nine symbolizes completeness and serves as a wish for good fortune and prosperity.<ref name="KCulture" /> <br />
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Other traditional foods may include ''yakgwa'' (약과), sweet fried cookies symbolizing wealth; ''sujeonggwa'' (수정과), a cinnamon punch representing warmth and harmony; and ''sikhye'' (식혜), a sweet rice drink signifying sweetness in marriage.<ref name="SoulOfSeoul" /> In modern Korean wedding receptions, traditional fare is often served alongside international cuisine.<ref name="JSTOR">{{cite journal |last=Lee |first=Hyaeweol |title=The Cultural Construction of Korean Women in America: The Interplay among Ideology, Gender, and Class |journal=Asian Journal of Women's Studies |volume=3 |issue=2 |year=1997 |pages=7–36 |jstor=3773737 }}</ref><br />
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==Attire==<br />
Couples traditionally wear ''hwarot'' (활옷), ceremonial attire consisting of a ''jeogori'' (저고리), or wide-sleeved jacket, and a flowing skirt. Once reserved for queens during the Goryeo and Joseon Dynasties, the ''hwarot'' later became special occasion wear for commoners.<ref name="ProQuest">{{cite journal |last=Kang |first=Haeng-ja |title=Fashioning Women in Seoul: Gender and Class in the Chinese Dress |journal=Fashion Theory |volume=22 |issue=5 |year=2018 |pages=589–613 |doi=10.1080/1362704X.2018.1452349 |publisher=Routledge |doi-broken-date=9 May 2025 |via=ProQuest }}</ref> <br />
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The bride's hanbok often includes a green ''jeogori'' with an X-shaped design, a waistband, and a red ''chima'' (skirt) embroidered with symbols of longevity, fertility, and good fortune. Her hairstyle is typically traditional, decorated with pins and a ceremonial crown known as ''jokduri''. Some brides also apply red dots to their cheeks to signify youth and purity.<ref name="ProQuest" /> <br />
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The groom wears a blue hanbok with an overcoat called ''dopo'' and a black hat known as ''gat''. His ''pyebaek'' robe resembles garments worn by low-ranking officials in the Joseon Dynasty. Family members may wear hanbok in relationship-appropriate colors. In modern ceremonies, the mother-in-law may wear hanbok, while the father-in-law opts for a suit.<ref name="KCulture" /><br />
== Reverse acculturation ==<br />
YoungHee Kim and Sung-Yeon Park, professors at [[Bowling Green State University]], view the resurgence of this traditional wedding practice as an example of reverse [[acculturation]] and cultural [[Racial integration|integration]] in which individuals both adapt to a new culture while maintaining a connection to the native culture. By adding the ''Pyebaek'' ceremony to their wedding festivities, [[Korean Americans]], whether they are marrying another individual of [[Koreans|Korean]] heritage or not, have begun to introduce their heritage culture into the mainstream culture of the [[United States]].<ref name="PyeBaek Article">{{cite journal|last1=Kim|first1=Younghee|last2=Park|first2=Sung-Yeon|title=Reverse Acculturation: A New Cultural Phenomenon Examined Through an Emerging Wedding Practice of Korean Americans in the United States|journal=Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal|date=March 2009|volume=37|issue=3|pages=359–375|doi=10.1177/1077727X08330758}}</ref><br />
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== See also ==<br />
* [[Marriage in Korea]]<br />
* [[Culture of Korea]]<br />
* [[Hanbok]]<br />
* [[Korean-Americans]]<br />
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== References ==<br />
{{reflist}} <br />
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== External links ==<br />
{{Commons category inline|Pyebaek}}{{wedding}}<br />
[[Category:Wedding traditions]]<br />
[[Category:Korean traditions]]<br />
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