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{{Short description|College student honor society in psychology}}{{Independent sources|date=May 2025}}{{Infobox fraternity
| letters = {{lang|grc|ΨΧ}}
| name = Psi Chi
| coat of arms = This_is_the_crest_of_Psi_Chi_Society.png
| image_size = 160px
| founded = {{start date and age|1929}}
| type = Honor society
| status = Active
| emphasis = [[Psychology]]
| affiliation = ACHS
| scope = International
| mission =
| vision =
| motto =
| slogan =
| maxim =
| member badge =
| colors = {{color box|#E5E4E2}} [[Platinum]] and {{color box|#0F345A}} [[Shades of blue#Blue (CMYK) (pigment blue)|Dark Blue]]
| symbol = 
| flag =
| flower = 
| jewel =
| publication = {{unbulleted list|''Psi Chi Journal''|''[[Eye on Psi Chi]]''}}
| chapters = 1,100+
| colonies =
| members =
| lifetime = 900,000+
| address = 651 East 4th Street, Suite 600
| city = [[Chattanooga, Tennessee|Chattanooga]]
| state = [[Tennessee]]
| ZIP code = 37403
| country = United States
| homepage = {{URL|https://www.psichi.org|psichi.org}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Psi Chi''' ('''{{lang|grc|ΨΧ}}''') is a [[Student society|college student]] [[honor society]] in [[psychology]] with international outreach founded in 1929 at the [[University of Kansas]] in the United States.<ref name="Chattanooga, TN: Psi Chi">{{cite book |last1=Davis |first1=Stephen |last2=Wertheimer |first2=Michael |date=2000 |title=An Oral History of Psi Chi: The National Honor Society in Psychology |publisher=Chattanooga, TN: Psi Chi |isbn=0970645406}}</ref>

Psi Chi is one of the largest [[honor society|honor societies]] in the United States, with more than 1,100 chapters. Psi Chi has more than 900,000 members from chapters in the United States, Canada, and multiple other countries.<ref>{{cite web|title=Welcome|url=https://www.psichi.org/page/welcome|access-date=28 February 2025}}</ref> Notable members of the organization include [[B.F. Skinner]], [[Philip Zimbardo]], and [[Albert Bandura]].<ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=Distinguished Members |url=https://www.psichi.org/?Dist_Members |access-date=22 May 2015 |website=Psi Chi}}</ref>

Psi Chi is a member of the [[Association of College Honor Societies]] and is an affiliate of the [[American Psychological Association]] and the [[Association for Psychological Science]].<ref name="Chattanooga, TN: Psi Chi" />

==Founding==
Psi Chi was founded by Frederick Howell Lewis and Edwin B. Newman, psychology students at the [[University of Kansas]]. Lewis and Newman first thought of a national organization for psychology students while working on research late one night in 1927.<ref name="Chattanooga, TN: Psi Chi"/> Over the next two years, they wrote to psychology faculty and students at various universities and formed discussion groups with other students. Psi Chi's first official meeting was on September 4, 1929, at the Ninth International Congress of Psychology.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Howell |first=Frederick |date=Fall 2014 |title=Message From the First Historian of Psi Chi |url=https://www.psichi.org/page/191EyeFall14kLewis |journal=Eye on Psi Chi |publisher=Psi Chi |access-date=May 7, 2025}}</ref> Psi Chi's original name was Sigma Pi Sigma, but it was learned that the name was already in use by an [[Sigma Pi Sigma|honor society in physics]]. "Psi Chi" was chosen as the honor society's official name at its second annual meeting in 1930 because of the name's similarity to the word "psychology".

During his tenure as President from 2006 to 2007, John M. Davis advocated that Psi Chi become an international society. He proposed ten proposed amendments to Psi Chi's constitution that would transform the organization from a national to international society. The Psi Chi National Council approved all the amendments in August 2008, and a national vote by all of the Psi Chi chapters then ratified the amendments in April 2009.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Davis |first=John M. |date=2019-12-15 |title=How Psi Chi Became the International Honor Society in Psychology |journal=RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=237–244 |doi=10.22363/2313-1683-2019-16-2-237-244 |issn=2313-1705|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Takooshian |first=Harold |author-link=Harold Takooshian |date=2019-12-15 |title=Psi Chi at 90 Years: The International Honor Society in Psychology |url=http://journals.rudn.ru/psychology-pedagogics/article/view/21376 |journal=RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=224–236 |doi=10.22363/2313-1683-2019-16-2-224-236 |issn=2313-1705|doi-access=free }}</ref>

==Chapters==
{{Main|List of Psi Chi chapters}}

==Membership==
Membership is open to undergraduate, graduate, alumni, and faculty members who make the study of psychology one of their major interests and who meet the minimum qualifications according to Psi Chi's Become a Member webpage,<ref>{{cite web|title=Become a Member|url=http://www.psichi.org/?page=become_member|access-date=22 May 2015}}</ref> which is based on the Society's Constitution.<ref name="Psi Chi Constitution">{{cite web|title=Psi Chi Constitution|url=https://www.psichi.org/?page=manchap_constitution|access-date=22 May 2015}}</ref> Membership is attained through application and acceptance at the local chapter level. Psychology majors who attend two-year junior or community colleges may join [[Psi Beta]], Psi Chi's sister society.

A 2006 survey found that around 43% of Psi Chi alumni were enrolled in graduate programs, with most enrolled in a [[Master's degree|masters]] instead of a [[Doctorate|doctoral]] program. Around 57.7% of respondents also stated they were employed full-time since graduation; the most frequent occupations reported were education (24.6%), corporate settings (22.4%), non-profit settings (19.8%), and community/social service agencies (16.2%).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ferrari |first1=Joseph R. |last2=Appleby |first2=Drew C. |date=June 2006 |title=Psi chi alumni: a national survey of psychology honor society graduates |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA147389152&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=01463934&p=AONE&sw=w&userGroupName=anon%7Ea9d95c1e&aty=open-web-entry |journal=[[College Student Journal]] |publisher=Project Innovation Austin LLC |volume=40 |issue=2 |pages=457–466 |via=[[Gale Academic OneFile]]}}</ref>

==Awards and grants==
Psi Chi rewards its members annually with over $300,000 in various awards and grants programs.<ref name=":3">{{Cite encyclopedia |title=PSI CHI |encyclopedia=The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology |publisher=[[Wiley (publisher)|Wiley]] |last=Wang |first=Alvin |date=January 19, 2010 |editor-last=Weiner |editor-first=Irving B. |volume=3 |pages=1304 |isbn=9780470170274}}</ref> In addition to awards and grants, Psi Chi began its first scholarship program in the spring of 2015. Undergraduate and graduate scholarships are now available.<ref>{{cite web|title=Psi Chi Undergraduate Scholarships|url=https://www.psichi.org/page/PsiChischolars|access-date=31 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Psi Chi Graduate Scholarships|url=https://www.psichi.org/page/GradScholars|access-date=31 August 2018}}</ref>

== Publications ==

=== ''Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research'' ===
Psi Chi publishes a quarterly peer-reviewed journal named the ''Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research.'' The journal features original research conducted by undergraduates, graduate students, and faculty mentors. To increase dissemination across the psychological community, all articles are available free online. The journal is indexed in [[EBSCO Information Services|EBSCO]], and in [[PsycINFO]], a database service of the American Psychological Association with over 3 million records of peer-reviewed scholarly literature.<ref>{{cite web|title=Psi Chi Journal of Undergraduate Research|url=http://www.psichi.org/?page=journal_main#.VujqIvl5J-8|access-date=16 March 2016}}</ref>

=== ''Eye on Psi Chi'' ===
{{Full article|Eye on Psi Chi}}
Psi Chi publishes a quarterly magazine called ''[[Eye on Psi Chi]]'', which features career and graduate school advice, updates in popular areas of psychology, and special announcements to keep readers connected with the organization. Notable authors and distinguished interviews include [[Robert Sternberg]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sternberg |first=Robert J. |author-link=Robert J. Sternberg |date=2005 |title=Producing Tomorrow's Leaders—In Psychology and Everything Else |url=http://www.psichi.org/?page=101EYEFall05aSternbe |journal=[[Eye on Psi Chi]] |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=14–32 |doi=10.24839/1092-0803.Eye10.1.14|url-access=subscription }}</ref> [[Susan Fiske]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cannon |first=Bradley |date=2015 |title=Mapping Social Groups (and Stereotypes) With Susan T. Fiske, PhD |url=http://www.psichi.org/?194EyeSum15dFiske |journal=[[Eye on Psi Chi]] |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=20–22 |doi=10.24839/1092-0803.Eye19.4.20|url-access=subscription }}</ref> [[Anthony Greenwald]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Some Implicit Assembly Required With Anthony Greenwald, PhD|url=http://www.psichi.org/?182EyeWin14eGreenwal|access-date=7 April 2016}}</ref> [[Florence Denmark]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Denmark |first=Florence L. |author-link=Florence Denmark |date=2002 |title=Myths of Aging |url=http://www.psichi.org/?page=071EYEFall02aDenmark |journal=[[Eye on Psi Chi]] |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=14–21 |doi=10.24839/1092-0803.Eye7.1.14|url-access=subscription }}</ref> [[Peter Gray (psychologist)|Peter Gray]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gray |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Gray (psychologist) |title=Nature's Powerful Tutors; The Educative Functions of Free Play |url=http://www.psichi.org/Pubs/Articles/Article_645.aspx |url-status=dead |journal=[[Eye on Psi Chi]] |date=2007 |volume=12 |issue=1 |page=18 |doi=10.24839/1092-0803.Eye12.1.18 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120907210507/http://www.psichi.org/Pubs/Articles/Article_645.aspx#selection-281.0-281.62 |archive-date=September 7, 2012|url-access=subscription }}</ref> [[John C. Norcross]],<ref>{{cite journal |author=Norcross, John |author-link=John C. Norcross |year=2000 |title=Clinical versus counseling psychology: What's the diff? |url=http://www.psichi.org/pubs/articles/article_73.asp |url-status=dead |journal=[[Eye on Psi Chi]] |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=20–22 |doi=10.24839/1092-0803.Eye5.1.20 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20030415061149/http://www.psichi.org/pubs/articles/article_73.asp |archive-date=2003-04-15|url-access=subscription }}</ref> and [[Phillip Zimbardo]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Blau |first1=Kathy |last2=Franco |first2=Zeno |last3=Zimbardo |first3=Philip |author-link3=Philip Zimbardo |date=2009 |title=Fostering the Heroic Imagination: An Ancient Ideal and a Modern Vision |url=http://www.psichi.org/?page=133EYESpr09aBlau |journal=Eye on Psi Chi Magazine |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=18–21 |doi=10.24839/1092-0803.Eye13.3.18|url-access=subscription }}</ref> All ''Eye'' articles are available free online.<ref>{{cite web|title=Eye on Psi Chi|url=http://www.psichi.org/?page=eye_main|access-date=7 April 2016}}</ref>

==Activities==
Psi Chi members may attend national and regional conventions, held yearly.<ref>{{cite web|title=Psi Chi Regions|url=https://www.psichi.org/page/regions_main|access-date=31 August 2018}}</ref> Some chapters provide information on graduate study in psychology and assist members in the graduate school application process. Tutoring, community service, and social events are also common activities of Psi Chi chapters.<ref>{{cite web|title=Chapter Service Projects|url=http://www.psichi.org/?page=chapter_service|access-date=22 May 2015}}</ref>

==Structure and governance==
Psi Chi, a federally recognized, tax-exempt 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization, is governed by the board of directors.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.psichi.org/?page=board | title=Psi Chi, the International Honor Society in Psychology }}</ref> The board of directors is composed of three presidents (President, President-Elect, Past-President), six regional vice-presidents (East, Midwest, Rocky Mountain, Southeast, Southwest, West), and an executive director. The presidents and regional vice-presidents are elected by Psi Chi chapters.

Regional vice-presidents serve two-year terms and may serve up to a total of two consecutive terms (four years). Regional vice-president elections are held in odd-numbered years for the Eastern, Rocky Mountain, and Western Regions, and in even-numbered years for the Midwestern, Southeastern, and Southwestern Regions.

President candidates must have served at least one full two-year term as a regional vice-president. If elected by chapters to become president, the candidate becomes the Society's President-Elect for one year, President the following year, and then the Past-President the year after.<ref name="Psi Chi Constitution"/>

==Headquarters==
The Psi Chi Headquarters fulfills the needs of the society as directed by the leadership of the board of directors. Headquarters staff are composed of an executive director, director of membership and development, director of communications, director of finance, and director of information systems. As needed, the board of directors creates new staff positions to help better meet the needs of and provide benefits to members of the society.

The title of the "executive director" position has changed over the years: secretary-treasurer (1929–54), executive secretary (1954–68), executive director (1969–91), executive officer (1991–2003), chief operating officer (2004–present).

===Executive directors===
[[Ruth Hubbard Cousins]] (born May 21, 1920) was one of the society's most famous executive directors, serving for more than 33 years (December 1958 – October 1991). Under her leadership, Psi Chi became an official affiliate of the [[American Psychological Association]] in 1958, as well as a member of the [[Association of College Honor Societies]] in 1965.<ref name=":2" /> She died on January 11, 2007.<ref name="Chattanooga, TN: Psi Chi" />

After Cousins retired as executive director, Kay Wilson (born September 21, 1939) took over as executive officer (the title changed, but her position still functioned as executive director) from October 1991 until her death in June 2003, of cancer.<ref>{{cite journal |last= Current and Past Members of the Psi Chi National Council|date= Fall 2003|title= Remembering Kay: The Psi Chi National Council|url= https://www.psichi.org/?081EyeFall03cCouncil|journal= Eye on Psi Chi|publisher= Psi Chi|access-date= 22 May 2015}}</ref>

When Kay Wilson died in 2003, the national council reviewed the position of executive officer and decided to split the position's function into two positions: "rector" (a new position with broader outreach and strategic planning functions) and "executive officer" (the position with office management functions that had been in place since the beginning). A search began in 2003, and [[Virginia Andreoli Mathie]], who had been a professor of psychology at [[James Madison University]] (Virginia), was hired as the first executive director in the newly created position. She began on July 1, 2004, and served until June 30, 2008. Dr. Mathie was responsible for coordinating with other psychological organizations, long-term strategic planning, and assisting universities applying for a Psi Chi chapter.<ref>{{cite journal |last= Andreoli Mathie|first= Virginia|date= Summer 2008|title= A Farewell to Psi Chi|url= https://www.psichi.org/?124EyeSum08gMathie|journal= Eye on Psi Chi|volume= 12|issue= 4|page= 5|publisher= Psi Chi|doi= 10.24839/1092-0803.Eye12.4.5|access-date= 22 May 2015|url-access= subscription}}</ref>

Beginning July 1, 2008, Martha S. Zlokovich, from [[Southeast Missouri State University]] and a former Psi Chi national president, began serving as Psi Chi's second executive director.<ref>{{cite journal |last= Zlokovich|first=Martha|date= Fall 2008|title=Planning for the Future of Undergraduate Education in Psychology|url= https://www.psichi.org/?131EyeFall08gZlokov|journal= Eye on Psi Chi|volume=13|page=5|publisher= Psi Chi|doi=10.24839/1092-0803.Eye13.1.5|access-date= 22 May 2015|url-access= subscription}}</ref> Dr. Zlokovich served for 15 years until her retirement.<ref>{{cite journal |last= Cannon|first=Bradley|date= Summer 2023|title=Looking Back on a Legacy. Interview With Outgoing Executive Director Martha S. Zlokovich|url= https://www.psichi.org/page/274Eye-Interview-With-Outgoing-Executive-Director-Martha-S-Zlokovich-PhD|journal= Eye on Psi Chi|volume=27|issue=4 |pages=44–47|publisher= Psi Chi|doi=10.24839/2164-9812.Eye27.4.44|access-date= 7 August 2023|doi-access= free}}</ref>

Psi Chi's third executive director, Dr. Marianne Fallon, began on August 1, 2023.<ref>{{cite journal |last= Sleigh|first=Merry|date= Summer 2023|title=Leading Into the Future: An Interview With Dr. Marianne Fallon|url= https://www.psichi.org/page/274Eye-Leading-Into-the-Future-An-Interview-With-Dr-Marianne-Fallon|journal= Eye on Psi Chi|volume=27|issue=4 |page=4|publisher= Psi Chi|doi=10.24839/2164-9812.Eye27.4.4|access-date= 7 August 2023|doi-access= free|url-access= subscription}}</ref>

Paula Miller, who was the organization's previous membership and awards director (1997–2003), was hired as the executive officer in 2003, and served in that position managing the Psi Chi Headquarters in Chattanooga, TN until 2007. In March 2007, Lisa Mantooth, formerly of the Cleveland, Tennessee, Red Cross Chapter, began as executive officer and served through November 2009.<ref>{{cite journal |last= Miller|first=Paula|date=Winter 2007|title=Farewell Psi Chi|url= http://www.psichi.org/?page=112EYEWin07gMiller|journal= Eye on Psi Chi|volume=11|issue=2|page=3|publisher= Psi Chi|doi=10.24839/1092-0803.Eye11.2.3|access-date= 22 May 2015|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

In 2010, Michele Rumpf continued in the executive officer role but the title changed to Chief Operating Officer.<ref>{{cite journal |date= Summer 2010|title= 2010-11 New Leaders for PSI CHI|url= https://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.psichi.org/resource/resmgr/Eye_PDF/Summer2010EyeWeb.pdf|journal= Eye on Psi Chi|publisher= Psi Chi|access-date= 22 May 2015}}</ref> She served until 2015. Martha S. Zlokovich, PhD, was named interim chief operating officer in the fall of 2015.

== Distinguished members ==

*[[George Albee]]<ref name=":1" />
*Drew Appleby<ref name=":1" />
*[[Mahzarin Banaji]]<ref name=":1" />
*[[Albert Bandura]]<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":0" />
*Guillermo Bernal<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" />
*[[William Bevan (psychologist)|William Bevan]]<ref name=":1" />
*[[Jerome S. Bruner]]<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" />
*[[John T. Cacioppo|John Cacioppo]]<ref name=":1" />
*Stephen L. Chew<ref name=":1" />
*[[Robert Cialdini]]<ref name=":1" />
*[[Stuart W. Cook]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Wertheimer|first=Michael|date=2004-02-07|title=Psi Chi Reaches 75: The Youth Psychology Beacon Celebrates an Illuminated History|url=https://www.psychologicalscience.org/observer/psi-chi-reaches-75-the-youth-psychology-beacon-celebrates-an-illuminated-history|journal=APS Observer|language=en-US|volume=17|issue=2}}</ref>
* [[Florence Denmark]]<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":0" />
* [[Alice Eagly]]<ref name=":1" />
*John E. Edlund<ref name=":1" />
* [[Raymond D. Fowler]]<ref name=":0" />
* [[Florence Goodenough]]<ref name=":0" />
* [[J. P. Guilford]]<ref name=":0" />
*Ruth B. Guilford<ref name=":1" />
* [[Jane Halonen]]<ref name=":1" />
* [[Diane F. Halpern|Diane Halpern]]<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" />
*Paul Hettich<ref name=":1" />
*[[Mark Leary]]<ref name=":1" />
*Frederick H. Lewis<ref name=":1" />
*[[Elizabeth Loftus]]<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":0" />
*[[Nadine Kaslow]]<ref name=":1" />
*[[Otto Klineberg]]<ref name=":1" />
*[[Virginia Andreoli Mathie]]
*[[Rollo May]]<ref name=":1" />
*[[Neal E. Miller|Neal Miller]]<ref name=":1" />
*Edwin B. Newman<ref name=":1" />
*[[John C. Norcross|John Norcross]]<ref name=":1" />
*John Popplestone<ref name=":1" />
*[[Antonio Puente]]<ref name=":1" />
*[[Robert Rosenthal (psychologist)|Robert Rosenthal]]<ref name=":1" />
*Duane Rumbaugh<ref name=":1" />
*[[Daniel Schacter]]<ref name=":1" />
* [[M. Brewster Smith|Mahlon Brewster Smith]]<ref name=":1" />
* [[B.F. Skinner]]<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" />
* [[Charles Spielberger]]<ref name=":0" />
* [[Claude Steele]]<ref name=":1" />
* [[Robert Sternberg]]<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" />
* [[Harold Takooshian]]<ref name=":1" />
*[[Melba J. T. Vasquez]]<ref name=":1" />
* [[Michael Wertheimer (psychologist)|Michael Wertheimer]]<ref name=":1" />
* [[Susan Krauss Whitbourne]]<ref name=":1" />
* [[Joseph Wolpe]]<ref name=":1" />
* [[Philip Zimbardo]]<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":0" />
*Martha S. Zlokovich<ref name=":1" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.psichi.org Psi Chi]: official website

{{Association of College Honor Societies}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Association of College Honor Societies]]
[[Category:Honor societies]]
[[Category:Student organizations established in 1929]]
[[Category:1929 establishments in Kansas]]

Psi Chi - Revision history

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