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{{Infobox settlement
| name = Przyrów
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = SM Przyrów kościół św Doroty (2).jpg
| image_caption = Blessed Virgin Mary of the Scapular and Saint Dorothy church
| image_flag = POL Przyrów flag.png
| image_shield = POL Przyrów COA.png
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{POL}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Voivodeships of Poland|Voivodeship]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Silesian Voivodeship|Silesian]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Powiat|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Częstochowa County|Częstochowa]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Gmina]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Gmina Przyrów|Przyrów]]
| established_title = Founded
| established_date = 1369
| coordinates = {{coord|50|48|N|19|31|E|region:PL|display=title,inline}}
| pushpin_map = Poland
| pushpin_label_position = right
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1222
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset = +1
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| registration_plate = SCZ
| website =
}}
'''Przyrów''' {{IPAc-pl|'|p|sz|y|r|u|f}} is a town in [[Częstochowa County]], [[Silesian Voivodeship]], in southern Poland. It is the seat of the [[gmina]] (administrative district) called [[Gmina Przyrów]].{{TERYT}} It lies approximately {{convert|29|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} east of [[Częstochowa]] and {{convert|72|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} north-east of the regional capital [[Katowice]]. Przyrów is part of historic province of [[Lesser Poland]].

==History==
[[File:SM Przyrów kościół św Mikołaja (3) ID 639876.jpg|thumb|left|[[Baroque in Poland|Baroque]] Saint Nicholas church]]
Przyrów was founded in 1369, when King [[Casimir III the Great]] granted [[Środa law|Środa town rights]] modeled after [[Środa Śląska]], in a location near the village of Komorów.<ref name=sgk>{{cite book|author= |title=Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom IX|year=1888|language=pl|location=Warszawa|page=224}}</ref> Following other medieval towns of Europe, Przyrów had a market square, and several streets. Its first [[Vogt|wójt]] was Jakub Rechicki of [[Nagłowice]], and town's privileges were confirmed by several other Polish kings. In the 14th century Przyrów emerged as an important center of beer production. By the 15th century, the village Komorów was included within the town limits of Przyrów.<ref name=sgk/> It was a [[royal city in Poland|royal town]], with a wójt and a council, administratively located in the [[Lelów]] County, [[Kraków Voivodeship (14th century – 1795)|Kraków Voivodeship]], [[Lesser Poland Province, Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Lesser Poland Province]]. In 1554, King [[Sigismund II Augustus]] confirmed the municipal privileges and established three annual [[fair]]s.<ref name=sgk/> In 1620, it had 136 houses, and prospered together with whole Lesser Poland (see [[Polish Golden Age]]). In 1669, King [[Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki]] founded three more annual fairs.<ref name=sgk/>

On November 8, 1655, Przyrów was completely destroyed in the [[Deluge (history)|Swedish invasion of Poland]], and the town never recovered from the destruction. After the invasion, the number of still existing houses was reduced to 55, and the population shrank to 330. In early November 1655, Swedish troops under General Burchard Müller von der Luhnen (who also commanded the [[Siege of Jasna Góra]]) demanded large amounts of bread, oats, meats, beer, butter and hay. Since residents of Przyrów did not have enough goods, von der Luhnen ordered the destruction of the town.

In 1793 Przyrów was annexed in the [[Second Partition of Poland]] by the [[Kingdom of Prussia]], and made part of [[New Silesia]]. From 1807 it belonged to the [[Duchy of Warsaw]], and after its dissolution in 1815 it became part of [[Russian Partition|Russian-controlled]] [[Congress Poland]]. In the early 19th century Przyrów had 222 houses and the population of app. 1,200. After [[January Uprising]], Russian government deprived Przyrów of its town rights. By 1880, the population grew to almost 2,500, with a 40% Jewish minority. In the [[Second Polish Republic]] and in 1945–1950, Przyrów belonged to [[Kielce Voivodeship]]. Since 1950, it has been administratively tied with either [[Katowice]], or [[Częstochowa]].

[[File:Przyrów - statue 01.jpg|thumb|Memorial to the victims of the massacre from 1945]]
Following the joint German-Soviet [[invasion of Poland]], which started [[World War II]] in 1939, it was [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|occupied by Germany]] until 1945. The occupiers operated a [[Forced labour under German rule during World War II|forced labour]] camp for Jews,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=100000428|title=Zwangsarbeitslager für Juden Przyrów|website=Bundesarchiv.de|access-date=3 June 2024|language=de}}</ref> and committed a massacre of 43 Poles on 8 January 1945 (see also ''[[Nazi crimes against the Polish nation]]'').

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/city/przyrow/ Jewish Community in Przyrów] on Virtual Shtetl

{{Gmina Przyrów}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Silesian Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Częstochowa County]]
[[Category:14th-century establishments in Poland]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 1360s]]
[[Category:Populated riverside places in Poland]]
[[Category:Sites of World War II massacres of Poles]]

Przyrów - Revision history

imported>Kiwipete: /* top */ Use TERYT template, 1921 census