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In [[object-oriented programming]], a '''wrapper class''' is a [[class (computer programming)|class]] that [[Encapsulation (computer programming)|encapsulates]] [[data type|types]], so that those types can be used to create [[object (computer science)|object]] [[instance (computer science)|instances]] and [[method (computer programming)|methods]] in another class that needs those types. So a '''primitive wrapper class''' is a wrapper class that encapsulates, hides or ''wraps'' data types from the eight [[primitive data type]]s,<ref>S. J. Chapman, ''Introduction to Java'', Prentice Hall, 1999.</ref> so that these can be used to create instantiated objects with methods in another class or in other classes.<ref name=murach>J. Murach, ''Murach's Java Programming'', 4th Edition, Mike Murach and Associates, Inc., 2011.</ref><ref>J. R. Hubbard, ''Programming with Java'', Schaum's Outline Series/McGraw Hill, 1998.</ref> The primitive wrapper classes are found in the [[Java API]].

Primitive wrapper classes are used to create an {{Javadoc:SE|java/lang|Object}} that needs to represent primitive types in {{Javadoc:SE|java/util|Collection}} classes (i.e., in the Java API), in the {{Javadoc:SE|package=java.util|java/util}} package and in the {{Javadoc:SE|package=java.lang.reflect|java/lang/reflect}} [[Reflection (computer science)|reflection]] package. Collection classes are Java API-defined classes that can store objects in a manner similar to how data structures like arrays store primitive data types like '''int''', '''double''', '''long''' or '''char''', etc.,<ref name=murach/> but arrays store primitive data types while collections actually store objects.

The primitive wrapper classes and their corresponding primitive types are:

:{| class="wikitable"
! Primitive type !! Wrapper class !! Constructor arguments
|-
| <code>byte</code> || {{Javadoc:SE|java/lang|Byte}} || <code>byte</code> or <code>String </code>
|-
| <code>short</code> || {{Javadoc:SE|java/lang|Short}} || <code>short</code> or <code>String</code>
|-
| <code>int</code> || {{Javadoc:SE|java/lang|Integer}} || <code>int</code> or <code>String</code>
|-
| <code>long</code> || {{Javadoc:SE|java/lang|Long}} || <code>long</code> or <code>String</code>
|-
| <code>float</code> || {{Javadoc:SE|java/lang|Float}} || <code>float</code>, <code>double</code> or <code>String</code>
|-
| <code>double</code> || {{Javadoc:SE|java/lang|Double}} || <code>double</code> or <code>String</code>
|-
| <code>char</code> || {{Javadoc:SE|java/lang|Character}} || <code>char</code>
|-
| <code>boolean</code> || {{Javadoc:SE|java/lang|Boolean}} || <code>boolean</code> or <code>String</code>
|}

==The difference between wrapper classes and primitive types==

Primitive wrapper classes are not the same thing as primitive types. Whereas variables, for example, can be declared in Java as data types '''double''', '''short''', '''int''', etc., the primitive wrapper classes create instantiated objects and methods that inherit but hide the primitive data types, not like variables that are assigned the data type values.<ref name=murach/>

Therefore, the term ''Primitive wrapper class'' does not mean that wrapper classes are primitive types. It should be understood to be a class that wraps primitive types. Wrapper classes can be used to store the same value as of a primitive type variable but the instances/objects of wrapper classes themselves are ''Non-Primitive''. We cannot say that Wrapper classes themselves are Primitive types. They just wrap the primitive types.

The <code>Byte</code>, <code>Short</code>, <code>Integer</code>, <code>Long</code>, <code>Float</code>, and <code>Double</code> wrapper classes are all [[subclass (computer science)|subclass]]es of the {{Javadoc:SE|java/lang|Number}} class.

The wrapper classes <code>BigDecimal</code> and <code>BigInteger</code> are not one of the primitive wrapper classes but are immutable.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.javaranch.com/journal/2003/04/immutable.htm
| title = Mutable and Immutable Objects: Which classes are Immutable?
| author = David O'Meara
| date = April 2003
| publisher = Java Ranch
| accessdate = 2012-05-14
| quote = The classes java.math.BigInteger and BigDecimal are not immutable either, although maybe they should have been.
}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/math/BigInteger.html
| title = Java documentation from oracle
| author = Oracle
| quote = Immutable arbitrary-precision integers.
}}</ref>

== Atomic wrapper classes ==

With Java 5.0, additional wrapper classes were introduced in the {{Javadoc:SE|package=java.util.concurrent.atomic|java/util/concurrent/atomic}} package. These classes are mutable and cannot be used as a replacement for the regular wrapper classes. Instead, they provide [[atomic operation]]s for addition, increment and assignment.

The atomic wrapper classes and their corresponding types are:

:{| class="wikitable"
! Primitive type !! Wrapper class
|-
| <code>int</code> || {{Javadoc:SE|java/util/concurrent/atomic|AtomicInteger}}
|-
| <code>long</code> || {{Javadoc:SE|java/util/concurrent/atomic|AtomicLong}}
|-
| <code>boolean</code> || {{Javadoc:SE|java/util/concurrent/atomic|AtomicBoolean}}
|-
| <code>V</code> || {{Javadoc:SE|class=AtomicReference<V>|java/util/concurrent/atomic|AtomicReference}}
|}

The <code>AtomicInteger</code> and <code>AtomicLong</code> classes are subclasses of the <code>Number</code> class. The <code>AtomicReference</code> class accepts the [[TypeParameter|type parameter]] <code>V</code> that specifies the type of the object [[reference (computer science)|reference]]. (See "[[Generics in Java]]" for a description of type parameters in Java).

== See also ==

* [[Java Platform, Standard Edition#java.lang|java.lang]]
* [[Java Platform, Standard Edition#java.lang.reflect|java.lang.reflect]]
* [[Java (programming language)|Java programming language]]
* [[Java syntax]]
* [[Java compiler]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}


[[Category:Java (programming language)]]

Primitive wrapper class in Java - Revision history

imported>Panamitsu at 03:42, 10 June 2025