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{{Short description|Artistic movement}}
{{multiple issues|
{{essay-like|date=September 2018}}
{{one source|date=September 2018}}
{{original research|date=September 2018}}
{{too few opinions|date=September 2018}}
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'''Postdigital,''' in artistic practice, is a term that describes works of art and theory that are more concerned with being human than with being digital, similar to the concept of "undigital" introduced in 1995,<ref>Mann, S., & Picard, R. W. (1995). On being ‘undigital'with digital cameras: extending dynamic range by combining differently exposed pictures. In Proceedings of Information Systems & Technology (IS&T), pages 442-448.</ref> where technology and society advances beyond digital limitations to achieve a totally fluid multimediated reality that is free from artefacts of digital computation (quantization noise, pixelation, etc.).<ref>Mann, S., Furness, T., Yuan, Y., Iorio, J., & Wang, Z. (2018). All reality: Virtual, augmented, mixed (x), mediated (x, y), and multimediated reality. arXiv preprint arXiv:1804.08386.</ref> The postdigital is concerned with our rapidly changed and changing relationships with digital technologies and art forms.

== Theory ==
According to [[Giorgio Agamben]] (2002){{Citation needed|date=January 2025}}, the postdigital is a paradigm that (as with post-humanism) does not aim to describe a life ''after'' digital, but rather, attempts to describe the present-day opportunity to explore the consequences of the digital and of the computer age. While the computer age has enhanced human capacity with inviting and uncanny prosthetics, the postdigital provides a paradigm with which it is possible to examine and understand this enhancement.

In ''The Future of Art in a Postdigital Age,'' [[Mel Alexenberg]] defines "postdigital art" as artworks that address the humanization of digital technologies through interplay between digital, biological, cultural, and spiritual systems, between cyberspace and real space, between embodied media and mixed reality in social and physical communication, between [[high tech]] and [[High-touch|high touch]] experiences, between visual, haptic, auditory, and kinesthetic media experiences, between virtual and augmented reality, between roots and globalization, between autoethnography and community narrative, and between web-enabled peer-produced wikiart and artworks created with alternative media through participation, interaction, and collaboration in which the role of the artist is redefined, and between tactile art and NFTs.
[[Mel Alexenberg]] proposes that a postdigital age is defined in ''Wired'' by MIT Media Center director [[Nicholas Negroponte]]: "Like air and drinking water, being digital will be noticed only in its absence, not by its presence. Face it - the Digital Revolution is over"

== Music ==
[[Kim Cascone]] uses the term in his article ''The Aesthetics of Failure: "Post-digital" Tendencies in Contemporary Computer Music.''<ref name=Cascone1>{{cite web|title=THE AESTHETICS OF FAILURE 'Post-Digital' Tendencies in Contemporary Computer Music|url=http://mitpress.mit.edu/journals/COMJ/CMJ24_4Cascone.pdf|work=Computer Music Journal, 24:4 Winter 2002 (MIT Press)|first=Kim|last=Cascone|accessdate=15 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808194857/https://mitpress.mit.edu/journals/comj/cmj24_4cascone.pdf|archive-date=2017-08-08|url-status=dead}}</ref> He begins the article with a quotation from [[MIT Media Lab]] cyberpundit [[Nicholas Negroponte]]: "The [[digital revolution]] is over." Cascone goes on to describe what he sees as a 'post-digital' line of flight in the music also commonly known as glitch or microsound music, observing that 'with [[electronic commerce]] now a natural part of the business fabric of the Western world and Hollywood cranking out digital fluff by the gigabyte, the medium of digital technology holds less fascination for composers in and of itself.' Japanese theorist, [[Ryota Matsumoto (artist)|Ryota Matsumoto]] adapts the postdigital discourse of [[Kim Cascone]] to their ingenious culture and construes Japanese social structure as the postdigital after the collapse of capitalist accumulation and the subsequent integration of their tradition with the pharmacology of digital age.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Art Theory after Digital|url=https://createstyle.net/4930|website=Createstyle, Musashino Art University Press|access-date=16 June 2020}}</ref>

In ''Art after Technology,'' [[Maurice Benayoun]] lists possible tracks for "postdigital" art considering that the digital flooding has altered the entire social, economical, artistic landscape, and the artist posture will move in ways that try to escape the technological realm without being able to completely discard it. From lowtech to biotech and ''critical fusion'' - critical intrusion of fiction inside reality – new forms of art emerge from the digital era.

==See also==
* [[Circuit bending]]
* [[Databending]]
* [[Digital Art]]
* [[Glitch]]
* [[New Aesthetic]]
* [[New media art]]

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
* Alexenberg, Mel, (2019), ''Through a Bible Lens: Biblical Insights for Smartphone Photography and Social Media''. Nashville, Tennessee: HarperCollins; {{ISBN|978-1-5955-5831-2}}.
* Alexenberg, Mel, (2011), ''The Future of Art in a Postdigital Age: From Hellenistic to Hebraic Consciousness''. Bristol and Chicago: Intellect Books/University of Chicago Press; {{ISBN|978-1-84150-377-6}}.
* Alexenberg, Mel, ed. (2008), ''Educating Artists for the Future: Learning at the Intersections of Art, Science, Technology, and Culture''. Bristol and Chicago: Intellect Books/University of Chicago Press, 344 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-84150-191-8}}. (postdigital chapters by Roy Ascott, Stephen Wilson, Eduardo Kac, and others).
* Ascott, R. (2003), ''Telematic Embrace''. (E.Shaken, ed.) Berkeley: University of California Press. {{ISBN|0-520-21803-5}}.
* Barreto, R. and Perissinotto, P. (2002), [https://web.archive.org/web/20080625200657/http://www.file.org.br/the_culture_of_immanence.doc ''The Culture of Immanence''], in Internet Art. Ricardo Barreto e Paula Perissinotto (orgs.). São Paulo, IMESP. {{ISBN|85-7060-038-0}}.
* Benayoun, M. (2008), ''Art after Technology'' abstract of the text written by [[Maurice Benayoun]] in Technology Review - French edition, N°7 June–July 2008, MIT, ISSN 1957-1380. [http://www.benayoun.com/projet.php?id=114&lang=eng Full text in English].
* Benayoun, M., ''The Dump, 207 Hypotheses for Committing Art'', bilingual (English/French), Fyp éditions, France, July 2011, {{ISBN|978-2-916571-64-5}}.
* Berry, D. M. (2014) ''Critical Theory and the Digital'', New York: Bloomsbury. {{ISBN|978-1441166395}}.
* Berry, D. M. and Dieter (2015) ''Postdigital Aesthetics: Art, Computation and Design'', London: Palgrave. {{ISBN|978-1137437198}}.
* [[Daniel Birnbaum|Birnbaum, D]] and Kuo (2008) ''More than Real: Art in the Digital Age,'' 2018 Verbier Art Summit''.'' London: Koenig Books. {{ISBN|978-3-96098-380-4}}.
* [[Maurizio Bolognini|Bolognini, M.]] (2008), [http://www.bolognini.org/bolognini_PDIG.htm ''Postdigitale''], Rome: Carocci. {{ISBN|978-88-430-4739-0}}.
* Ferguson, J., & Brown, A. R. (2016). [http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S1355771816000054 "Fostering a post-digital avant-garde: Research-led teaching of music technology"]. Organised Sound, 21(2), 127–137.
* Ferreira, P. (2024), ''Audiovisual Disruption: Post-Digital Aesthetics in Contemporary Audiovisual Arts'', Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag. {{ISBN|978-3-8376-7416-3}}.
* Pepperell, R. and Punt, M. (2000), ''The Postdigital Membrane: Imagination, Technology and Desire'', Intellect Books, Bristol, UK, 182 pp.
* Toshiko, Saneoki. (2019). Postigital Theory of Giorgio Agamben, Ryota Matsumoto, Kim Cascone,[https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%87%E3%82%B8%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB '' Japanese Art and Design'']. Hachimato, Tokyo Institute of Art, Tokyo, Japan.
* Toshimo, Saniev. (2019). “Postdigital, Giorgio Agamben, Ryota Matsumoto” Tokyo University Press ''Media Research Journal'' Japanese Text.
* Wilson, S. (2003), ''Information Arts: Intersections of Art, Science, and Technology''. {{ISBN|0-262-23209-X}}.

==External links==
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=OPfmZ5v3TUgC&q=Post-digital Google Books: The Postdigital Membrane]
*[http://egs.edu/faculty/giorgio-agamben What is a paradigm by Giorgio Agamben]
*[http://www.educause.edu/ero/article/post-digital-humanities-computation-and-cultural-critique-arts-and-humanities Post-Digital Humanities: Computation and Cultural Critique in the Arts and Humanities ]
*[http://monoskop.org/Post-digital_aesthetics Monoskop: Collection of resources related to Post-Digital Aesthetics]
*[https://www.springer.com/journal/42438 Postdigital Science and Education journal]
*[https://www.springer.com/series/16439 Postdigital Science and Education book series]
*[https://link.springer.com/referencework/10.1007/978-3-031-35469-4 Encyclopedia of Postdigital Science and Education]

[[Category:Digital art]]
[[Category:Digital electronics]]
[[Category:Computer art]]
[[Category:New media]]
[[Category:New media art]]
[[Category:Interactive art]]
[[Category:Visual arts genres]]

Postdigital - Revision history

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