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{{Short description|American former ISP}}
{{refimprove|date=June 2011}}

'''PlayNET''' (or '''PlayNet''') was an American [[online service]] for [[Commodore 64]] [[personal computers]] that operated from 1984 to 1987. It was operated by the PlayNet, Inc of [[Troy, New York]].

==History==
PlayNet was founded<ref>"On the Way to the Web: The Secret History of the Internet and Its Founders", by Michael A. Banks, 2008, pages 91, 189.</ref> in 1983 by two former [[GE Global Research]] employees, Dave Panzl and Howard Goldberg,<ref>Early news story about PlayNET: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1W_yfq1CLwY</ref> as the first person-to-person, online communication and game network to feature [[home computer]] based graphics.

The founders launched the business initially with their own money. They then raised over $2.5 million from a variety of investors, including the [[venture capital funds]] of the town of [[North Greenbush, NY]], Key Bank, Alan Patricof & Associates, and the New York State Science and Technology Foundation, and a group of individual investors through a limited R&D partnership led by McGinn Smith.

PlayNet was initially successful and had more than 5000 subscribers, but struggled to grow beyond that, and was short on funds. PlayNet approached [[Commodore Business Machines|Commodore]] to become Commodore's official online service, but was rejected. Commodore instead suggested to a rival that they obtain PlayNet's software.<ref>https://www.filfre.net/2017/11/a-net-before-the-web-part-5-the-pony/</ref>

In 1985, PlayNet licensed their system to [[Control Video Corporation]] (CVC, later renamed [[Quantum Computer Services]]), which in October 1991 changed its name to [[America Online]].<ref>{{cite web |title=America, Online! |date=1995-09-01 |website=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528205838/https://www.wired.com/1995/09/aol-2/ |archive-date=2023-05-28 |url-status=live |url=https://www.wired.com/1995/09/aol-2/}}</ref> The modified version of the PlayNet software ([[Quantum Link]] or '''Q-Link''') was ported by Quantum to the [[Apple II]], and then to [[Macintosh]] and [[MS-DOS]] to create the first version of the AOL software.<ref>https://www.filfre.net/2017/11/a-net-before-the-web-part-5-the-pony/</ref> As recently as 2005, some aspects of the original PlayNet [[communication protocols]] still appeared to be used by AOL.<ref>https://wiki.archiveteam.org/index.php/AOL#Diagrams</ref>

The PlayNet offices were initially located in the J Building on Peoples Avenue in [[Troy, NY]] part of the [[Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute]] incubator program. It subsequently moved to RPI's Technology Park in North Greenbush, NY.

PlayNet declared [[bankruptcy]] in March, 1986<ref>https://casetext.com/case/beam-v-key-venture-capital-corporation</ref> and ceased operations in 1988 after Quantum stopped paying royalties.<ref>https://paleotronic.com/2018/07/01/a-1980s-quantum-link-to-a-modern-day-mutiny/</ref>

The service had two membership options: an $8/month service charge plus $2.75/hour connect time charge, or no service charge and $3.75 per hour connection charge. File downloads were charged a flat rate of $0.50 each [https://archive.org/stream/info-magazine-09/Info_Issue_09_1985_Dec-Jan_1986#page/n35/mode/2up]

The fictional Internet company depicted in the second season of the [[AMC (TV channel)|AMC]] drama series ''[[Halt and Catch Fire (TV series)|Halt and Catch Fire]]'' is believed to be based on PlayNet.<ref>https://paleotronic.com/2018/07/01/a-1980s-quantum-link-to-a-modern-day-mutiny/</ref>

==Software details==
PlayNet was originally designed around online interactive games which allowed chatting while playing. PlayNet also featured [[electronic mail]], [[online chat]], [[bulletin board]]s, [[file sharing]] libraries, online shopping, and [[instant messaging]] (using ''On Line Messages'', or ''OLM''s). Games were mostly 'traditional' games and some well-known boardgames. Games were programmed in a mixture of [[BASIC]] and [[assembly language]].

Unlike other online systems of the era, PlayNet was highly graphical and required client software, and included [[error correction]] in the communication protocols. The server software for PlayNet ran on [[Stratus Technologies|Stratus]] [[fault-tolerant]] computers and was written in [[PL/1]]. AOL continued to use Stratus computers and parts of the PlayNet server software until the late 1990s or later.
* The client software on the Commodore 64 ran a [[Computer multitasking|multitasking]] pseudo-[[operating system]] based on a [[finite-state machine]] language.

==Game list==
*[[Checkers]]
*[[Chess]]
*[[Backgammon]]
*[[Hangman (game)|Hangman]]
*[[Contract bridge|Bridge]]
*[[Stratego]]
*[[Connect 4]]
*[[Chinese Chess]]
*[[Go (board game)|Go]]
*Several others

Games/features never finished/released:
*Multiplayer [[Dungeons & Dragons]]
*[[Poker]]
*Various other card games and wargames
*Auditoriums and panel discussions

Connections to PlayNet were made by [[modem]]s at 300 baud via [[X.25]] providers such as [[Tymnet]] and [[Telenet]]. In 1985, pricing was $6 per month, with additional fees of $2 per hour, after a one-time membership fee of $30.<ref>Lockwood, Russ. "Tracking the Affordable Home Service." ''A+: The Independent Guide for Apple Computing'', April 1985: 54-56.</ref>

The system competed with many other online services like [[CompuServe]] and [[The Source (service)]], as well as [[Bulletin board system]]s (single or multiuser). PlayNet's graphical display was better than many of these competing systems because it used specialized client software with a nonstandard protocol. However, this specialized software and nonstandard protocol limited its market to the Commodore 64.

In 2005, hobbyists managed to [[reverse engineer]] the [[communications protocol]] and allow people running the QuantumLink software on an [[emulator]] or original hardware (via a [[serial cable]]) to run a reduced version of the service called [[Quantum Link Reloaded]].

==Reception==
''[[Ahoy!]]'' in 1986 called PlayNET "one of the best values around for Commodore users". The reviewer stated that he had found the network's users "to be just about the friendliest group of people around", but criticized the slow disk load times and the network's weekday hours of operation.<ref name="behling198601">{{cite news | url=https://archive.org/stream/Ahoy_Issue_25_1986-01_Ion_International_US#page/n79/mode/2up | title=PlayNET | work=Ahoy! | date=January 1986 | accessdate=July 3, 2014 | author=Behling, B. W. | pages=81–84}}</ref>

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
* [http://playnet.000webhostapp.com/ PlayNET page]
* [http://www.qlinklives.org/ Remember Q-Link]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051024014125/http://www2.ari.net/jpurkey/qlink.html Remembering Q-Link]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081005054942/http://www.lydiasaoldisks.com/q-link/qlink.htm AOL Disk Collection: Q-Link]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071114011359/http://www.quantumlink.tk/ Quantum Link Reloaded]
* [https://archive.org/stream/run-magazine-20/Run_Issue_20_1985_Aug#page/n47/mode/2up RUN Magazine Issue 20]

{{Online video game networks}}
{{Online services}}

[[Category:Commodore 64]]
[[Category:Online video game networks]]
[[Category:Pre–World Wide Web online services]]
[[Category:Internet properties established in 1984]]
[[Category:1984 establishments in New York (state)]]

PlayNET - Revision history

imported>CoolingGibbon at 08:30, 7 June 2025