141.196.52.152: /* Honorific */Added content, added true references. You can find original text of the law here https://www5.tbmm.gov.tr/tutanaklar/kanunlar_kararlar/kanuntbmmc014/kanuntbmmc014/kanuntbmmc01402590.pdf also official publication of the law can be reached thru http://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.3.2590.pdf

2025-06-03T16:53:45Z

Honorific: Added content, added true references. You can find original text of the law here https://www5.tbmm.gov.tr/tutanaklar/kanunlar_kararlar/kanuntbmmc014/kanuntbmmc014/kanuntbmmc01402590.pdf also official publication of the law can be reached thru http://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.3.2590.pdf

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{{short description|Title for high-ranking military or political officials in the Ottoman Empire}}
{{other uses|Pasha (disambiguation)}}
{{redirect|Paşa|the footballer|Cahit Paşa}}
{{pp-move}}

'''Pasha''' ({{langx|ota|پاشا}}; {{langx|tr|paşa}}; {{langx|ar|باشا|translit=basha}}){{efn|In older works it is sometimes anglicized as ''bashaw''.<ref>Edward Gibbon. ''The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'', Chapter 68, etal [https://www.ccel.org/g/gibbon/decline/volume2/chap68.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509185643/http://www.ccel.org/g/gibbon/decline/volume2/chap68.htm |date=2019-05-09 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Twain |first=Mark |title=The Innocents Abroad |year=1869 |pages=Chapter 42 |language=English}}"Pacha" used as spelling in this text</ref>}} was a high rank in the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] political and military system, typically granted to [[governor]]s, [[general]]s, [[dignitary|dignitaries]], and others. ''Pasha'' was also one of the highest titles in the 20th-century [[Kingdom of Egypt]] and it was also used in [[Morocco]] in the 20th century, where it denoted a regional official or governor of a district.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Benzakour|first1=Fouzia|title=Le Français au Maroc: Lexique et contacts de langues|last2=Gaadi|first2=Driss|last3=Queffélec|first3=Ambroise|publisher=De Boeck Supérieur|year=2000|isbn=9782801112601}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Belghazi|first=Taieb|date=2006|title=Festivalization of Urban Space in Morocco|journal=Critique: Critical Middle Eastern Studies|volume=15|issue=1|pages=97–107|doi=10.1080/10669920500515168|s2cid=145764601}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
The English word ''pasha'' comes from [[Turkish language|Turkish]] {{lang|ota-Latn|pasha}} (''{{Lang|tr|pāşā}}''; also {{lang|ota-Latn|basha}} ({{Lang|tr|bāşā}})).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> The [[Oxford English Dictionary]] attributes the origin of the English borrowing to the mid-17th century.<ref name=":1" /> The etymology of the Turkish word itself has been a matter of debate.<ref name=":0522">{{Cite book |last=Bouquet |first=Olivier |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three |publisher=Brill |year=2014 |isbn=9789004161658 |editor-last=Fleet |editor-first=Kate |location= |pages= |language=en |chapter=Paşa |quote=The use of paşa (pāşā) as an Ottoman title emerged immediately after the reign of Osman I (ʿOthmān I, d. c. 724/1324), contrary to previous honorific designations used for upper dignitaries, such as emir (emīr), bey (beg), mirimiran (mīrimīrān), and vezir (vezīr, vizier). This is probably one of the reasons why its etymology has been a matter of debate. According to Jean Deny, it probably derived from padişah (pādishāh, emperor), with the possible influence of baskak (bāsqāq, agent, tax collector), as suggested by Gerhard Doerfer. Alternative theories claim that it is a modification of the word başağa (bāş āghā), which was used to designate a 'principal elder brother' or 'prince’s elder son' in pre-Ottoman times. Some Turkish lexicographers, including Ahmed Vefik (Aḥmed Vefīḳ) Paşa and Mehmed Salahi (Meḥmed Salāhī), assert that it most likely originated from başa (bāşa) or beşe (elder brother), which was a title generally attributed to provincial notables and janissaries. This theory rests on a double hypothesis: 1) the first Ottoman honoured with the title was probably Alaeddin (ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn), the brother of Orhan (Orkhān, r. c. 724–63/1324–62), and 2) it was also conferred on his designated successors in the second half of the eighth/fourteenth century. In any case, two facts are indisputable. Some Anatolian emirs made use of this honorific distinction before the Ottomans, such as Aydınlı Umur (Umūr) Paşa (d. 748/1348). Moreover, outside of members of the Ottoman family circle, the first dignitaries awarded the title were the sultan’s most prominent lieutenants, such as Çandarlı Kara Halil (Qara Khalīl, d. 789/1387), chief of the administration and commander of the army in the reign of Murad (Murād) I (r. 763–91/1362–89). |editor-last2=Krämer |editor-first2=Gudrun |editor-last3=Matringe |editor-first3=Denis |editor-last4=Nawas |editor-first4=John |editor-last5=Rowson |editor-first5=Everett}}</ref> Contrary to titles like [[emir]] (''amīr'') and [[bey]] (sir), which were established in usage much earlier, the title ''pasha'' came into [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] usage right after the reign of [[Osman I]] (d. 1324), though it had been used before the Ottomans by some [[Anatolian beyliks|Anatolian Turkish rulers]] of the same era.<ref name=":0522" /> Old Turkish had no fixed distinction between /b/ and /p/, and the word was spelled {{lang|tr|başa}} still in the 15th century.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Tietze |first=Andreas |author-link=Andreas Tietze |encyclopedia=Tarihi ve Etimolojik Türkiye Türkçesi Lugatı |title=başa |language=tr |year=2002 |publisher=Simurg Kitapçılık |isbn=978-975-7172-56-7 |pages=290}}</ref>

According to ''[[Online Etymology Dictionary]]'', the Turkish {{lang|ota-Latn|pasha}} or {{lang|ota-Latn|basha}} was itself from Turkish {{wikt-lang|tr|baş}} / {{lang|tr|bash}} ({{lang|ota|باش}} 'head, chief'), itself from [[Old Persian]] {{lang|peo-Latn|pati-}} ('master', from [[Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]] *''{{PIE|poti}}'') and the root of the Persian word {{lang|fa-Latn|[[shah]]}}, {{lang|fa|شاه}}.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=pasha&searchmode=none |title=pasha |work=[[Online Etymology Dictionary]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006185836/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=pasha&searchmode=none |archive-date=6 October 2013 }}</ref> According to Oxford Dictionaries, the Turkish word from which it was borrowed was formed as a result of the combination of the [[Pahlavi language|Pahlavi]] words {{lang|pal-Latn|pati-}} 'lord', and {{lang|pal-Latn|shah}} ({{wikt-lang|pal|𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠}}).<ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=Pasha |url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/pasha |website=Oxford Dictionaries (English) |access-date=15 April 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416125228/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/pasha |archive-date=16 April 2017}}</ref> According to [[Josef W. Meri]] and [[Jere L. Bacharach]], the word is "more than likely derived from the Persian {{lang|fa-Latn|[[Padishah]]}}" ({{lang|fa|پادشاه}}).<ref>{{cite book |first1=Josef W. |last1=Meri |author2=Jere L. Bacharach |title=Medieval Islamic Civilization: L–Z, index |publisher=Taylor & Francis |date=2006 |isbn=978-0415966924 |page=814 }}</ref> The same view is held by [[Nicholas Ostler]], who mentions that the word was formed as a shortening of the Persian word {{lang|fa-Latn|padishah}}.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ostler |first1=Nicholas |title=The Last Lingua Franca: English Until the Return of Babel |date=2010 |publisher=Penguin UK |pages=1–352 |quote=Even in Ottoman Turkish much military vocabulary is borrowed from Persian. The highest rank, {{lang|tr|paşa}}, was a shortening of Persian {{lang|fa-Latn|padišāh}} 'emperor'. |isbn=978-0141922218 }}</ref> [[Jean Deny]] also attributed its origin to {{lang|fa-Latn|padishah}}, while repeating a suggestion by [[Gerhard Doerfer]] that it was influenced by [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] {{Lang|tr|baskak}} ({{Lang|tr|bāsqāq}}), meaning 'agent, tax collector'.<ref name=":052">{{Cite book |last=Deny |first=Jean |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition |publisher=Brill |year=1995 |isbn=9789004161214 |editor-last=Bearman |editor-first=P. |volume=8 |location= |pages= |chapter=Pas̲h̲a |editor-last2=Bianquis |editor-first2=Th. |editor-last3=Bosworth |editor-first3=C.E. |editor-last4=van Donzel |editor-first4=E. |editor-last5=Heinrichs |editor-first5=W.P.}}</ref><ref name=":0522" />

Some theories have posited a Turkish or Turkic origin of the word, claiming it derived from {{Lang|tr|başağa}} ({{Lang|tr|bāş āghā}}), which denoted a 'principal elder brother' or 'prince's elder son' in the pre-Ottoman period.<ref name=":0522" /> According to etymologist {{lang|tr|[[Sevan Nişanyan]]|italic=no}}, the word is derived from Turkish {{lang|ota-Latn|beşe}} ({{lang|ota|بچّه}} 'boy, prince'), which is [[cognate]] with Persian {{lang|fa-Latn|bačče}} ({{lang|fa|بچّه}}).<ref>{{cite book |first=Sevan |last=Nişanyan |author-link=Sevan Nişanyan |work=Sözlerin Soyağaçı: Çağdaş Türkçenin Etimolojik Sözlüğü [Family trees of words: Etymologicial Dictionary of Contemporary Turkish] |url=http://www.nisanyansozluk.com/?k=pa%C5%9Fa |title=paşa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120215826/http://www.nisanyansozluk.com/?k=pa%C5%9Fa |archive-date=20 November 2012 }}</ref> Some earlier Turkish lexicographers, such as [[Ahmed Vefik Pasha|Ahmed Vefik Paşa]] and Mehmed Salahi, argued it was most likely derived from Turkish ''{{lang|ota-Latn|başa}}'' or Turkish {{lang|ota-Latn|beşe}}, the latter meaning 'elder brother' and being a title given to some Ottoman provincial officials and [[Janissary|janissaries]].<ref name=":0522" />

As first used in western Europe, the title appeared in writing with an initial ''b''. The English forms ''bashaw'', ''bassaw'', ''bucha'', etc., general in the 16th and 17th century, derive through the medieval [[Latin]] and [[Italian language|Italian]] word {{lang|it|bassa}}.{{Citation needed|date=October 2022}} Due to the Ottoman presence in the [[Arab world]], the title became used frequently in [[Arabic]], though pronounced ''basha'' due to the absence of the /p/ sound in Arabic.

== Role in Ottoman and Egyptian political system ==
{{More citations needed section|date=September 2023}}{{further|Egypt under Muhammad Ali}}
[[File:Ottoman tui 1877 romanian capture.jpg|thumb|100px|upright|A pasha's ''[[tugh]]'' with two horse tails]]

Within the [[Ottoman Empire]], the [[Ottoman Sultan|Sultan]] had the right to bestow the title of ''Pasha''. [[Lucy Mary Jane Garnett]] wrote in the 1904 work ''Turkish Life in Town and Country'' that it was the sole "Turkish title which carries with it any definite rank and precedence".<ref name=Garnettp5>[[Lucy Garnett|Garnett, Lucy Mary Jane]]. ''Turkish Life in Town and Country''. [[G.P. Putnam's Sons]], 1904. p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=t5Q4AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA5 5] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102082114/https://books.google.com/books?id=t5Q4AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA5 |date=2024-01-02 }}.</ref>

It was through this custom that the title ({{IPA|arz|ˈbæːʃæ}}) came to be used in Egypt, which was conquered by the Ottomans in 1517. The rise to power in Egypt in 1805 by [[Muhammad Ali of Egypt|Muhammad Ali]], an [[Albanian people|Albanian]] military commander, effectively established [[Egypt under Muhammad Ali and his successors|Egypt as a ''de facto'' independent state]], however, it still owed technical fealty to the Ottoman Sultan. Moreover, Muhammad Ali harboured ambitions of supplanting the [[Ottoman Dynasty|Osman Dynasty]] in [[Ottoman Constantinople|Constantinople]] (now [[Istanbul]]), and sought to style his Egyptian realm as a successor [[sultanate]] to the Ottoman Empire. As such, he bore the title of ''Pasha'', in addition to the official title of [[Wāli]], and the self-declared title of [[Khedive]]. His successors to the [[Muhammad Ali Dynasty|Egyptian and Sudanese throne]], [[Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt|Ibrahim]], [[Abbas I of Egypt|Abbas]], [[Sa'id of Egypt|Sa'id]], and [[Isma'il Pasha|Isma'il]] also inherited these titles, with ''Pasha'', and ''Wāli'' ceasing to be used in 1867, when the [[Ottoman Sultan]], [[Abdülaziz]] officially recognised Isma'il as Khedive.

The title ''Pasha'' appears originally to have applied exclusively to military commanders and only high ranking family of the sultans, but subsequently it could distinguish any high official, and also unofficial persons whom the court desired to honour.{{citation needed|date=June 2019}}

It was also part of the official style of the [[Kapudan Pasha]] (Grand Admiral of the Ottoman fleet).
Pashas ranked above [[Bey]]s and [[Agha (Ottoman Empire)|Aghas]], but below [[Khedive]]s and [[Vizier]]s.

Three grades of Pasha existed, distinguished by the number of horse tails (three, two, and one respectively; a symbol of [[Turco-Mongol]] tradition) or peacock tails that the bearers were entitled to display on their standard as a symbol of military authority when on campaign. Only the sultan himself was entitled to four tails, as [[sovereign]] [[commander in chief]].

The following military ranks entitled the holder to the style Pasha (lower ranks were styled Bey or merely [[Effendi]]):
*The [[Vizier-i-Azam]] (Grand Vizier, the prime minister, but also often taking the field as Generalissimo instead of the Sultan)
*[[Mushir]] (Field marshal)
*[[Ferik (rank)|Ferik]] (army lieutenant-general or navy vice-admiral)
*[[Liwa (Arabic)|Liva]] (major general or rear-admiral)
*The [[Kizlar Agha]] (chief black eunuch, the highest officer in the [[Topkapı Palace]]; three tails, as commander of the [[baltadji]] corps of the halberdiers in the imperial army
*Constantinople's [[Shaikh ul-Islam]], the highest Muslim clergyman, of cabinet rank.

If a Pasha governed a provincial [[Territory (country subdivision)|territory]], it could be called a ''[[pashaluk]]'' after his military title, besides the administrative term for the type of jurisdiction, e.g. ''[[eyalet]]'', ''[[wilayah|vilayet/walayah]]''. Both [[Beylerbey|''beylerbeys'']] (governors-general) and [[Wāli|valis/wālis]] (the most common type of Governor) were entitled to the style of Pasha (typically with two tails). The word ''pashalik'' designated any [[province]] or other jurisdiction of a Pasha, such as the Pasha or Bashaw of [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]].

Ottoman and Egyptian authorities conferred the title upon both [[Muslim]]s and [[Christians]] without distinction. They also frequently gave it to foreigners in the service of the Ottoman Empire, or of the [[Khedivate of Egypt|Egyptian Khedivate]] (later [[Sultanate of Egypt|Sultanate]], and [[Kingdom of Egypt|Kingdom]] in turn), e.g. [[Augustus Charles Hobart-Hampden|Hobart Pasha]]. In an Egyptian context, the [[Abaza Family]] is known as "the family of the pashas" for having produced the largest number of nobles holding this title under the [[Muhammad Ali dynasty]] and was noted in Egyptian media in 2014 as one of the main "families that rule Egypt" to this day,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.albawabhnews.com/482311#.UzL6117RRaw.facebook|title=عائلات تحكم مصر.. 1 ـ 'الأباظية' عائلة الباشوات|date=26 March 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151128033510/http://www.albawabhnews.com/482311#.UzL6117RRaw.facebook|archive-date=2015-11-28}}</ref><ref name="daharchives.alhayat.com">{{cite web |url=http://daharchives.alhayat.com/issue_archive/Hayat%20INT/1998/9/28/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%94%D9%85-%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%94%D9%85-%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B7-%D9%85%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%94%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%94%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81-%D9%86%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B0%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9.html |title=عرب أم شركس أم خليط منهما ؟. عائلات الأباظية في مصر تتكيف نموذجياً مع المتغيرات الاجتماعية والتقلبات السياسية |access-date=2016-12-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227192411/http://daharchives.alhayat.com/issue_archive/Hayat%20INT/1998/9/28/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%94%D9%85-%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%94%D9%85-%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B7-%D9%85%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%94%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%94%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81-%D9%86%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B0%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9.html |archive-date=2016-12-27 }}</ref> and as "deeply rooted in Egyptian society and… in the history of the country."<ref name="bibalex1">{{cite web |url=http://www.bibalex.org/alexcinema/actors/Rushdi_Abaza.html |title=Rushdi Abaza, AlexCinema |publisher=www.bibalex.org |access-date=2012-08-23 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sayyid-Marsot |first=Afaf Lutfi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KCz7N-GYKRcC&q=Abaza+Family%2C+Egypt&pg=PA123 |title=Egypt in the Reign of Muhammad Ali |date=1984-01-12 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-28968-9 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-19 |title=عائلة الباشوات أباظة - Search |url=https://www.bing.com/search?q=%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B8%D8%A9+&qs=n&form=QBRE&sp=-1&lq=0&sm=asprodmb&pq=%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA+&sc=0-15&sk=&cvid=C5A517F62A894ED59EA410D1280DDFF4&ghsh=0&ghacc=0&ghpl= |access-date=2024-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319020047/https://www.bing.com/search?q=%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B8%D8%A9+&qs=n&form=QBRE&sp=-1&lq=0&sm=asprodmb&pq=%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA+&sc=0-15&sk=&cvid=C5A517F62A894ED59EA410D1280DDFF4&ghsh=0&ghacc=0&ghpl= |archive-date=2024-03-19 }}</ref>

== Honorific ==
As an honorific, the title pasha was an aristocratic title and could be hereditary or non-hereditary, stipulated in the ''[[firman]]'' ([[patent of nobility]]) issued by the Sultan carrying the ''[[tughra]]'' (imperial seal). The title did not bestow rank or title to the wife nor was any religious leader elevated to the title. In contrast to western nobility titles, where the title normally is added before the given name, Ottoman titles followed the given name. In contacts with foreign emissaries and representatives, holders of the title Pasha were often referred to as "Your Excellency".{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}

The sons of a Pasha were styled '''Pashazada''' or '''Pashazade'''.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}

In modern [[Egyptian Arabic|Egyptian]] and (to a lesser extent) [[Levantine Arabic]], it is used as an honorific closer to "Sir" than "Lord", especially by older people. Among Egyptians born since the [[Egyptian Revolution of 1952|Revolution of 1952]] and the abolition of aristocratic titles, it is considered a highly formal way of addressing one's male peers.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}

The Grand National Assembly of Turkey abolished the title ''Paşa'', along with all other titles and nicknames, through Law No. 2590, known as the ''Law on the Abolition of Titles and Nicknames'', enacted on November 26, 1934<ref>Shaw, Stanford J. and Ezel Kural Shaw. ''History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey'' (Volume II). [[Cambridge University Press]], 27 May 1977. {{ISBN|0521291666}}, 9780521291668. p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=AIET_7ji7YAC&pg=PA386 386] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102082114/https://books.google.com/books?id=AIET_7ji7YAC&pg=PA386#v=onepage&q&f=false |date=2024-01-02 }}.</ref> Although ''Paşa'' title is no longer an official title, [[general]]s of the [[Turkish Armed Forces]] are often unofficially referred to as ''Paşa'' along with ''General'' by the Turkish public and media.

In the [[Marine nationale|French Navy]], "pasha" (''pacha'' in French) is the nickname of the [[Commanding Officer]], similar to the term "skipper" in the Anglophone navies.<ref>{{in lang|fr}} [http://www.defense.gouv.fr/marine/patrimoine/traditions/vocabulaire-marine#voc] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161203060417/http://www.defense.gouv.fr/marine/patrimoine/traditions/vocabulaire-marine|date=2016-12-03}}</ref>

== List of notable pashas ==
[[File:Mustafa Kemal November 1918.png|thumb|upright|[[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk|Mustafa Kemal Pasha]]]]
[[File:ENPER PASHA WARMINISTER.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Enver Pasha]]]]
[[File:Al1-5235-6C52-7E70.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Ahmed Muhtar Pasha]]]]
[[File:GhaziOsmanPasha.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Osman Nuri Pasha]]]]
[[File:Giuseppe Donizetti.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Giuseppe Donizetti|Donizetti Pasha]]]]
[[File:Charles Gordon Pasha.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Charles George Gordon|Major-General Charles George Gordon CB Pasha]]]]
[[File:Aziz Pasha Abaza عزيز باشا أباظة.jpg|upright|thumb|[[Aziz Pasha Abaza]]]]
[[File:C P Stone LtGen Egyptian Army.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Charles Pomeroy Stone|Stone Pasha]] Ben Schauma Pasha

]]{{Cleanup list|section|date=February 2023}}
The inclusion criterion is that the person held the rank of "pasha" in his society
* [[Abaza Family]], Egyptian Pashas and [[Bey]]s
* [[Abbas I of Egypt]]
* [[Abbas II of Egypt]]
* [[Ali Pasha (disambiguation)|Ali Pasha]], multiple people
* [[Ali Pasha Mubarak]]
* [[Andranik|Andranik Pasha]]
* [[Valentine Baker|Baker Pasha]] (Valentine Baker)
* [[Barbarossa (Ottoman admiral)|Barbarossa Khair ad-Din Pasha]]
* [[Ransford Dodsworth Bucknam|Bucknam Pasha]] (Ransford Dodsworth Bucknam)
* [[Claude Alexandre de Bonneval|Ahmed Pasha]] (Claude Alexandre de Bonneval)
* [[Cigalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha]]
* [[Djemal Pasha]]
* [[Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha]] ("Ibrahim Pasha of Parga"), also known as ''Frenk Ibrahim Pasha'' ("the Westerner"), ''Makbul Ibrahim Pasha'' ("the Favorite") and ''Maktul Ibrahim Pasha'' ("the Executed")
* [[Dragut]], [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] [[Navy|Naval]] [[Commander]] & Pasha of [[Ottoman Tripolitania|Tripoli]]
* [[El-Emam family]]
* [[Emin Pasha]]
* [[Enver Pasha]]
* [[Essad Pasha Toptani]]
* [[Fakhri Pasha]]
* [[Fekry Pasha Abaza]]
* [[Mehmed Fuad Pasha|Fuad Pasha]]
* [[Romolo Gessi|Gessi Pasha]] (Romolo Gessi)
* [[Sir John Bagot Glubb|Glubb Pasha]] (Sir John Bagot Glubb)
* [[Charles George Gordon|Gordon Pasha]] (Charles George Gordon)
* [[Richard Guyon|Guyon Pasha]], (General Richard Guyon), also known as Kurshid Pasha.
* [[Habib Abdoe'r Rahman Alzahier]]
* [[Hagop Kazazian Pasha]]
* [[Hadži Mustafa Pasha|Hajji Mustafa Pasha]]
* [[Augustus Charles Hobart-Hampden|Hobart Pasha]] (Augustus Charles Hobart-Hampden)
* [[Hüseyin Tevfik Pasha]], arms and algebra expert.
* [[Hussein Refki Pasha]]
* [[Ibrahim Edhem Pasha]]
* [[İsmet İnönü|İsmet Pasha]] (İsmet İnönü)
* [[Ja'far al-Askari|Ja'far Pasha al-Askari]], founder of the modern Iraqi army.
* [[Jamal Pasha]]
* [[John Pasha]]
* [[Judar Pasha]], Moroccan general.
* [[Kara Mustafa Pasha]]
* [[William Hicks (British soldier)|Hicks Pasha]] (William Hicks), British Colonel, Hero of the Mahdist Wars.
* [[Hagop Kazazian Pasha|Kazazian Pasha]]
* [[Uluç Ali Reis|Kilic Ali Pasha]]
* Multiple members of the [[Köprülü family]]
* [[Lala Kara Mustafa Pasha]]
* [[Otto Liman von Sanders|Liman von Sanders Pasha]] (Otto Liman von Sanders)
* [[Colmar Freiherr von der Goltz|Goltz Pasha]] (Colmar Freiherr von der Goltz)
* Krayem Pasha Al Nahar, Jordan
* [[Mahmud Dramali Pasha]], Ottoman general
* [[Marcus Simaika|Marcus Simaika Pasha]], was an Egyptian Coptic leader, politician, and founder of the Coptic Museum in Cairo
* [[Mehmet Esat Bülkat]]
* [[Mehmed Pasha Sokolovic|Mehmed Pasha Sokolović]]
* [[Heinrich August Meissner|Meissner Pasha]] (Heinrich August Meissner)
* [[Antoine Ignace Melling|Melling Pasha]] (Antoine Ignace Melling)
* [[Midhat Pasha]]
* [[Müezzinzade Ali Pasha]], Ottoman admiral.
* [[Muhammad Ali of Egypt|Muhammad Ali Pasha]], viceroy of Egypt
* Mustafa Kemal Pasha, subsequently known as [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]], founder of the post-Ottoman Turkish republic.
* [[Mustafa Reshid Pasha]]
* [[Naguib Pasha Mahfouz]], is known as the father of obstetrics and gynaecology in Egypt and was a pioneer in obstetric fistula.
* [[Nubar Pasha]]
* [[Nuri al-Said|Nuri Pasha al-Said]], Iraqi political premier of the [[Kingdom of Iraq]].
* [[Osman Nuri Pasha|Osman Pasha]]
* [[Omar Pasha Latas]]
* [[Piyale Pasha]]
* Qassim Pasha Al Zuhair, Pasha of basra and Kuwait.<ref>{{cite web |title=جريدة الدستور البصرية |url=http://www.al-jazirah.com/culture/2013/11042013/almlf27.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908025516/http://www.al-jazirah.com/culture/2013/11042013/almlf27.htm |archive-date=8 September 2017 |access-date=29 April 2018 |website=www.al-jazirah.com}}</ref>
* [[Radu cel Frumos|Radu Bey, Pasha of Wallachia]], Brother of [[Vlad III Tepes]]
* [[Refet Bele]]
* [[Regep Aga]]
* [[Riyad Pasha]], Egyptian statesman.
* [[Russell Pasha]], British officer in the Egyptian police.
* [[Rüstem Pasha]] the longest serving Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire.
* [[Küçük Mehmet Sait Pasha|Said Pasha]]
* [[Şerif Pasha]], Kurdish nationalist.
* [[Sentot Prawirodirdjo]], known as "Alibasah Sentot" or "Sentot Ali Pasha". [[Javanese people|Javanese]] Muslim commander during [[Java War]].
* [[Sinan Pasha]]
* [[Slatin Pasha]] (Rudolf Carl von Slatin)
* [[Charles Pomeroy Stone|Stone Pasha]] (Charles Pomeroy Stone)
* [[Sulejman Pasha]]
* [[Sultan al-Atrash]]
* [[Tahir Pasha (governor)|Tahir Pasha]], vali of Mosul 1910-12.
* [[Talaat Pasha|Talat Pasha]]
* [[Tawfiq Bay]] (Tevfik Pasha), Arab pan-Islamist.
* [[Turhan Pasha Përmeti]]
* [[Tusun Pasha]]
* [[Ahmed 'Urabi|Urabi Pasha]]
* [[Vartan Pasha]]
* [[Mehmet Vehib Kaçı|Wehib Pasha]]
* [[Sir William Williams, 1st Baronet, of Kars|Williams Pasha]] (Sir William Williams), Canadian/British General.
* [[Henry Felix Woods|Woods Pasha]] (Henry Felix Woods)
* [[Yeghen family]], Egyptian Pashas and Beys that are related to the Egyptian Royal Family.
* [[Youssef Wahba|Youssef Wahba Pasha]], Egyptian Prime Minister.
* [[Józef Bem|Yusuf Murad Pasha]] (Józef Bem), Polish general and a national hero of Poland and Hungary, who served in the Ottoman Empire.
* [[Yusuf Karamanli|Yusuf Karamanli, Pasha of Tripoli]]
* [[Zulfikar family]], Egyptian Pashas and [[Bey]]s.

== See also ==
* [[Ottoman titles|List of Ottoman titles and appellations]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
* {{EB1911|wstitle=Pasha|volume=20|page=883}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Pashas| ]]
[[Category:Noble titles of Egypt]]
[[Category:Noble titles]]
[[Category:Ottoman titles]]
[[Category:Titles in Iran]]
[[Category:Titles in Lebanon]]
[[Category:Titles of national or ethnic leadership]]
[[Category:Turkish titles]]
[[Category:Turkish words and phrases]]
[[Category:Bengali Muslim surnames]]
[[Category:Titles in Bosnia and Herzegovina during Ottoman period]]

Pasha - Revision history