imported>Dormskirk: per main text

2025-06-15T13:26:04Z

per main text

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Coord|47|19|18|N|5|2|30|E|region:FR_type:landmark|display=title}}
{{Infobox building
| name = Palace of the Dukes and Estates of Burgundy
| native_name= Palais des ducs et États de Bourgogne
| image = [[File:Panoramique palais duc de Bourgogne.jpg|300px]]
| caption = the ''Palais des ducs de Bourgogne''
| former_names =
| alternate_names =
| map_type =
| building_type = [[Duke|Ducal]] Residence, [[Royal residence]]
| architectural_style = [[Gothic architecture]], [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical style]]
| structural_system =
| cost =
| location = [[Dijon]]
| client = [[Philip the Bold]], [[Duke of Burgundy]]
| owner =
| current_tenants =
| landlord =
| coordinates =
| altitude =
| start_date = 1364 (for the medieval palace)
| completion_date = 1689 (for the Salle des États)<br />1786 (for the Salle de Flore)
| inauguration_date =
| demolition_date =
| height = {{convert|46|metres}}
| diameter =
| other_dimensions =
| floor_count =
| floor_area =
| main_contractor =
| architect = [[Jules Hardouin-Mansart]]
| structural_engineer =
| services_engineer =
| civil_engineer =
| other_designers =
| quantity_surveyor =
| awards =
| references =
}}

The '''Palace of the Dukes and Estates of Burgundy''' or ''Palais des ducs et des États de Bourgogne'' is a remarkably well-preserved architectural assemblage in [[Dijon]]. The oldest part is the 14th and 15th century [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] ducal palace and seat of the [[Dukes of Burgundy]], made up of a logis still visible on '''Place de la Liberation''', the ducal kitchens on '''Cour de Bar''', the '''Tour de Philippe le Bon''', a "guette" overlooking the whole city, and '''Tour de Bar'''. Most of what can be seen today, however, was built in the 17th and especially the 18th centuries, in a [[Neoclassical architecture|neoclassical style]], when the palace was a royal residence building and housed the [[estates of Burgundy]]. Finally, the façade of the [[musée des Beaux-Arts de Dijon|musée]] on place de la Sainte-Chapelle was added in the 19th century: it was erected on the site of the palace's Sainte-Chapelle, demolished in 1802. The Palace houses the city's Hôtel de Ville (City Hall) and the [[musée des Beaux-Arts de Dijon|musée des Beaux-Arts]] (Museum of Fine Arts). It was designated a ''[[monument historique]]'' by the French government in 1926.<ref>{{Base Mérimée|PA00112427}}</ref>

== History of the Palace of the Dukes ==
[[File:Karte Haus Burgund 4 EN.png|thumb|290px|Map of the [[Duchy of Burgundy]] in 1477]]
The [[Duchy of Burgundy]] was founded in the 9th century, around the year 880, from the [[Kingdom of Burgundy]] by the Carolingian kings of France, [[Louis III of France|Louis III]] and [[Carloman II]], and the Princes who shared the [[Carolingian Empire]], after reorganizing the entire kingdom into duchies and counties. [[Richard, Duke of Burgundy|Richard, Count of Autun]], known as "Richard the Justiciar", was named the first Margrave and Duke of Burgundy. He was one of the six in the [[Peerage of France|French Peerage]] installed under his suzerain, King Louis III of France.<ref>{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=1dvep-L_iTUC&pg=PA108 |title=Ways of Medieval Life and Thought Essays and Addresses|first= Frederick Maurice|last= Powicke|year=1951|page=108|publisher=Biblo and Tannen|isbn=978-0819601377}}</ref>

The seat of the duchy was originally a simple castle dating from the 1st century. [[Philip the Bold]] initiated the rebuilding of the site starting with the Tour de Bar (Bar Tower) which was constructed on the east of the site to a design by Belin de Comblanchien and completed in 1365. [[René of Anjou]] was captured by [[Antoine, Count of Vaudémont]] at the [[Battle of Bulgnéville]] on 2 July 1431, and was held in the tower until 1437.<ref name=palais>{{cite web|url=https://beaux-arts.dijon.fr/data/pdf/palais.pdf|title=Le Palais des ducs de Bourgoyne|publisher=Musée des Beaux-Arts|access-date=2 November 2024}}</ref>

The Sainte-Chapelle (Holy Chapel) was built to the east of the Tour de Bar. Construction started with the choir in 1196; the nave, designed in the [[Gothic architecture|Gothic Style]], followed in the 13th century and work on the towers started in 1494. The chapel was consecrated in 1500. The chapel was host to a portrait of Christ seated on a throne and covered in blood: this image had been presented to [[Philip the Good]] by [[Pope Eugene IV]] in 1433.<ref name=chapel>{{cite web|url=https://beaux-arts.dijon.fr/data/pdf/sachapelle.pdf|title=La Sainte-Chapelle du Palais des ducs de Bourgoyne| publisher=Musée des Beaux-Arts|access-date=2 November 2024}}</ref> The façade of the chapel was decorated by [[Claus Sluter]], who created a sculpture of [[John the Evangelist]], in stone from [[Asnières-lès-Dijon]], {{convert|2.6|metres}} high, with a shield bearing the arms of Burgundy.<ref>{{cite book|first=Arthur|last= Kleinclausz|title=Claus Sluter et la sculpture bourguignonne au XVe siècle|location= Paris|year= 1905|page=50|url=https://archive.org/details/claussluteretlas00klei|publisher=Librairie de l'Art Ancien et Moderne}}</ref> Philip the Good declared the chapel the be the "place, chapter and college" of the [[Order of the Golden Fleece]] in January 1432.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://beaux-arts.dijon.fr/sites/default/files/Collections/pdf/toison_dor.pdf|title=Souvenirs de la Toison d'Or à Dijon|publisher=Musée des Beaux-Arts|access-date=2 November 2024}}</ref> He organised the chapter of 1433 there and instituted a solemn and daily mass said by a chapter of twenty-four canons, the same number as the knights of the Order. This mass was celebrated in the chapel until 1789. After the [[French Revolution]], the chapel was considered too expensive to maintain and it was demolished in 1802.<ref name=chapel/>

The core of the Ducal Palace was built in the centre of the site from the 15th century. The Grande Salle du Palais (Grand Room of the Palace), also known as the Salle des Gardes (Guardroom), was created on the first floor of the building. It was {{convert|18|metres}} long, {{convert|9|meters}} wide and {{convert|9|meters}} high. It was restored after a major fire in 1503 and was rebuilt for the visit of [[Henry II of France|Henry II]] in 1548.<ref name=gardes>{{cite web|url=https://beaux-arts.dijon.fr/data/pdf/gardes.pdf|title=La Salle des Gardes| publisher=Musée des Beaux-Arts|access-date=2 November 2024}}</ref>

The Tour de Philippe le Bon (Tower of Philip the Good) was erected on the west side of the Ducal Palace and completed in 1455. It was {{convert|46|metres}} high and continues to dominate the site. A monumental fireplace was installed in the room on the top floor and an observatory was installed there in the 18th century.<ref>{{cite journal|first=Georges Bidault |last=de l'Isle|title=L'Observatoire de Dijon et son Telescope d'Herschel |journal=L'Astronomie |publisher=Astronomy|volume=42|year=1928|pages=153–156|bibcode=1928LAstr..42..153B |url=https://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1928LAstr..42..153B}}</ref>

The ducal kitchens were completed in 1431. They are formed around a room, which is {{convert|12|meters}} long on each side, with a [[Vault (architecture)|vaulted]] roof supported by eight columns.<ref name=palais/>

=== The Dukes of Burgundy ruler of the Duchy of Burgundy (1363–1477) ===
* [[Philip the Bold]] (1342–1404), son of the King [[John II of France]]
* [[John the Fearless]] (1371–1419)
* [[Philip the Good]] (1396–1467)
* [[Charles the Bold]] (1433–1477)
<gallery>
File:16th-century_unknown_painters_-_Philip_the_Bold_-_WGA23677.jpg|'''Philip the Bold''' (1342–1404)
File:John duke of burgundy.jpg|'''John the Fearless''' (1371–1419)
File:Philip the good.jpg|'''Philip the Good''' (1396–1467)
File:Charles the Bold 1460.jpg|'''Charles the Bold''' (1433–1477)
</gallery>

==Palace of the Estates of Burgundy==
[[File:Dijon Plan du palais des ducs de Bourgogne.jpg|thumb|300px|Plan of the Palace]]
The palace was turned into a royal residence when the [[Duchy of Burgundy]] was occupied by the [[Kingdom of France]] after the death of [[Charles the Bold]], in 1477, and the [[Treaty of Arras (1482)|treaty of Arras]] of 1482 between King [[Louis XI of France|Louis XI]] and [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor]].<ref>{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=mNgJAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA271 |title=A History of France|first=Victor|last=Duruy|year=1896|publisher=Thomas Y. Crowell & Co.|page=271}}</ref>

The layout involved a central courtyard (completed in 1784), a western wing, known as the Cour de Flore, (completed in 1733) and an eastern wing, known as the Cour de Bar, (completed on the site of the former chapel in the early 19th century). The sections on the east and west of the courtyard were fronted by [[tetrastyle]] [[portico]]s formed by [[Doric order]] columns supporting [[pediment]]s with fine carvings in the [[Tympanum (architecture)|tympanum]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40635628c|title=Plan du palais des ducs de Bourgogne, à Dijon. D'après le dessin conservé aux Archives de la ville|publisher=Chandon|access-date=2 November 2024}}</ref> The complex was designed by [[Jules Hardouin-Mansart]] in the [[Neoclassical architecture|neoclassical style]], built in [[ashlar]] stone and was completed in the early 19th century.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.destinationdijon.com/patrimoine-culturel/palais-des-ducs-et-des-etats-de-bourgogne/|title=Palais des ducs et des États de Bourgogne|publisher=Dijon Tourisme|access-date=2 November 2024}}</ref>

The new rooms included:
* The Salle des États: The États de Bourgogne (Estates of Burgundy), composed of representatives of the three orders: nobility, clergy and third estate, who met every three years to vote on taxes and make important decisions for the administration of the province, wanted a place to meet. It was completed in 1689.<ref>{{cite journal|first=Yves|last= Beauvalot|title= La salle des Etats de Bourgogne à Dijon de sa construction et sa décoration aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles à sa rénovation au XIXe siècle|journal= Les Cahiers du Vieux-Dijon|location=Dijon|publisher= Association pour le Renouveau du Vieux-Dijon|year= 1987|pages=5–63|url=https://agorha.inha.fr/ark:/54721/7061cb60-07fa-4b0f-b79e-1c05c04cc89c}}</ref>

* The Salle de Flore: This room, which overlooks the Cour de Flore, was intended to serve as the banqueting hall of the États de Bourgogne and was completed in 1786. It has served as the Hôtel de Ville (City Hall) of Dijon City Council,{{efn|The council was based at the former house of [[Nicolas Rolin]] from his death in 1462 until 1831.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://jondi.fr/lieu/palais-des-archives-departementales/|title=Palais des Archives Départementales de la Côte-d'Or|publisher=Dijon Archives| access-date=2 November 2024}}</ref>}} as a concert hall, and as a reception hall since 1831.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bm.dijon.fr/documents/MEMOIRES%20CACO/1832-2001/1901-1905-014-01-001-008-1377629.pdf|title=La Salle des Festins ou de Flore|publisher=l'Académie des sciences, arts et belles-lettres de Dijon|access-date=2 November 2024}}</ref>

* Grand Escalier: The staircase was designed by [[Jacques Gabriel]] to provide a grand entrance to the Salle des États and was completed in 1737.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bienpublic.com/edition-dijon-ville/2015/08/14/sa-majeste-gabriel-sxqk|title=Dijon: "Sa majesté" Gabriel, plus bel escalier de France|publisher=Bien Public|date=14 August 2015| access-date=2 November 2024}}</ref>

* The Chapelle des Élus: This chapel was designed by Jacques Gabriel in the [[Rococo architecture|Rococo style]] and was completed in 1739.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.destinationdijon.com/patrimoine-culturel/la-chapelle-des-elus/ |title=La Chapelle des Élus|publisher=Dijon Tourisme|access-date=2 November 2024}}</ref>

In 1765, [[François Devosge]] established a public drawing school in the building: this was to become the basis for the [[Musée des Beaux-Arts de Dijon|Musée des Beaux-Arts]].<ref>{{cite book|first1=Hélène|last1= Meyer |first2= Emmanuel|last2= Starcky|title= François Devosge et l'École de dessin, 1766–1799, in Sophie Jugie et Emmanuel Starcky, L'art des collections, bicentenaire du musée des beaux-arts de Dijon| publisher=Musée des Beaux-Arts de Dijon |year=2000|pages= 45–51|isbn= 978-2-911404-62-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PfJGAQAAIAAJ}}</ref>

A new square, the Place Royale, was established in front of the complex in 1692. An equestrian statue created in bronze by [[Étienne Le Hongre]] depicting [[Louis XIV]] was unveiled in the centre of the square on 15 April 1725. Following the [[French Revolution]], the palace was renamed the "Maison Nationale" by the revolutionaries and the statue of Louis XIV was torn down and destroyed on 15 August 1792.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://beaux-arts.dijon.fr/data/pdf/FicheHongre.pdf|title=Louis XIV au cœur de Dijon|publisher=Musée des Beaux-Arts de Dijon |access-date=2 November 2024}}</ref>

In the mid-19th century, the Philippe le Bon Tower became a [[Chappe telegraph]] station for communications between [[Paris]] and [[Lyon]] and later between Dijon and [[Besançon]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Marc |last=Gocel|title=La télégraphie aérienne|volume=1|location= Florange|publisher=Les Presses du Tilleul|year= 2001|pages=84–85|url=https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb390106621.public}}</ref>

Following the demolition of the [[Champmol|Chartreuse de Champmol]], two restored ducal tombs were installed in the Salle des Gardes in 1827, helping to underline the status of Dijon and its palace as the regional capital.<ref name=gardes/> During the renovation of the palace between 2010 and 2012, several sculptures from the tombs travelled on exhibition.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mourners.org/ |title=The Mourners: Tomb Sculptures from the Court of Burgundy |accessdate=2012-01-28 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126190804/http://www.mourners.org/ |archivedate=26 January 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

===Governors of Burgundy===
After 1477, the kings of France named governors to rule [[Burgundy (region)|Burgundy]]. Sometimes they came personally to [[Dijon]], where the palace was turned into a royal residence to receive them while in the province of Burgundy.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Universalis |first=Encyclopædia |title= Duché de Bourgogne: La réunion du duché au royaume de France |url=https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/duche-de-bourgogne/4-la-reunion-du-duche-au-royaume-de-france/ |access-date=2024-01-09 |website=Encyclopædia Universalis |language=fr-FR}}</ref>

<gallery>
File:LouisIIdeLaTremoille.jpg|[[Louis II de la Trémoille|Louis de la Trémoïlle]] (1460–1525)
File:Philippes Chabot.jpg|[[Philippe de Chabot]] (1492–1543)
File:Bildnis Herzog Anton der Gute von Lothringen – Hans Holbein d. J.jpg|[[Antoine, Duke of Lorraine|Antoine de Lorraine]] (1489–1544)
File:ClaudeLorraine.jpg|[[Claude, Duke of Guise|Claude de Lorraine]] (1496–1550)
File:Mayenne-charles.jpg|[[Charles, Duke of Mayenne|Charles, duc de Mayenne]] (1554–1611)
File:Charles-gontaut-biron.jpg|[[Charles de Gontaut, duc de Biron]] (1562–1602)
File:RogerDucDeBellegarde.jpg|[[Roger de Saint-Lary de Termes|Roger de Saint-Lary de Termes, duc de Bellegarde]] (1562–1646)
File:Louis, Grand Condé.PNG|[[Louis, Grand Condé|Le Grand Condé]] (1621–1686)
File:1694 Portrait of Louis de Bourbon, Prince of Condé from the workshop of Rigaud (Versailles).jpg|[[Louis, Prince of Condé (1668–1710)|Louis de Bourbon Condé]] (1692–1740)
File:Louis Joseph de Bourbon Prince of Conde.jpg|[[Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé|Louis Joseph de Bourbon Condé]] (1736–1818)
</gallery>

== See also ==
* [[Musée des Beaux-Arts de Dijon]]
* [[Dukes of Burgundy]]
* [[Dijon]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Commons category-inline|Palais des Ducs (Dijon)}}
* [http://mba.dijon.fr/ Official Site of the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Dijon]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Palace Of The Dukes Of Burgundy}}
[[Category:Duchy of Burgundy|*]]
[[Category:Châteaux in Côte-d'Or]]
[[Category:History of Dijon]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Dijon]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Dijon]]
[[Category:Palaces in France]]
[[Category:Monuments historiques of Côte-d'Or]]
[[Category:City and town halls in France]]
[[Category:Government buildings completed in the 17th century]]

Palace of the Dukes of Burgundy - Revision history

imported>Dormskirk: per main text