imported>Escape Orbit: removed POV emphasis

2024-11-20T14:06:28Z

removed POV emphasis

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{{Short description|Norwegian physician, newspaper editor and politician}}
{{distinguish|Oscar Nilssen}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Oscar Nissen
| image = Oscar Nissen.png
| alt =
| office = Chairman of the [[Norwegian Labour Party]]
| term_start = 1906
| term_end = 1911
| predecessor = [[Christopher Hornsrud]]
| successor = [[Christian Holtermann Knudsen]]
| birth_name = Elias Gottlieb Oscar Egede Nissen
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1843|10|31}}
| birth_place = [[Tromsø]], Norway
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1911|1|4|1843|10|31}}
| death_place = [[Oslo|Kristiania]], Norway
| party = Norwegian Labour
| otherparty = [[Liberal Party of Norway]]
| spouse = {{unbulleted list| [[Erika Nissen|Erika Lie]] (1874-1895) | [[Fernanda Nissen]] (1895-?)}}
| relatives = [[Adam Egede-Nissen]] (nephew)
}}
'''Elias Gottlieb Oscar Egede Nissen''' (31 October 1843 – 4 January 1911) was a Norwegian physician, newspaper editor and politician. He belonged to the [[Norwegian Labour Party]] from 1889 to his death, and was both party leader, party secretary as well as editor of the party organ ''[[Dagsavisen|Social-Demokraten]]'' for a period. He also made his mark as a campaigner for [[temperance movement|temperance]] and better health conditions. He was also chairman of the [[Norwegian Santal Mission]].

==Personal life==
Nissen was born in [[Tromsø]] as the son of physician Heinrich Nissen (1802–1866) and Fayette Ørbech (1806–1884). His father had migrated from Holstein to Norway in 1825, and his mother was born at [[Falster]]. Through his mother, Oscar Nissen was a descendant of missionary [[Hans Egede]].<ref name=nbl>{{cite encyclopedia|year=2003|volume=6|title=Oscar Nissen|encyclopedia=[[Norsk biografisk leksikon]]|publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget|editor=Helle, Knut|editor-link=Knut Helle|first=Per|last=Fuglum|language=no|access-date=25 February 2009|location=Oslo|url=http://www.snl.no/.nbl_biografi/Oscar_Nissen/utdypning}}</ref>

Nissen first married pianist [[Erika Nissen|Erika Lie]]. The marriage lasted from 1874 to 1895, and they had a daughter, [[Erika Nissen-Lie]], born in 1878, and a son, [[Karl Nissen]], born in 1879. Oscar Nissen married [[Fernanda Nissen]] in 1895. He was the uncle of politician [[Adam Egede-Nissen]].<ref name=nbl/>

==Career==
After spending some time at sea during his youth, he enrolled as a student of medicine in 1863. His study period was interrupted twice, as he volunteered in the 1864 [[Second Schleswig War]] and as a surgeon for six months in 1870 during the [[Franco-Prussian War]]. He finally graduated with the [[cand.med.]] degree in 1873, and specialized in [[gynecology]].<ref name=nbl/>

Nissen was a devout Christian in his early life. From 1883 to 1887 he chaired the [[Norwegian Santal Mission]]. From 1884 to 1890 he edited the magazine ''Sundhedsbladet''. Since 1876 Nissen was also a supporter of the [[temperance movement]], and from 1884 to 1890 he edited the temperance magazine ''Menneskevennen''. In the aftermath of the death of founder [[Asbjørn Kloster]], he chaired the temperance organization [[Det norske Totalavholdsselskap]] from 1879 to 1887. This period witnessed a tenfold increase of membership. He retired from the organization as the 1887 national convention would not support his proposition on [[prohibition]].<ref name=nbl/>

Nissen worked in [[Oslo|Kristiania]] from 1884 as a specialist in women's diseases.<ref name=ap>{{cite web|url=http://www.arbeiderpartiet.no/Om-AP/Politikere/Biografier/Nissen-Oscar|language=no|title=Nissen, Oscar|publisher=Norwegian Labour Party|access-date=12 March 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100919233934/http://arbeiderpartiet.no/Om-AP/Politikere/Biografier/Nissen-Oscar|archive-date=19 September 2010|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> He was not uncontroversial. At a meeting arranged by the [[Norwegian Students' Society]] on 17 November 1887, Nissen had made the claim that from his personal experience, only 10% of women had [[libido]].<ref name=1880s>{{cite book|last=Sørensen|first=Øystein|author-link=Øystein Sørensen|title=1880-årene. Ti år som rystet Norge|publisher=Universitetsforlaget|location=Oslo|year=1984|pages=101|isbn=82-00-06966-4|language=no}}</ref> He was lambasted by activist [[Ragna Nielsen]], who tried, unsuccessfully, to channel her protest through the recently established (1884) [[Norwegian Association for Women's Rights]].<ref name=1880s/>


Politically, Nissen originally belonged to the [[Liberal Party of Norway|Liberal Party]]. However, towards the end of the 1880s he aligned more with the fledgling socialist movement. In 1889 he joined the [[Norwegian Labour Party]], founded in 1887.<ref name=nbl/> In the same year he marked himself as a supporter of the [[match factory workers' strike, 1889|strike]] among the match factory workers. It occurred in October 1889 when three hundred match factory workers, all female, laid down their work. They demanded a slight pay raise of 1 [[øre]] extra per [[gross (unit)|gross]] packed as well as better sanitary conditions. Nissen was especially concerned about the danger of contracting [[phossy jaw]], and famously spoke at a public meeting together with [[Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson]].<ref>Sørensen, 1984: pp. 114-115</ref> Nonetheless, the strike was given up in December.<ref>Sørensen, 1984: pp. 116</ref>

He was the editor-in-chief of the party organ ''[[Dagsavisen|Social-Demokraten]]'' from 1894 to 1897,<ref name=ap/> and served as the party secretary during the same period.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arbeiderpartiet.no/Om-AP/Aps-historie/Menneskene-som-skapte-historien/Partisekretaerene-fra-1887-til-d.d|language=no|title=Partisekretærene fra 1887 til d.d.|publisher=Norwegian Labour Party|access-date=12 March 2009}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> He was also a member of Kristiania city council from 1898 to 1907. From 1906 to his death he was the chairman of the Labour Party. He died in Kristiania.<ref name=nbl/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://vestraat.net/TNG/getperson.php?personID=I95924&tree=IEA Family genealogy]

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{{succession box | before=[[Olav Strøm]] | title=Party secretary of the [[Norwegian Labour Party|Labour Party]] | years=1894–1898 |after=[[Ludvig Meyer]]}}
{{succession box | before=[[Christopher Hornsrud]] | title=Chairman of the [[Norwegian Labour Party|Labour Party]] | years=1906–1911 |after=[[Christian Holtermann Knudsen]]}}
{{s-media}}
{{succession box |before=[[Christian Holtermann Knudsen]] |title=Chief editor of ''[[Dagsavisen|Social-Demokraten]]'' |years=1894–1898 |after=[[Ludvig Meyer]] }}
{{s-end}}

{{Norwegian Labour Party}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nissen, Oscar}}
[[Category:1843 births]]
[[Category:1911 deaths]]
[[Category:Norwegian newspaper editors]]
[[Category:Norwegian obstetricians and gynaecologists]]
[[Category:Politicians from Oslo]]
[[Category:Norwegian temperance activists]]
[[Category:Politicians from Tromsø]]
[[Category:Leaders of the Labour Party (Norway)]]
[[Category:Dagsavisen editors]]

Oscar Nissen - Revision history

imported>Escape Orbit: removed POV emphasis