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{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Olea paniculata Sea Acres National Park.jpg
| image_caption = Tree at [[Sea Acres National Park]], Australia
| genus = Olea
| species = paniculata
| authority = [[Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)|R.Br.]]<ref name=trop1> ''Olea paniculata'' was first described and published in ''Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae'' 523. 1810. {{cite web |url=http://www.tropicos.org/Name/23000422 |title=Name - ''Olea paniculata'' R.Br |website=Tropicos |publisher=[[Missouri Botanical Garden]] |location=[[Saint Louis, Missouri]] |accessdate=October 28, 2011}}</ref>
| synonyms =
*''Olea glandulifera'' {{Au|[[René Louiche Desfontaines|Desf.]]}}
*''Olea glandulifera'' {{Au|[[Nathaniel Wallich|Wall.]] ''ex'' [[George Don|G.Don]]}}
*''Olea glandulosa'' {{Au|[[Augustin Pyramus de Candolle|DC.]]}}
*''Olea thozettii'' {{Au|[[Jean Armand Isidore Pancher|Pancher]] & [[Hippolyte Sebert|Sebert]]}}
*''Olea bournei'' {{Au|[[Philip Furley Fyson|Fyson]]}}
*''Linociera lauterbachii'' {{Au|[[Alexander von Lingelsheim|Lingelsh.]]}}
*''Ligustrum neoebudicum'' {{Au|[[André Guillaumin|Guillaumin]]}}
*''Linociera yunnanensis'' {{Au|[[Ho Tseng Chang|H.T.Chang]]}}
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=WCSP>{{WCSP | 354991 | ''Olea paniculata'' | accessdate = 2016-11-03 }}</ref>
}}
[[File:Olea paniculata fruit.jpg|thumb|upright|Native olive, foliage & fruit]]

'''''Olea paniculata''''', commonly known as the '''native olive''', is a plant of the genus ''[[Olea]]'' and a relative of the [[olive]]. It grows natively in Pakistan and southwestern China ([[Yunnan]]) through tropical Asia to Australia ([[Queensland]] and [[New South Wales]]) and the Pacific islands of [[New Caledonia]], [[Vanuatu]] and [[Lord Howe Island]].<ref name=WCSP/>

==Description==
It grows as a bushy tree to {{convert|30|m|ft|abbr=on}}, often with a sparse canopy. The trunk has smooth grey-brown bark and reaches a maximum diameter of {{convert|90|cm|in|abbr=on}} with some [[buttress root|buttressing]].<ref name="Floyd09"/> The shiny green [[leaf shape|ovate to elliptical]] leaves measure {{convert|5|–|10|cm|in|abbr=on}} in length, and {{convert|1.5|–|6|cm|in|abbr=on}} in width, and have a pointed (acuminate) end. The blue-black fruit are oval and measure 0.8–1.2 (0.3–0.5 in) cm long.<ref name=plantnet>{{cite web|title=Olea paniculata L|author=Hardin DW|website=PlantNET – NSW Flora Online|url=http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Olea~paniculata|accessdate=2010-06-02}}</ref> They are ripe from May to September.<ref name="Floyd09"/>

It resembles the introduced and weedy African olive [[Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata|''Olea europaea'' subsp. ''cuspidata'']], but the latter lacks ''O. paniculata'''s small depressions between the main and secondary veins on the back of the leaf. The introduced species is found in disturbed areas such as roadsides and waterways.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.weeds.org.au/cgi-bin/weedident.cgi?tpl=plant.tpl&ibra=all&card=T08 |title=Weeds Australia - Weed Identification - African olive |access-date=2010-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527052929/http://www.weeds.org.au/cgi-bin/weedident.cgi?tpl=plant.tpl&ibra=all&card=T08 |archive-date=2011-05-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Taxonomy==
One of many species first described by Robert Brown in his 1810 work ''[[Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae]]'', it still bears its original binomial name. Other common names include '''Australian olive''', '''pigeonberry ash''', '''maulwood''', and '''clove berry'''.<ref>{{APNI | name = ''Olea paniculata'' R.Br. | id = 49352}}</ref> In Chinese, it is called 腺叶木犀榄 ({{zh|p=xiànyè mùxī lǎn}}).<ref name=china>{{cite web |title= ''Olea paniculata'' R. Brown, Prodr. 523. 1810|year=2008|website=Flora of China – eFloras Online|url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=210001345|accessdate=2010-06-02}}</ref> The specific name is derived from the [[Latin]] ''panicula'' "tuft", from the arrangement of flowers.<ref name="Floyd09">{{cite book|last=Floyd|first=Alex G.|title=Rainforest Trees of Mainland Southeastern Australia|publisher=Terania Rainforest Publishing|location=Lismore, NSW|year=2009|page=278|isbn=978-0-9589436-7-3}}</ref>

==Distribution and habitat==
''Olea paniculata'' is found from North East Queensland to the vicinity of the [[Hunter Region]] in [[New South Wales]].<ref name=plantnet/> In Australia it is found near watercourses in dry rainforests.<ref name="Floyd09"/> Outside Australia it is found in [[Yunnan]] province in southwestern China, where it occurs in sheltered wetter valleys {{convert|1200|–|2400|m|ft|abbr=on}} in altitude, as well as India, Indonesia, Kashmir, Malaysia, Nepal, New Guinea, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.<ref name=china/> On Lord Howe Island it is widespread below around {{convert|500|m|ft|abbr=on}} elevation. It is also found on New Caledonia and Vanuatu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/online-resources/flora/stddisplay.xsql?pnid=5833|title=Database Error}}</ref>

==Ecology==
The fruit are consumed by the [[Australian king parrot]], [[brown cuckoo-dove]], [[topknot pigeon]], [[rose-crowned fruit-dove]], [[wompoo fruit-dove]], [[white-headed pigeon]], [[green catbird]] and [[regent bowerbird]] in Australia.<ref name="Floyd09"/>

==Uses==
It is a fast [[pioneer species]] on sunny protected sites, but needs well drained soil for good growth. It is a butterfly host plant whose black fruit attracts birds. The fruit was traditionally eaten by [[Aboriginal Australians]].<ref>Cribb, A.B. & Cribb, J.W. (1975) Wild Food in Australia. Sydney: Collins.</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q3013067}}

[[Category:Olea|paniculata]]
[[Category:Lamiales of Australia]]
[[Category:Flora of Queensland]]
[[Category:Trees of the Indian subcontinent]]
[[Category:Trees of China]]
[[Category:Trees of Thailand]]
[[Category:Trees of Malesia]]
[[Category:Trees of New Guinea]]
[[Category:Trees of New Caledonia]]
[[Category:Trees of Vanuatu]]
[[Category:Flora of New South Wales]]
[[Category:Flora of Lord Howe Island]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1810]]
[[Category:Bushfood]]

Olea paniculata - Revision history

imported>Honsgoc: grammar etc