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{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{For|the insect genus|Nyoma (beetle)}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Nyoma
| other_name = Nyama, Neoma
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline = Nyoma Gompa.JPG
| image_caption = Nyoma's setting as seen from the gompa (Buddhist monastery)
| etymology =
| pushpin_map = India Ladakh#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Ladakh
| coordinates = {{coord|33.2059163|N|78.6483843|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|Union territory]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Ladakh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Leh district|Leh]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = Nyoma
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type = [[Panchayat]]
| seat =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_m = 4180
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 918
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = Lhadakhi, [[Hindi]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 194404
| area_code_type = 
| area_code =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]] code
| blank_info_sec1 = 901
| footnotes =
}}
'''Nyoma'''{{efn|Variations of the spelling include "Nyama",{{sfnp|Gazetteer of Kashmir and Ladak|1890|p=624}} and "Neoma".<ref name="reopened"/> The village was referred to as "Nimu" or "Nima" during the [[British Raj]] period.{{sfnp|Drew, The Jummoo and Kashmir Territories|1875|loc=p. 313, footnote; p. 316}}{{sfnp|Gazetteer of Kashmir and Ladak|1890|p=624}}}} is a principal village of southern [[Ladakh]] in India, the headquarters of an [[eponymous]] [[Leh district#subdivision|subdivision]], [[Leh district#tehsil|tehsil]], [[Community development block in India|community development block]] and [[List of Indian Air Force stations|Indian Air Force Base]] in the [[Leh district]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://leh.nic.in/depts/villageamenitydirectory.pdf |title=Blockwise Village Amenity Directory |publisher=Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council |access-date=2015-07-23 }}</ref><ref name=lehdiv1>[https://leh.nic.in/about-district/administrative-setup/subdivision-blocks/ Leh subdivision-blocks].</ref> It is located on the bank of the [[Indus]] river after its 90-degree bend near [[Dungti]] east of Nyoma and before the valley narrows to a gorge near [[Mahe, Ladakh|Mahe]] northwest of Nyoma. The Nyoma tehsil and subdivision cover all of southern Ladakh, including the [[Rupshu]] plains south of Nyoma, the Indus valley of [[Skakjung]] north of Nyoma, and the [[Hanle (village)|Hanle]] valley. ''Nyoma [[gompa]]'', a Buddhist monastery, is located on the hill slope north of the village.

== Geography ==
[[File:Nyoma.jpg|thumb|Nyoma]]

The Indus river after its entry into Ladakh flows in a southwesterly direction through a wide valley. Afterwards, it takes a 90-degree bend at Dungti blocked by the higher ground of the Chushul valley. The village of Nyoma lies 33 km west of the bend on the right bank (northern bank), where it is also coupled with another neighbouring village [[Mood, Leh|Mood]] (or ''Mud'' or ''Mad''). The Indus river here is said to be wide and shallow. It could be easily forded.{{sfnp|Gazetteer of Kashmir and Ladak|1890|p=624}}<ref>{{citation |first=R. C. F. |last=Schomberg |title=Expeditionts: The Tso Morari to the Tibetan Frontier at Demchok |journal=[[Himalayan Journal]] |volume=XVI |number=1 |year=1950 |page=105}}</ref>

Nyoma is located 41 km southeast of [[Chumathang]],<ref>[http://www.distancesfrom.com/directions-from-Chumathang-to-Nyoma/DirectionHistory/11412152.aspx Directions from Chumathang to Nyoma], distancesfrom.com, retrieved 15 November 2020.</ref> and 87 km south of [[Chushul]]. Nearby villages are Mahe and Loma. [[Hanle (village)|Hanle]], the largest village in southern Ladakh, is 80 km to the southeast. Mount Sajum on the border with China is 43 km to the east.

Nyoma tehsil borders the [[Tibet Autonomous Region]] of China on the south and the east. The southern border runs along the [[Chumar]] village in Rupshu and the Imis Pass at the end of the Hanle valley. The eastern border, a [[Line of Actual Control]] resulting from the [[Sino-Indian War|1962 war]] with China, runs along the [[Kailash Range]] watershed of the Indus river till the village of [[Dumchele]] and narrows to the right bank of the Indus river up to [[Demchok, Ladakh|Demchok]].

The road from [[Leh]] runs till the village of [[Koyul]], crossing the Indus river at Loma. From Koyul to Demchok, there is only a rough track. An alternative border road runs between the Koyul Lungpa valley and Demchok via the Umling La pass.<ref>
{{cite web |title=BRO builds world's highest motorable road in Ladakh at 19,300 feet |newspaper=Livemint |date=2 November 2017 |url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/YpojBHOzLBVypMDOylGPXJ/BRO-builds-worlds-highest-motorable-road-in-Ladakh-at-1930.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171102140239/http://www.livemint.com/Politics/YpojBHOzLBVypMDOylGPXJ/BRO-builds-worlds-highest-motorable-road-in-Ladakh-at-1930.html |archive-date=2 November 2017 |url-status=live}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite web |title=Achievements of West DTE during the F/Y 2016-17 |publisher=Border Roads Organisation |url=http://www.bro.gov.in/WriteReadData/linkimages/9886029359-Landmark.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107072329/http://www.bro.gov.in/WriteReadData/linkimages/9886029359-Landmark.pdf |archive-date=7 November 2017 |url-status=live}}
</ref>

==Military facilities==

===Nyoma Airbase===
{{anchor | ALG }}

Nyoma is home to an [[Advanced Landing Ground]] (ALG) of Indian Air Force that was built in 1962 but remained unutilized. It was reactivated in 2009 when an [[Antonov An-32|An-32]] landed in this airfield.<ref name="reopened">
[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/PoliticsNation/New-IAF-airfield-to-be-reopened-in-east-Ladakh/articleshow/4365705.cms New IAF airfield to be reopened in east Ladakh], The Economic Times, 6 April 2009.
</ref> Now the [[List of Indian Air Force stations#ALG|airbase at Nyoma]] of the [[Indian Military]] is fully operational.

The airbase received the Wildlife Board's forest clearance in 2022 to expand into 508 hectare of land inside [[Changthang Wildlife Sanctuary]].<ref name=lac1>{{Cite web |url = http://tibet.net/2016/05/eye-on-india-china-raises-tibet-military-command-rank/ |title = Eye on India, China raises Tibet military command rank {{!}} Central Tibetan Administration |website = tibet.net |access-date = 2016-10-01 }}</ref> The Government of India announced in January 2023 that this airstrip will be upgraded in two years by the end of 2024 at a cost of {{INRConvert|218|c|lk=on|year=2024}} to a 1,235 acre full fighter jet airbase at {{convert|13700|ft|m}} elevation with an expanded 2.7 km paved runway with ability to recover airplanes and minor repair facilities. Aeroplanes can land from both directions on this airstrip.<ref name=ranga1>[https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/to-counter-china-nyoma-airfield-in-ladakh-to-be-full-fledged-base-in-2-yrs-467406 To counter China, Nyoma airfield in Ladakh to be full-fledged base in 2 years], The Tribune, 5 Jan 2023.</ref> [[Chushul]], [[Fukche]] & [[Leh]] are other nearby airbases & ALG airstrips.

The construction of an airbase at Mudh, Nyoma was assigned to [[Border Roads Organisation]] (BRO) in 2023. The project will cost Rs. 218 crore. This will be the world's highest airfield at 11,000 ft. As of October 2024, 95% of the work for Runway at the airbase is complete. The runway is ready for emergency use by all aircraft including fighter aircraft. The base will be formally commissioned in September 2025 after allied infrastructure like hangars, an air traffic control building, and hard-standing areas are completed. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Despatch |first=Kashmir |date=2024-10-30 |title=World’s Highest Fighter Airfield comes up in Ladakh |url=https://kashmirdespatch.com/worlds-highest-fighter-airfield-comes-up-in-ladakh/ |access-date=2024-11-02 |website=Kashmir Despatch |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Field Firing Range===
{{anchor | FFR | MFFR }}

Nearby Mahe has Indian Military's "Mahe Field Firing Range" (MFFR) on 1259.25 hectares land inside the Changthang Wildlife Sanctuary. Firing range is 40 to 50 km from the [[Sino-Indian border dispute|disputed]] India-China [[Line of Actual Control]]. This is the one of its type firing range in the entire Indian-held Ladakh region where all types of weapons can be fired.<ref name=mah1/>

==Infrastructure==
{{ see also | India-China border infrastructure}}

===Roads===

Roads infrastructure this area is being enhanced under the [[India-China Border Roads]] projects.

===Telecommunication===
{{anchor | Fiber | Internet }}

Wildlife clearance was granted in 2022 for laying optical fiber cables in the
Changthang Wildlife Sanctuary and [[Karakoram Wildlife Sanctuary]] for the internet and telephony connectivity.<ref name=mah1>{{Cite web |url = https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/central-wildlife-panel-approves-to-upgrade-iaf-base-near-lac-in-ladakh-122090900685_1.html |title = Central wildlife panel approves to upgrade IAF base near LAC in Ladakh |website = www.business-standard.com |access-date = 2022-09-12 }}</ref>

=== Tourism ===
Since 2010, foreign tourists with [[Inner Line Permit]]s are permitted to visit Nyoma and its monastery.

== Administration ==

=== Nyoma subdivision ===

The permanent civilian habitations under the administration of the Nyoma [[Community Development Block|community development block]] ([[Block (district subdivision)|district subdivision]]) include villages like Nyoma, [[Hanle (village)|Hanle]], [[Koyul]], [[Demchok, Ladakh|Demchok]], Tsaga, Mudh, Rongo, Nyedar, etc.<ref name=highmot3>[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/successive-govts-have-neglected-border-areas-of-ladakh-nyomas-bdc-chair/articleshow/76538870.cms Successive govts have neglected border areas of Ladakh: Nyoma's BDC chair], Economic Times, 24 June 2020.</ref>

=== Nyoma village ===

According to the [[2011 census of India]], Nyoma has 202 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 49.94%.<ref name="census_2011"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Demographics (2011 census)<ref name="census_2011">{{cite news |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/datagov/CDB_PCA_Census/PCA_CDB_0103_F_Census.xls |title=Leh district census |work=[[2011 Census of India]] |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations |access-date=2015-07-23 }}</ref>
! !! Total !! Male !! Female
|-
| Population || 918 || 427 || 491
|-
| Children aged below 6 years || 125 || 63 || 62
|-
| [[Scheduled caste]] || 2 || 0 || 2
|-
| [[Scheduled tribe]] || 707 || 329 || 378
|-
| Literates || 396 || 198 || 198
|-
| Workers (all) || 345 || 212 || 133
|-
| Main workers (total) || 160 || 100 || 60
|-
| Main workers: Cultivators || 40 || 28 || 12
|-
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers || 6 || 1 || 5
|-
| Main workers: Household industry workers || 5 || 4 || 1
|-
| Main workers: Other || 109 || 67 || 42
|-
| Marginal workers (total) || 185 || 112 || 73
|-
| Marginal workers: Cultivators || 13 || 9 || 4
|-
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers || 119 || 68 || 51
|-
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers || 4 || 0 || 4
|-
| Marginal workers: Others || 49 || 35 || 14
|-
| Non-workers || 573 || 215 || 358
|}

==See also==
* [[India-China Border Roads]]
* [[Line of Actual Control]]
* [[List of disputed territories of India]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{citation |title=Gazetteer of Kashmir and Ladak |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.43256/page/n7 |publisher=Superintendent of Government Printing |location=Calcutta |year=1890 |ref={{sfnref|Gazetteer of Kashmir and Ladak|1890}}}}
* {{citation |last=Drew |first=Frederic |title=The Jummoo and Kashmir Territories: A Geographical Account |url=https://archive.org/details/jummooandkashmi00drewgoog/page/n5 |year=1875 |publisher=E. Stanford |via=archive.org |ref={{sfnref|Drew, The Jummoo and Kashmir Territories|1875}}}}

==External links==
{{Commonscatinline}}

{{Leh district}}
{{Ladakh}}
{{Indian Air Force}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}

[[Category:Villages in Nyoma tehsil]]
[[Category:Indian Air Force bases]]

Nyoma - Revision history

220.255.242.109: /* Fiber optical cable for internet & telephony */ per wikiconvention