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{{italic title}}
[[Image:Nichi-Ran jiten - title page.jpg|thumb|160px|right|alt=The title page of Nichi-Ran jiten (日蘭辭典)|The title page with a portrait of P. A. van de Stadt]]
'''''Nichi-Ran jiten''''' (in [[Kyūjitai]]: 日蘭辭典) is a [[Japanese language|Japanese]]–[[Dutch language|Dutch]] dictionary compiled by Peter Adriaan van de Stadt and originally published by the Taiwanese branch of ''Nan'yō Kyōkai'' in 1934. It has about 33,800 entries. As of 2011, a second edition has not been published, but at least one facsimile edition was published in 1989 by the current ''Nan'yō Kyōkai'', now based in [[Tokyo]].

==History==

While the ''Nichi-Ran jiten'' was published only in 1934, its compilation had already been finished in 1925. According to the preface, the compiler, Peter Adriaan van de Stadt, was approached in 1922 by the then Japanese [[consulate general]] Matsumoto in [[Jakarta Old Town|Batavia]] (of the then [[Dutch East Indies]], today [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]]). Matsumoto had seen a Dutch-Japanese pocket dictionary by Van de Stadt (that had been published that same year) and asked Van de Stadt to compile a larger Japanese–Dutch dictionary. Van de Stadt agreed after some persuasion, and completed his work in 1925. However, when he offered the manuscript to the ''Nan'yō Kyōkai'' (the South Sea Association), they told him that the publication was too big a financial risk. Van de Stadt left the manuscript with ''Nan'yō Kyōkai''. Only through the involvement of other parties, it was published nine years later, in 1934.

According to the book's colophon, the 1934 publication was by ''Nan'yō Kyōkai Taiwan shibu'' (in [[Kyūjitai]]: 南洋協會臺灣支部), the branch of Nan'yō Kyōkai in [[Taiwan]] (then part of the [[Japanese Empire]]). Van de Stadt is acknowledged as the sole [[author]]. There never was a second edition. However, a facsimile edition was printed in 1989 by the current Nan'yō Kyōkai (in [[Shinjitai]]: 南洋協会) based in [[Tokyo]].

===Historical context===
Despite almost uninterrupted relations between [[Japan]] and the [[Netherlands]] dating back to 1640 and earlier, the ''Nichi-Ran jiten'' has been the only ''Japanese''–Dutch Dictionary of at least medium size till 2006. On the other hand, efforts to compile a ''Dutch''–Japanese dictionary date back to the period of [[Rangaku]] (the Japanese effort to learn about Western sciences through the Dutch) and lead to two major publications in Japan. The dictionary ''Haruma Wage'' (波留麻和解)<ref>An alternate spelling is ハルマ和解. It stands for ‘Japanese translation of Halma['s dictionary]'. The dictionary is also known as the ‘Edo Haruma' (江戸ハルマ).</ref> was published in 1796–1799. The publication commonly known as the ‘Nagasaki Haruma' (長崎ハルマ) was presented to the [[Shōgun]] in 1833 and published 1855–1858.<ref>The ‘Nagasaki Haruma' is also known as ''Oranda jii'' (和蘭字彙), ''Dūfu Haruma'' (ドゥーフ・ハルマ), and ''Do yaku'' (ド訳).</ref> Both publications were based on François Halma's ''Woordenboek der Nederduitsche en Fransche Taalen'' [dictionary of the Dutch and French languages] (1729). However, when Japan was opened to other countries from 1854 on (with the [[Convention of Kanagawa|Treaty of Peace and Amity]]), [[Rangaku]] became obsolete, and the attention of Japanese scholars switched form Dutch to English. The next medium size Dutch–Japanese dictionary was published almost 150 years later in 1994, by the Japanese publisher Kodansha.<ref>The Kodansha dictionary (Van Sterkenburg ''et al.'', 1994) contains a short but interesting bilingual introduction concerning the background of the dictionary itself and its predecessors, by W. G. J Remmelink (''ibid.'': iii–x).</ref>

==Features==
[[File:Nichi-Ran jiten page.jpg|thumb|page 5 of Nichi-Ran jiten (日蘭辭典)|100px|right|sample page]]

The dictionary contains about 33,800 entries. The entries are alphabetical and spelled in a version of [[Hepburn romanization|modified Hepburn]]. Van de Stadt deviated from current usage of modified Hepburn by not using the apostrophe to indicate the long ''n'' (ん) before a vowel. Sometimes he ignored the special case of ん, other times he used a hyphen (for example, he spelled ''kon'ya'' for 今夜 but ''kon-yaku'' for 婚約).

The Latin spelling of the title word is followed by the Japanese spelling and equivalents or a definition in Dutch (both of course in prewar spelling). Example sentences follow directly the meaning for which they are relevant or are placed all at the end of the entry. Some examples show expressions in ''[[kanbun]]''. Below is a text impression of the entry for ''aida''. A photographic reproduction of a full page can be seen at the right.

<blockquote style="padding: 13px; border: solid 1px #8c8b8a; margin: 12px; margin-right: 150px">
'''aida''' (間) zn. (1) [間隔] ruimte v.; tusschenruimte v.; afstand m. (2) [時間] verloop o. ¶ 間をあける ruimte openlaten. (3) [の間] vz. gedurende; vw. terwijl; onderwijl. ¶ 其間に intusschen. ¶ 間に立つ tusschenin staan. ¶ 七人の間に分ける tusschen (又は onder) zeven menschen verdeelen. ¶ の間は zoo lang als. ¶ 私が留守の間に gedurende mijn afwezigheid; terwijl ik uit was. ¶ 君と僕の間 tusschen ons beiden. ¶ 此間 kort geleden; onlangs. ¶ 御座候間 aangezien
</blockquote>

==Peter Adriaan van de Stadt==

The compiler of the Japanese–Dutch dictionary ''Nichi-Ran jiten'' was Peter Adriaan van de Stadt ([[Arnhem]] March 9, 1876 – [[Jakarta|Batavia]] March 20, 1940). Van de Stadt was trained to be a government official at the [[Leiden University|University of Leiden]] (opleiding tot ambtenaar Chinese zaken [training for civil servant Chinese affairs] 1892–1895). In 1895 he went to the [[Dutch East Indies]]. With the exception of 8 years in service of a private company and 3 years of additional study (1915–1918) Van de Stadt worked as a civil servant. From 1918 on he was adviser for Japanese affairs, in which capacity he read and translated Japanese. He retired in 1932 when his position was abolished as a result of measures of economy (C. J. van de Stadt, 1951:165-166).

Van de Stadt was made officer of the [[Order of Orange-Nassau]] in 1910. Later he received the [[Order of the Rising Sun]] (1925) and the [[Legion of Honor]] (1928) as well. Van de Stadt also compiled the Chinese dictionary ''Hakka woordenboek'', Batavia landsdrukkerij, [[The Hague]], 1912 (''ibid.'').

==Notes==
<references />

==External links==
*[http://www.jiten.nl A searchable photographic version of ''Nichi-Ran jiten'' 日蘭辭典]
*An indexed photographic version of the ''Edo Haruma'' (江戸ハルマ) Dutch–Japanese dictionary (1796–1799) is hosted by the library of the [[Waseda University]]: [http://www.wul.waseda.ac.jp/kosho/bunko08/b08_a0209_all 早稲田大学図書館所蔵江戸ハルマ（蘭和辞書）全文画像]

==References==

*Van de Stadt, P. A. (フアン.デ.スタット). (1934). 日蘭辭典 [''Nichi-Ran jiten'']. 臺北 [Taipei]: 南洋協會臺灣支部 [Nan'yō Kyōkai Taiwan shibu].
*Van de Stadt, C. J. (eds.). (1951). ''Engel van de Stadt, 1746–1819. Zijn voor- en nageslacht'' [Engel van de Stadt, 1746–1819. His ancestors and his descendants]. Den Haag [The Hague].
*Van Sterkenburg, P. G. J. & W. J. Boot ''et al.'' (eds.). (1994). ''Kodansha's Nederlands-Japans Woordenboek''・講談社オランダ語辞典 [''Kodansha Orandago jiten'']. Kodansha・講談社: 東京 [Tokyo], 1994. {{ISBN|4-06-154801-8}}

{{Dictionaries of Japanese}}

[[Category:Japanese dictionaries]]
[[Category:Dutch dictionaries]]
[[Category:Translation dictionaries]]
[[Category:Dutch non-fiction literature]]
[[Category:1934 non-fiction books]]

Nichi-Ran jiten - Revision history

imported>大比叡: added Category:1934 non-fiction books using HotCat