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{{Short description|Type of ancient Middle Eastern pottery}}
'''Negevite pottery''', '''Negev pottery''', '''Negebite ware''', etc. are the names given to a hand-made ware, i.e. without using the [[potter's wheel]], found in Iron Age sites of the [[Negev]] desert,<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=khR0apPid8gC&pg=PA278 Near Eastern Archaeology: A Reader, ed. Suzanne Richard]</ref><ref name=Tebes>{{cite book |last= Avner |first= Uzi |title= Egyptian Timna – Reconsidered |pages= 103–163 [139–40] |editor-last= Tebes |editor-first= Juan Manuel |work= Unearthing the Wilderness: Studies on the History and Archaeology of the Negev and Edom in the Iron Age |publisher= Peeters Publishers |location= Leuven |series= Ancient Near Eastern Studies (ANES) |volume= Supplement 45 |year= 2014 |isbn= 9789042929739 |url= https://www.adssc.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/ANCIENT-NEAR-EASTERN-STUDIES.pdf |access-date= 29 September 2021}}</ref><ref>Meshel, Z. (2002). ''Does Negevite Ware Reflect the Character of Negev Society in the Israelite Period?'' in Aharon Kempinski Memorial Volume: Studies in Archaeology and Related Disciplines (Beer-sheva: Studies by the Department of Bible and Ancient Near East 15), edited by S. Ahituv and E. D. Oren. Beersheba: Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Press.</ref> southern [[Jordan]], and the [[Shfela]] of Israel.<ref>A. Dagan, 'Negebite Pottery beyond the Negev', ''Tel Aviv'' 38 (2011): 208–219.</ref> However, its use was not limited to the Iron Age, starting instead in the Bronze Age and continuing uninterruptedly until the [[Timeline of Palestine|Early Muslim period]].<ref name=Tebes06>{{cite journal |last= Tebes |first= Juan Manuel |title= Iron Age "Negevite" Pottery: A Reassessment |pages= 95–117 [95, 97] |journal=[[Antiguo Oriente]] |location= Buenos Aires |number= 4 |year= 2006 |url= https://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/bitstream/123456789/11842/1/iron-age-negetvite-pottery.pdf |access-date= 29 September 2021}}</ref>

It was produced from coarse clay containing straw and other organic materials. It was discovered by C. [[Leonard Woolley]] and [[T. E. Lawrence]] in the northeastern [[Sinai Peninsula|Sinai]], found again by [[Nelson Glueck]] in [[Tell el-Kheleifeh]], and at last identified by [[Yohanan Aharoni]] as the wares manufactured and used by the people of the desert. Negevite wares show some similarities with [[Midianite pottery]] bowls (in form) and with [[Edomite pottery]] (in decoration).

Negevite cylindrical vessels found at excavations of Iron Age IIA sites in the Negev Highlands represent the largest and most dominant ceramic assemblage of simple-shaped vessels discovered in Israel.<ref>{{cite journal | url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305440306000653 | doi=10.1016/j.jas.2006.03.005 | title=Ancient standards of volume: Negevite Iron Age pottery (Israel) as a case study in 3D modeling | journal=Journal of Archaeological Science | date=December 2006 | volume=33 | issue=12 | pages=1734–1743 | last1=Zapassky | first1=Elena | last2=Finkelstein | first2=Israel | last3=Benenson | first3=Itzhak | bibcode=2006JArSc..33.1734Z | url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==Date and significance==
Negevite pottery has been used in the Negev, without typological changes, from the [[Timeline of Palestine|Early Bronze II and Middle Bronze I ages]] throughout the Early Muslim period.<ref name=Tebes06/> This means that it can not be used independently as a marker for the Iron Age or any other period for that matter, and can itself only be dated indirectly, based on the [[Potter's wheel|wheel-made pottery]] found in the same stratigraphic context, which is mostly non-local and is period-specific.<ref name=Tebes06/>

However, Negevite pottery is found everywhere at Iron Age sites in the Negev and southern Jordan, and constitutes almost the only source of information about the [[Pastoralism|pastoralists]] who lived there, available to the archaeologists.<ref name=Tebes06/> Juan Manuel Tebes suggests that Negevite ware was produced in pastoral households for domestic use, and that the movements of the pastoral groups dictates its geographical distribution.<ref name=Tebes06/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Y. Aharoni, M. Evenari, L. Shanan & N.H. Tadmor. 'The Ancient Desert Agriculture of the Negev, V: An Israelite Agricultural Settlement at Ramat Matred'. ''[[Israel Exploration Journal]]'' 10 (1960): 23–36, 97–111.
* M. Haiman & Y. Goren. 'Negevite' Pottery: New Aspects and Interpretations and the Role of Pastoralism in Designating Ceramic Technology'. In O. Bar-Yosef & A. Khazanov (eds.) ''Pastoralism in the Levant: Archaeological Materials in Anthropological Perspectives''. Monographs in World Archaeology No. 10. Madison, Prehistory Press, 1992, 143–152.
* M.A.S. Martin et al., Iron IIA slag-tempered pottery in the Negev Highlands, Israel', ''[[Journal of Archaeological Science]]'' 40/10 (2013): 3777–3792.
* J.M. Tebes, 'Iron Age 'Negevite' Pottery: A Reassessment', ''[[Antiguo Oriente]]'' 4 (2006): 95–117.
* N. Yahalom-Mack et al., 'Lead isotope analysis of slag-tempered Negev highlands pottery', ''[[Antiguo Oriente]]'' 13 (2015): 83–98.

[[Category:Ancient pottery]]

Negevite pottery - Revision history

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