imported>OAbot: Open access bot: hdl updated in citation with #oabot.

2025-06-09T15:58:11Z

Open access bot: hdl updated in citation with #oabot.

New page

The '''Mustersan''' age is a period of [[geologic time]] (48.0–42.0 [[Mya (unit)|Ma]]) within the [[Eocene]] epoch of the [[Paleogene]], used more specifically within the [[South American land mammal age]] (SALMA) classification. It follows the [[Casamayoran]] and precedes the [[Divisaderan]] age.<ref name=FWMustersan>[http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=displayInterval&interval_no=734 Mustersan] at [[Fossilworks]].org</ref><ref name=Woodburne2013>Woodburne et al., 2013</ref>

== Etymology ==
This age is named after [[Lake Musters]] in the [[Golfo San Jorge Basin]].

== Formations ==
{{Location map+ | South America
| relief = 1
| width = 300
| caption = Locations of Mustersan formations
| places =
{{Location map~ | South America
| lat_deg = -42.8
| lon_deg = -69.9
| mark = Orange pog.svg
| marksize = 10
| link = Andesitas Huancache Formation
}}
{{Location map~ | South America
| lat_deg = -5.5
| lon_deg = -78.6
| mark = Orange pog.svg
| marksize = 10
| link = Chota Formation
}}
{{Location map~ | South America
| lat_deg = -26.1
| lon_deg = -67.4
| mark = Orange pog.svg
| marksize = 10
| link = Geste Formation
}}
{{Location map~ | South America
| lat_deg = -14.6
| lon_deg = -75.9
| mark = Orange pog.svg
| marksize = 10
| link = Paracas Formation
}}
{{Location map~ | South America
| lat_deg = -7.3
| lon_deg = -75.0
| mark = Orange pog.svg
| marksize = 10
| link = Pozo Formation
}}
{{Location map~ | South America
| lat_deg = -13.336667
| lon_deg = -71.741111
| mark = Orange pog.svg
| marksize = 10
| link = Soncco Formation
}}
{{Location map~ | South America
| lat_deg = -37.8
| lon_deg = -66.1
| mark = Orange pog.svg
| marksize = 10
| link = Vaca Mahuida Formation
}}
{{Location map~ | South America
| lat_deg = -41.1
| lon_deg = -70.8
| mark = Orange pog.svg
| marksize = 10
| link = Ventana Formation
}}
{{Location map~ | South America
| lat_deg = -9.5
| lon_deg = -72.8
| mark = Orange pog.svg
| marksize = 10
| link = Yahuarango Formation
}}
{{Location map~ | South America
| lat_deg = -44.4
| lon_deg = -68.8
| mark = Orange pog.svg
| marksize = 14
| link = Sarmiento Formation
}}
}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Formation {{small|bold is type}}
! Country
! Basin
! class=unsortable | Notes
|-
| '''[[Sarmiento Formation]]''' || {{ARG}} || [[Golfo San Jorge Basin]] || {{center|<ref name=Dozo_p241>Dozo et al., 2014, p.241</ref><ref name=Acosta2005_p128>Acosta & Tambussi, 2005, p.128</ref>}}
|-
| [[Abanico Formation]] || {{CHL}} || [[Abanico Basin]] || {{center|<ref name=Godoy2012>Godoy et al., 2012</ref><ref name=Munoz2012>Muñoz et al., 2006</ref>}}
|-
| [[Andesitas Huancache Formation]] || {{ARG}} || [[Golfo San Jorge Basin]] || {{center|<ref name=Tejedor2009_p6>Tejedor et al., 2009, p.6</ref>}}
|-
| [[Chota Formation]] || {{PER}} || [[Bagua Basin]] || {{center|<ref name=Chacaltana_p2>Chacaltana et al., 2015, p.2</ref><ref name=CastroMedina2010_p53>Castro Medina, 2010, p.53</ref>}}
|-
| [[Geste Formation]] || {{ARG}} || [[Puna de Atacama|Puna Plateau]] || {{center|<ref name=Ciancio2016_p577>Ciancio et al., 2016, p.577</ref><ref name=LopezBond1995_p92>López & Bond, 1995, p.92</ref>}}
|-
| [[Paracas Formation]] || {{PER}} || [[Pisco Basin]] || {{center|<ref name=Clarke2007_p11545>Clarke et al., 2007, p.11545</ref>}}
|-
| [[Pozo Formation]] || {{PER}} || [[Ucayali Basin]] || {{center|<ref name=Antoine2016_p56>Antoine et al., 2016, p.56</ref><ref name=CastroMedina2010_p54>Castro Medina, 2010, p.54</ref>}}
|-
| [[Soncco Formation]] || {{PER}} || [[Cordillera Oriental (Peru)|Eastern Peruvian Andes]] || {{center|<ref name=Carlotto_p522>Carlotto, 2016, p.522</ref>}}
|-
| [[Vaca Mahuida Formation]] || {{ARG}} || [[Neuquén Basin]] || {{center|<ref name=FWShelania>[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=37439 ''Shelania''] at [[Fossilworks]].org</ref>}}
|-
| [[Ventana Formation]] || {{ARG}} || [[Neuquén Basin]] || {{center|<ref name=Wilf2005>Wilf et al., 2005</ref>}}
|-
| [[Yahuarango Formation]] - [[Santa Rosa local fauna|Santa Rosa fauna]] || {{PER}} || [[Ucayali Basin]] || {{center|<ref name=Campbell2004_p13>Campbell et al., 2014, p.13</ref><ref name=CastroMedina2010_p53>Castro Medina, 2010, p.53</ref>}}
|-
|}
{{clear}}

== Fossils ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Group
! Fossils
! Formation
! class=unsortable | Notes
|-
| rowspan=5 | Mammals || ''[[Antepithecus|Antepithecus brachystephanus]]'', ''[[Guilielmoscottia|Guilielmoscottia plicifera]]'', ''[[Kramadolops|Kramadolops mayoi]]'', ''[[Propyrotherium|Propyrotherium saxeum]]'', ''[[Pseudhyrax|Pseudhyrax eutrachytheroides]]'', ''[[Eomorphippus|Eomorphippus sp.]]'' || [[Sarmiento Formation|Sarmiento]] || {{center|<ref name=FWLaGranHondonada>[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=38879 La Gran Hondonada] at [[Fossilworks]].org</ref><ref name=FWSierraChaira>[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=186802 Sierra Chaira] at [[Fossilworks]].org</ref>}}
|-
| ''[[Chlorocyon|Chlorocyon phantasma]]'', ''[[Ignigena|Ignigena minisculus]]'', ''[[Ernestokokenia|aff. Ernestokokenia sp.]]'', [[Borhyaenidae indet.]], [[Oldfieldthomasiidae|Oldfieldthomasiidae indet.]] || [[Abanico Formation|Abanico]] || {{center|<ref name=Engelman2018>Engelman et al., 2018</ref><ref name=FWTapado>[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=38880 Tapado] at [[Fossilworks]].org</ref>}}
|-
| ''[[Archaeopithecus|Archaeopithecus cf. rogeri]]'', ''[[Asmithwoodwardia|Asmithwoodwardia subtrigona]]'', ''[[Bardalestes|Bardalestes hunco]]'', ''[[Gashternia|Gashternia ctalehor]]'', ''[[Greniodon|Greniodon sylvaticus]]'', ''[[Henricosbornia|Henricosbornia lophodonta]]'', ''[[Homalostylops|Homalostylops parvus]]'', ''[[Palangania|Palangania cf. brandmayri]]'', ''[[Polydolops|Polydolops rothi]]'', ''[[Polydolops|P. unicus]]'', ''[[Prostegotherium|Prostegotherium cf. astrifer]]'', ''[[Amphidolops|Amphidolops sp.]]'', ''[[Marmosopsis|Marmosopsis sp.]]'', ''[[Notostylops|Notostylops sp.]]'', ''[[Pauladelphys|Pauladelphys sp.]]'', ''[[Protodidelphis|Protodidelphis sp.]]'', ''[[Riostegotherium|Riostegotherium sp.]]'', ''[[Stegosimpsonia|Stegosimpsonia sp.]]'', [[Borhyaeninae|Borhyaeninae indet.]], [[Caroloameghiniinae|Caroloameghiniinae indet.]], [[Hathlyacininae|Hathlyacininae indet.]] || [[Andesitas Huancache Formation|Andesitas Huancache]] || {{center|<ref name=GoinetalGreniodon2012>Goin et al., 2012</ref><ref name=FWLaBarda>[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=133039 La Barda] at [[Fossilworks]].org</ref>}}
|-
| ''[[Antofagastia|Antofagastia turneri]]'', ''[[Bonapartherium|Bonapartherium serrensis]]'', ''[[Parastegosimpsonia|Parastegosimpsonia cf. peruana]]'', ''[[Parutaetus|Parutaetus punaensis]]'', ''[[Prostegotherium|Prostegotherium notostylopianum]]'', ''[[Pucatherium|Pucatherium parvum]]'', ''[[Punadolops|Punadolops alonsoi]]'', ''[[Punahyrax|Punahyrax bondesioi]]'', ''[[Punapithecus|Punapithecus minor]]'', ''[[Punatherium|Punatherium catamarquensis]]'', ''[[Reigia|Reigia punae]]'', ''[[Suniodon|Suniodon catamarcensis]]'', ''[[Astegotherium|Astegotherium sp.]]'', ''[[Callistoe|Callistoe sp.]]'', ''[[Colbertia|Colbertia sp.]]'', ''[[Ernestokokenia|cf. Ernestokokenia sp.]]'', ''[[Pampahippus|cf. Pampahippus sp.]]'', ''[[Propyrotherium|Propyrotherium sp.]]'', ''[[Utaetus|cf. Utaetus sp.]]'', [[Astrapotheriidae|Astrapotheriidae indet.]], [[Interatheriidae|Interatheriidae indet.]], [[Isotemnidae|Isotemnidae indet.]], [[Litopterna|Litopterna indet.]], [[Notohippidae|Notohippidae indet.]], [[Notostylopidae|Notostylopidae indet.]], [[Notoungulata|Notoungulata indet.]], [[Oldfieldthomasiidae|Oldfieldthomasiidae indet.]], [[Typotheria|Typotheria indet.]] || [[Geste Formation|Geste]] || {{center|<ref name=Cianco2016>Ciancio et al., 2016</ref><ref name=GarciaBabot2014>García López & Babot, 2014</ref> <ref name=FWGesteAntofagastaSierra>[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=41608 Antofagasta de la Sierra] at [[Fossilworks]].org</ref><ref name=FWGesteSalar>[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=175809 Pozuelos salt flat, Quebrada El Paso] at [[Fossilworks]].org</ref>}}
|-
| ''[[Eobranisamys|Eobranisamys riverai]]'', ''[[Eobranisamys|E. romeropittmanae]]'', ''[[Eodelphomys|Eodelphomys almeidacomposi]]'', ''[[Eoespina|Eoespina woodi]]'', ''[[Eoincamys|Eoincamys ameghinoi]]'', ''[[Eoincamys|E. pascuali]]'', ''[[Eopicure|Eopicure kraglievichi]]'', ''[[Eopululo|Eopululo wigmorei]]'', ''[[Eosachacui|Eosachacui lavocati]]'', ''[[Eosallamys|Eosallamys paulacoutoi]]'', ''[[Eosallamys|E. simpsoni]]'', ''[[Hondonadia|Hondonadia pittmanae]]'', ''[[Incadolops|Incadolops ucayali]]'', ''[[Kirutherium|Kirutherium paititiensis]]'', ''[[Kiruwamaq|Kiruwamaq chisu]]'', ''[[Micoureus|Micoureus laventicus]]'', ''[[Parastegosimpsonia|Parastegosimpsonia peruana]]'', ''[[Patene|Patene campbelli]]'', ''[[Perulestes|Perulestes cardichi]]'', ''[[Perulestes|P. fraileyi]]'', ''[[Perupithecus|Perupithecus ucayaliensis]]'', ''[[Rumiodon|Rumiodon inti]]'', ''[[Sasawatsu|Sasawatsu mahaynaq]]'', ''[[Wamradolops|Wamradolops tsullodon]]'', ''[[Wirunodon|Wirunodon chanku]]'', ''[[Yuruatherium|Yuruatherium tropicalis]]'', ''[[Guiomys|Guiomys sp.]]'', ''[[Scleromys|Scleromys sp.]]'', ''[[Sipalocyon|Sipalocyon sp.]]'', ''[[Microsteiromys|cf. Microsteiromys sp.]]'', [[Acaremyidae|Acaremyidae indet.]], [[Chiroptera|Chiroptera indet.]], [[Gondwanatheria|?Gondwanatheria indet.]], [[Glyptodontinae|Glyptodontinae indet.]], [[Hystricognatha|Hystricognatha indet.]], [[Interatheriinae|Interatheriinae indet.]], [[Notohippidae|cf. Notohippidae indet.]] || [[Yahuarango Formation|Yahuarango]] || {{center|<ref name=BondPeru2015>Bond et al., 2015</ref><ref name=CiancioParastegosimpsonia2012>Ciancio et al., 2012</ref> <ref name=FWSantaRosafauna>[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=149523 Santa Rosa fauna] at [[Fossilworks]].org</ref><ref name=FWMD67>[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=144513 MD-67] at [[Fossilworks]].org</ref>}}
|-
| rowspan=3 | Birds || ''[[Perudyptes|Perudyptes devriesi]]'' || [[Paracas Formation|Paracas]] || {{center|<ref name=FWQuebradaPerdida>[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=73817 Quebrada Perdida] at [[Fossilworks]].org</ref>}}
|-
| [[Psilopteridae|Psilopteridae indet.]] || [[Sarmiento Formation|Sarmiento]] || {{center|<ref name=FWLaGranHondonada/>}}
|-
| [[Presbyornithidae|Presbyornithidae indet.]] || [[Vaca Mahuida Formation|Vaca Mahuida]] || {{center|<ref name=FWVacaMahuida>[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=45418 Vaca Mahuida Facies] at [[Fossilworks]].org</ref>}}
|-
| rowspan=3 | Reptiles & amphibians || [[Boidae|Boidae indet.]], [[Sebecidae|Sebecidae indet.]], [[Testudines|Testudines indet.]] || [[Geste Formation|Geste]] || {{center|<ref name=FWGesteAntofagastaSierra/>}}
|-
| ''[[Shelania|Shelania laurenti]]'' || [[Vaca Mahuida Formation|Vaca Mahuida]] || {{center|<ref name=FWShelania/>}}
|-
| [[Boinae|Boinae indet.]] || [[Sarmiento Formation|Sarmiento]] || {{center|<ref name=FWLaGranHondonada/>}}
|-
| [[Insect]]s || ''[[Acanthocephalonotum|Acanthocephalonotum martinsnetoi]]'', ''[[Archimyrmex|Archimyrmex piatnitzkyi]]'', ''[[Archimyrmex|A. smekali]]'', ''[[Madres|Madres delpueblo]]'', ''[[Atalophlebia|?Atalophlebia sp.]]'', [[Stratiomyidae|Stratiomyidae indet.]] || [[Ventana Formation|Ventana]] || {{center|<ref name=FWConfluencia>[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=138697 Confluencia locality] at [[Fossilworks]].org</ref><ref name=FWRP3>[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=157776 Quarry RP3, Río Pichileufú] at [[Fossilworks]].org</ref> <ref name=FWPichi>[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=138647 Pilcaniyeu road, near Río Pichileufú] at [[Fossilworks]].org</ref>}}
|-
| [[Flora]] || ''[[Agathis zamunerae]]'', ''[[Atherospermophyllum|Atherospermophyllum guinazui]]'', ''[[Embothrium precoccineum]]'' , ''[[Embothrium pregrandiflorum|?Embothrium pregrandiflorum]]'', ''[[Fagus subferruginea]]'', ''[[Lomatia preferruginea]]'', ''[[Retrophyllum spiralifolium]]'', ''[[Blechnum|Blechnum sp.]]'' || [[Ventana Formation|Ventana]] || {{center|<ref name=Wilf2005 /><ref name=FWRP3dup>[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=197640 Río Pichileufú: quarry RP3 MEC dup] at [[Fossilworks]].org</ref> <ref name=FWRioPichileufu>[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=153416 Río Pichileufú] at [[Fossilworks]].org</ref><ref name=FWCerroCoihue>[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=136410 Cerro Coihué] at [[Fossilworks]].org</ref>}}
|-
|}

== See also ==

* [[Lake Musters]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
;General
* {{citation |last1=Woodburne |first1=M.O. |last2=Goin |first2=F.J. |last3=Bond |first3=M. |last4=Carlini |first4=A.A. |last5=Gelfo |first5=J.N. |last6=López |first6=G.M. |last7=Iglesias |first7=A. |last8=Zimicz |first8=A.N. |year=2013 |title=Paleogene Land Mammal Faunas of South America; a Response to Global Climatic Changes and Indigenous Floral Diversity |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257591980 |journal=[[Journal of Mammalian Evolution]] |volume=21 |pages=1–73 |doi=10.1007/s10914-012-9222-1 |accessdate=2019-02-15|hdl=11336/31253 |hdl-access=free }}

;Sarmiento Formation
* {{citation |last1=Acosta Hospitaleche |first1=Carolina |last2=Tambussi |first2=Claudia |year=2005 |title=Phorusrhacidae Psilopterinae (Aves) en la Formación Sarmiento de la localidad de Gran Hondonada (Eoceno Superior), Patagonia, Argentina [Phorusrhacidae Psilopterinae (Birds) in the Sarmiento Formation from the Gran Hondonada locality (Upper Eocene), Patagonia, Argentina |url=http://www.sepaleontologia.es/revista/anteriores/REP%20%282005%29%20vol.%2020/2/01.%20Acosta%20&%20Tambussi.pdf |journal=[[Revista Española de Paleontología]] |volume=20 |pages=127–132 |accessdate=2018-09-10}}
* {{citation |last1=Dozo |first1=María Teresa |last2=Ciancio |first2=Martín |last3=Bouza |first3=Pablo |last4=Martínez |first4=Gastón |year=2014 |title=Nueva asociación de mamíferos del Paleógeno en el este de la Patagonia (provincia de Chubut, Argentina): implicancias biocronológicas y paleobiogeográficas |url=http://www.scielo.cl/pdf/andgeol/v41n1/art09.pdf |journal=[[Andean Geology]] |volume=41 |pages=224–247 |doi=10.5027/andgeoV41n1-a09 |accessdate=2017-08-15}}
* {{citation |last1=Pérez |first1=María Encarnación |last2=Krause |first2=Marcelo |last3=Vucetich |first3=María Guiomar |year=2012 |title=A new species of ''Chubutomys'' (Rodentia, Hystricognathi) from the late Oligocene of Patagonia and its implications on the early evolutionary history of Cavioidea sensu stricto |doi=10.1016/j.geobios.2012.06.001 |journal=[[Geobios]] |volume=45 |issue=6 |pages=573–580 |bibcode=2012Geobi..45..573P }}
* {{citation |last1=Shockey |first1=Bruce J. |last2=Flynn |first2=John J. |author3-link=Darin A. Croft |last3=Croft |first3=Darin A. |last4=Gans |first4=Phillip |last5=Wyss |first5=André R. |year=2012 |title=New leontiniid Notoungulata (Mammalia) from Chile and Argentina : comparative anatomy, character analysis, and phylogenetic hypotheses |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232690741 |journal=[[American Museum Novitates]] |issue=3737 |pages=1–64 |doi=10.1206/3737.2 |accessdate=2019-02-15}}
* {{citation |last1=Sterli |first1=Juliana |last2=De la Fuente |first2=Marcelo S. |last3=Krause |first3=J. Marcelo |year=2015 |title=A new turtle from the Palaeogene of Patagonia (Argentina) sheds new light on the diversity and evolution of the bizarre clade of horned turtles (Meiolaniidae, Testudinata) |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280972149 |journal=[[Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society]] |volume=174 |issue=3 |pages=519–548 |doi=10.1111/zoj.12252 |accessdate=2019-02-13|hdl=11336/41594 |hdl-access=free }}
* {{citation |last1=Wyss |first1=André R. |last2=Flynn |first2=John J. |author3-link=Darin A. Croft |last3=Croft |first3=Darin A. |year=2018 |title=New Paleogene notohippids and leontiniids (Toxodontia; Notoungulata; Mammalia) from the Early Oligocene Tinguiririca Fauna of the Andean Main Range, central Chile |url=http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/6901 |journal=[[Journal of South American Earth Sciences]] |volume=3903 |pages=1–42 |hdl=2246/6901 |accessdate=2019-02-11}}

;Abanico Formation
* {{citation |last1=Bertrand |first1=Ornella C. |last2=Flynn |first2=John J. |author3-link=Darin A. Croft |last3=Croft |first3=Darin A. |last4=Wyss |first4=André R. |year=2012 |title=Two new taxa (Caviomorpha, Rodentia) from the early Oligocene Tinguiririca fauna (Chile) |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262523787 |journal=[[American Museum Novitates]] |issue=3750 |pages=1–36 |doi=10.1206/3750.2 |accessdate=2019-02-15}}
* {{citation |last1=Bradham |first1=Jennifer |last2=Flynn |first2=John J. |author3-link=Darin A. Croft |last3=Croft |first3=Darin A. |last4=Wyss |first4=Andre R. |year=2015 |title=New notoungulates (Notostylopidae and basal toxodontians) from the early Oligocene Tinguiririca fauna of the Andean Main Range, central Chile |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284141601 |journal=[[American Museum Novitates]] |issue=3841 |pages=1–24 |doi=10.1206/3841.1 |accessdate=2019-02-13}}
* {{citation |last1=Croft |first1=Darin A. |last2=Flynn |first2=John J. |last3=Wyss |first3=André R. |year=2008 |title=The Tinguiririca fauna of Chile and the early stages of "modernization" of South American mammal faunas |url=http://www.museunacional.ufrj.br/publicacoes/wp-content/arquivos/Arqs%2066%20n%201%20p%20191-211%20Croft%20et%20al.pdf |journal=[[Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro]] |volume=66 |pages=191–211 |accessdate=2019-02-12 |author1-link=Darin A. Croft }}
* {{citation |last1=Engelman |first1=Russell K. |last2=Flynn |first2=John J. |last3=Gans |first3=Philip |last4=Wyss |first4=André R. |author5-link=Darin A. Croft |last5=Croft |first5=Darin A. |year=2018 |title=''Chlorocyon phantasma'', a late Eocene borhyaenoid (Mammalia, Metatheria, Sparassodonta) from the Los Helados locality, Andean Main Range, central Chile |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329976567 |journal=American Museum Novitates |issue=3918 |pages=1–22 |doi=10.1206/3918.1 |accessdate=2019-02-11}}
* {{citation |last=Godoy |first=Estanislao |year=2012 |title=Sobre el variable marco geotectónico de las formaciones Abanico y Farellones y sus equivalentes al sur de los 35°LS |url=http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0004-48222012000400008 |journal=[[Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina]] |volume=69 |pages=570–577 |accessdate=2017-08-15}}
* {{citation |last1=Muñoz |first1=Marcia |last2=Fuentes |first2=Francisco |last3=Vergara |first3=Mario |last4=Aguirre |first4=Luis |last5=Nyström |first5=Jan Olov |last6=Féraud |first6=Gilbert |last7=Demant |first7=Alain |year=2006 |title=Abanico East Formation: petrology and geochemistry of volcanic rocks behind the Cenozoic arc front in the Andean Cordillera, central Chile (33°50'S) |url=http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-02082006000100005 |journal=[[Andean Geology|Revista Geológica de Chile]] |volume=33 |pages=109–140 |doi=10.4067/S0716-02082006000100005 |accessdate=2017-08-15|hdl=10533/177368 |hdl-access=free }}

;Andesitas Huancache Formation
* {{citation |last1=Goin |first1=Francisco J. |last2=Tejedor |first2=Marcelo F. |last3=Chornogubsky |first3=Laura |last4=López |first4=Guillermo M. |last5=Gelfo |first5=Javier N. |last6=Bond |first6=Mariano |last7=Woodburne |first7=Michael O. |last8=Gurovich |first8=Yamila |last9=Reguero |first9=Marcelo |year=2012 |title=Persistence of a Mesozoic, non-therian mammalian lineage (Gondwanatheria) in the mid-Paleogene of Patagonia |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/224957258 |journal=[[Naturwissenschaften]] |volume=99 |issue=6 |pages=449–463 |doi=10.1007/s00114-012-0919-z |pmid=22584426 |bibcode=2012NW.....99..449G |accessdate=2019-02-15}}
* {{citation |last=Tejedor |first=Marcelo F. |year=2009 |title=New Early Eocene Mammalian Fauna from Western Patagonia, Argentina |url=https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/20519/1/KPIM_CARL-AA_2009-2.pdf |journal=[[American Museum Novitates]] |issue=3638 |pages=1–43 |doi=10.1206/577.1 |accessdate=2018-09-11}}

;Chota Formation
* {{citation |last1=Chacaltana |first1=César |last2=Benites Cañote |first2=Alexandra Lucytania |last3=Valdivia |first3=Waldir |last4=Chumpitaz |first4=Marco |year=2014 |title=La formación Chota en la Cuenca Bagua: Evaluación e implicancias del criterio de clasificación litoestratigráfico |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281715230 |publisher=Congreso Peruano de Geología |pages=1–4 |accessdate=2017-08-15}}

;Geste Formation
* {{citation |last1=Ciancio |first1=Martín R |last2=Herrera |first2=Claudia |last3=Aramayo |first3=Alejandro |last4=Payrola |first4=Patricio |last5=Babot |first5=Judith |year=2016 |title=Diversity of cingulate xenarthrans in the middle–late Eocene of Northwestern Argentina |url=https://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app61/app002082015.pdf |journal=[[Acta Palaeontologica Polonica]] |volume=61 |pages=575–590 |doi=10.4202/app.00208.2015 |accessdate=2018-09-10}}
* {{citation |last1=García López |first1=D.A. |last2=Babot |first2=M.J. |year=2014 |title=Notoungulate faunas of north-western Argentina: new findings of early-diverging forms from the Eocene Geste Formation |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268631867 |journal=[[Journal of Systematic Palaeontology]] |volume=13 |issue=7 |pages=557–579 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2014.930527 |accessdate=2019-02-12}}
* {{citation |last1=López |first1=Guillermo |last2=Bond |first2=Mariano |year=1995 |title=Un nuevo Notopithecinae (Notoungulata, Typotheria) del Terciario Inferior de la Puna argentina [A new Notopithecinae (Notoungulata, Typotheria) of Lower Tertiary from the argentinian Puna] |url=http://revistas.usal.es/index.php/0211-8327/article/viewFile/3878/3893 |journal=STVD. Geol. Salmant. |volume=31 |pages=87–99 |accessdate=2018-09-10}}

;Paracas Formation
* {{citation |last1=Clarke |first1=Julia A. |last2=Ksepka |first2=Daniel T. |last3=Stucchi |first3=Marcelo |last4=Urbina |first4=Mario |last5=Giannini |first5=Norberto |last6=Bertelli |first6=Sara |last7=Narváez |first7=Yanina |last8=Boyd |first8=Clint A. |year=2007 |title=Paleogene equatorial penguins challenge the proposed relationship between penguin biogeography, body size evolution, and Cenozoic climate change |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6235366 |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences]] |volume=104 |issue=28 |pages=11545–11550 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0611099104 |doi-access=free |pmid=17601778 |pmc=1913862 |accessdate=2017-08-15}}

;Pozo Formation
* {{citation |last1=Antoine |first1=P.O. |last2=Marivaux |first2=L. |author3-link=Darin A. Croft |last3=Croft |first3=D.A. |last4=Billet |first4=G. |last5=Ganerod |first5=M. |author6-link=Carlos Jaramillo (geologist) |last6=Jaramillo |first6=C. |last7=Martin |first7=T. |last8=Orliac |first8=M. |last9=Tejada, A. J. Altamirano, F. Duranthon, G. Fanjat, S. Rousse and R. Salas Gismondi |first9=J. |year=2011 |title=Middle Eocene rodents from Peruvian Amazonia reveal the pattern and timing of caviomorph origins and biogeography |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/51713935 |journal=[[Proceedings of the Royal Society B]] |volume=279 |issue=1732 |pages=1319–1326 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2011.1732 |pmid=21993503 |pmc=3282368 |accessdate=2019-02-14}}
* {{citation |last1=Boivin |first1=Myriam |last2=Marivaux |first2=Laurent |last3=Orliac |first3=Maëva J. |last4=Pujos |first4=François |last5=Salas Gismondi |first5=Rodolfo |last6=Tejada Lara |first6=Julia V. |last7=Antoine |first7=Pierre-Olivier |year=2017 |title=Late middle Eocene caviomorph rodents from Contamana, Peruvian Amazonia |url=http://palaeo-electronica.org/content/2017/1822-eocene-amazonian-caviomorphs |journal=[[Palaeontologia Electronica]] |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=Article number 20.1.19A |accessdate=2019-02-12}}

;Soncco Formation
* {{citation |last=Carlotto |first=Víctor |year=2016 |title=Dataciones por trazas de fisión en los depósitos continentales terciarios de la Región de Cusco |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237205750 |publisher=XIII Congreso Peruano de Geología |pages=521–524 |accessdate=2017-08-15}}

;Vaca Mahuida Formation
* {{citation |last1=Montalvo |first1=C. |last2=Bond |first2=M. |year=1998 |title=Un notoungulata de la Formación Vaca Mahuida (Eoceno), provincia de La Pampa, Argentina |url=http://www.peapaleontologica.org.ar/index.php/peapa/article/view/177/183 |journal=Asociación Paleontológica Argentina, Publicación Especial |volume=5 |pages=55–60 |accessdate=2019-02-15}}

;Ventana Formation
* {{citation |last1=Petrulevicius |first1=J.F. |last2=Popov |first2=Y.A. |year=2014 |title=First fossil record of Discocephalinae (Insecta, Pentatomidae): a new genus from the middle Eocene of Río Pichileufú, Patagonia, Argentina |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264245642 |journal=[[ZooKeys]] |issue=422 |pages=23–3 |doi=10.3897/zookeys.422.6750 |doi-access=free |pmid=25061387 |pmc=4109444 |bibcode=2014ZooK..422...23P |accessdate=2019-02-22}}
* {{citation |last1=Wilf |first1=P. |last2=Johnson |first2=K.R. |last3=Cúneo |first3=N.R. |last4=Smith |first4=M.E. |last5=Singer |first5=B.S. |last6=Gandolfo |first6=M.A. |year=2005 |title=Eocene Plant Diversity at Laguna del Hunco and Río Pichileufú, Patagonia, Argentina |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312253100 |journal=[[The American Naturalist]] |volume=165 |issue=6 |pages=634–650 |doi=10.1086/430055 |pmid=15937744 |accessdate=2019-02-22}}

;Yahuarango Formation
* {{citation |last1=Bond |first1=Mariano |last2=Tejedor |first2=Marcelo F. |last3=Campbell Jr. |first3=Kenneth E. |last4=Chornogubsky |first4=Laura |last5=Novo |first5=Nelson |last6=Goin |first6=Francisco |year=2015 |title=Eocene primates of South America and the African origins of New World monkeys |url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v520/n7548/abs/nature14120.html |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=520 |issue=7548 |pages=538–546 |doi=10.1038/nature14120 |pmid=25652825 |bibcode=2015Natur.520..538B |accessdate=2017-09-24|hdl=11336/79088 |hdl-access=free }}
* {{citation |last1=Campbell |first1=K.E. |last2=Frailey |first2=C.D. |last3=Romero Pittman |first3=L. |year=2004 |title=The Paleogene Santa Rosa Local Fauna of Amazonian Perú: Geographic and Geologic Setting |url=https://nhm.org/site/sites/default/files/pdf/contrib_science/SS-40.pdf |journal=Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Series |volume=40 |pages=1–164 |accessdate=2019-02-15}}
* {{citation |last1=Ciancio |first1=Martín Ricardo |last2=Carlini |first2=Alfredo A. |last3=Campbell |first3=Kenneth E. |last4=Scillato Yané |first4=Gustavo J. |year=2013 |title=New Palaeogene cingulates (Mammalia, Xenarthra) from Santa Rosa, Perú and their importance in the context of South American faunas |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233992936 |journal=[[Journal of Systematic Palaeontology]] |volume=11 |issue=6 |pages=727–741 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2012.704949 |bibcode=2013JSPal..11..727C |hdl=11336/23283 |accessdate=2019-02-15|hdl-access=free }}

{{SALMA}}

[[Category:Mustersan| ]]
[[Category:Eocene South America]]
[[Category:Paleogene Argentina]]

Mustersan - Revision history

imported>OAbot: Open access bot: hdl updated in citation with #oabot.