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{{Short description|Separatist political party in the Italian island of Sicily (1943-51)}}
{{about|a specific political party|the general Sicilian independence movement|Sicilian nationalism|the modern-day club|Movement for the Independence of Sicily (2004)}}
{{Infobox political party
| country = Italy
| name = Movement for the Independence of Sicily
| native_name = Movimento per l'Indipendenza della Sicilia
| logo = Sicily Triskelion.svg
| logo_size = 150px
| leader = [[Andrea Finocchiaro Aprile]]
| foundation = {{start date|1943|7|10|df=y}}
| dissolution = {{end date|1951|6|4|df=y}}
| newspaper =
| membership =
| membership_year =
| headquarters = [[Palermo]]
| ideology = [[Sicilian nationalism]]<br>[[Separatism]]<br>[[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]
| abbreviation = MIS
| colours =
| flag = [[File:EVIS flag.svg|150px]]
| colorcode = {{party color|Movement for the Independence of Sicily}}
}}

The '''Movement for the Independence of Sicily''' ({{langx|it|Movimento per l'Indipendenza della Sicilia}}, {{langx|scn|Muvimentu pâ Nnipinnenza dâ Sicilia}}, MIS) was a [[separatism|separatist]] [[Sicily|Sicilian]] [[political party]] originally active in [[Sicily]] from 1943 to 1951. Its best electoral result was in 1947, when it won 8.8% of the votes in the Sicilian regional election and had nine regional deputies elected.

The party was supported by Sicilians from a very wide of political stances: both [[Conservatism|conservatives]] and [[Socialism|socialists]] were involved at some point. The purpose was first to gain independence for Sicily. Once this was accomplished MIS planned to sort out the politics of the island themselves, with the movement splintering to found new Sicilian political parties with their own personal stances.

==History==
The movement was founded in September 1942 as '''Committee for the Independence of Sicily''' (''Comitato per l'Indipendenza della Sicilia'', ''CIS'') finding inspiration in the [[Sicilian Vespers]], with [[Andrea Finocchiaro Aprile]] serving as its first president. The movement included members of very different political views, such as revolutionary [[socialist]] [[Antonio Canepa]], [[social-democrat]] [[Giovanni Guarino Amella]], right-wing people, most of them aristocrats, such as baron [[Lucio Tasca di Bordonaro|Lucio Tasca]] and duke [[Guglielmo Paternò]], and members with close ties to [[Sicilian Mafia|the Mafia]], as well as outright Mafiosi such as [[Calogero Vizzini]].
The movement gained presence and support following the [[Armistice with Italy|Armistice of Cassibile]] of 8 September 1943, which forced Italy to abandon the island, while the U.S. troops still were on the verge of completing the [[US invasion of Sicily|military occupation of Sicily]]. In October 1943, Finocchiaro Aprile asked the King of Italy [[Victor Emmanuel III]] to abdicate, and successively gained support to his cause from about ten Sicilian deputies. In the spring of 1944, the CIS was disbanded and the Movement for the Independence of Sicily (MIS) was founded. During those days, the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]] prohibited any kind of political activity, but tolerated the existence of the MIS. Several politicians with strong ties with the Mafia, such as [[Calogero Vizzini]] and [[Calogero Volpe]], joined the MIS; however, all of them soon later left the MIS in order to join the newborn Italian parties, such as the [[Christian Democracy (Italy)|Christian Democracy]].

In the fall of 1944, during the first congress held in [[Taormina]], the MIS decided to arm itself under pushes from its more radical members. The EVIS (''Esercito Volontario per l'Indipendenza della Sicilia'', Volunteer Army for the Independence of Sicily) was founded, and its operations led the Italian central government to send its troops in Sicily. On 17 June 1945, following an armed clash with the [[Carabinieri]], Antonio Canepa, head of the EVIS, was murdered.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/it_sic.html|title=Sicily - Historical Flags (Italy)|website=www.crwflags.com}}</ref>

After the end of [[World War II]], a special council started working on a [[Statute of Sicily|special autonomy statute for Sicily]], which was approved by King [[Umberto II of Italy]] on 15 May 1946, and was finally approved by the Italian parliament on 26 February 1948. The bandit [[Salvatore Giuliano]] joined it.

In the [[1946 Italian general election|1946 general election]], MIS obtained 0.7% of national votes (8.8% of votes in Sicily), and four seats, including its leader Finocchiaro Aprile. During the 1947 congress, [[Antonino Varvaro]], former secretary and leading member of the left wing, was expelled from the party by a majority. The reasons remained unknown. Following these events, Varvaro founded a rival independentist movement, MISDR, which did not achieve much success and disbanded soon. In the first Sicilian elections held in 1947, MIS obtained about 9% of votes, and eight seats. However, the movement lost all its seats following the [[1948 Italian general election|1948 general election]] and the 1951 regional election. Soon after the latter, Finocchiaro Aprile and several other members resigned from MIS and the movement entered into a sort of political hiatus, never being formally disbanded.

=== Sicilian Independence Movement today ===
The Sicilian independence movement continued to live thanks to Rosario Fasanaro, historical independence pioneer of the movement in [[Catania]], then Regional Secretary until 27 January 2004, the year of his death.

On 22 April 2004 an association was formed called ''movimento per l'Indipendenza della Sicilia,'' which refers directly to the experience of the MIS of the 1940s. On 11 May 2009, during a press conference, the leaders of ''the Movement'' gave the honorary member card to the then President of the Sicilian Region [[Raffaele Lombardo]] the following motivation: "For having placed himself at the service of the "autonomist cause" and for helping to awaken the identity and pride of the [[Sicilians|Sicilian People]]", fearing the hypothesis of an alliance with the Movement for Autonomies, of which Lombardo himself is the leader. Alliance that has not been followed.

In November 2016, a new name was created, ''Movimento Nazionale Siciliano'', between three Sicilian groups: ''Movimento per l'Indipendenza della Sicilia'', ''Fronte Nazionale Siciliano'', and ''Sicilia Nazione'' in these elections, but which did not present its own lists in the regional elections of November 2017.

The independentist Massimo Cirano, belonging to the "Archimedes Section" of the MIS presented himself in April 2019, with his symbol and list, to the administrative authorities of [[Bagheria|the municipality of Bagheria]] obtaining 1160 votes.

== Symbols ==

* The Sicilian Independence Movement has the [[Triskelion#Sicily|Trinacria]] as its symbol.
* The movement use the so-called ''[[Three-finger salute (Sicilian)|Three-finger salute]]'', that represents the Trinacria's three legs.
* Colors red and yellow.

==Electoral results==
===Italian Constitutional Assembly===
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!Election
!Votes
!%
!Seats
!+/−
!Leader
|-
| [[1946 Italian general election|1946]]
| 171,201 (#9)
| 0.7
| {{Composition bar|4|556|{{party color|Movement for the Independence of Sicily}}}}
| {{center|–}}
| [[Andrea Finocchiaro Aprile]]
|}

===Sicilian Regional Assembly===
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!Election
!Votes
!%
!Seats
!+/−
!Leader
|-
| [[1947 Sicilian regional election|1947]]
| 171,470 (#5)
| 8.8
| {{Composition bar|9|90|{{party color|Movement for the Independence of Sicily}}}}
| {{center|–}}
| [[Andrea Finocchiaro Aprile]]
|}

== Citations ==
{{reflist}}

== General and cited sources ==
* {{cite book |last=Costanzo |first=Ezio |title=Mafia & Alleati |year=2005 |publisher=Le Nove Muse Editrice |location=Catania |pages=256+photos+documents |language=Italian}}
* {{cite book |last=Gaja |first=Filippo |title=L'esercito della Lupara |year=1962 |publisher=Maquis Editore |location=Milan |oclc=3095666|pages=404 |language=Italian}}
* {{cite book |last=Villari |first=Gianfilippo |title=La Sicilia libertata|year=2004 |publisher=Maimone Editore |location=Catania |isbn=88-7751-253-9 |pages=306 |language=Italian}}
* {{cite book |last=Marino |first=Giuseppe Carlo |title=Storia del separatismo siciliano. 1943-1947|year=1993 |publisher=[[Editori Riuniti]] |location=Rome |isbn=88-359-3709-4 |pages=307 |language=Italian}}
* {{cite book |last=Spataro |first=Mario |title=I primi secessionisti: separatismo in Sicilia 1866 e 1943-46|year=2001 |publisher=Controcorrente |location=Rome |oclc=48108005 |pages=371 |language=Italian}}
* {{cite book |last=Paternò Castello|first=Francesco|title=Il movimento per l'indipendenza della Sicilia: memorie|year=1977 |publisher=Flaccovio |location=Palermo |oclc=4230210 |pages=371 |language=Italian}}
* {{cite book |last=Finkelstein|first=Monte S.|title=Separatism, the Allies and the Mafia: The Struggle for Sicilian Independence, 1943-1948 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VmVHwYA4RBYC&q=finkelstein |year=1998 |publisher=Lehigh University Press|location=Bethlehem, Pennsylvania|isbn=978-0-934223-51-5 | oclc=44965140 |pages=289 }}
* Norman Lewis (2003). ''The Honoured Society: The Sicilian Mafia Observed''. Eland Publishing Ltd. {{ISBN|978-0-907871-48-4}}.

{{Historical Italian political parties}}

[[Category:20th century in Sicily]]
[[Category:Political parties in Sicily]]
[[Category:Political parties disestablished in 1951]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1943]]
[[Category:Sicilian nationalist parties]]
[[Category:Sicilian rebellions]]

Movement for the Independence of Sicily - Revision history

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