Modularity - Revision history

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	=== Modularity in product design ===		=== Modularity in product design ===
	Modularity is a concept that has been thoroughly used in architecture and industry. In interior design modularity is used in order to achieve customizable products that are economically viable. Examples include some of the customizable creations of [[IKEA]] and mostly high-end high-cost concepts. Modularity in interior design, or "modularity in use",<ref name=Kostakis/> refers to the opportunities of combinations and reconfigurations of the modules in order to create an artefact that suits the specific needs of the user and simultaneously grows with them. The evolution of [[3D printing]] technology has enabled customizable furniture to become feasible. Objects can be prototyped, changed depending on the space and customized dependent on the users needs. Designers can prototype showcase their modules over the internet just by using 3D printing technology. Sofas are a common piece that have modular utilities ranging from ottoman to a bed, as well as fabrics and textiles that are swappable.<ref name="Mann 2022">{{cite web \| last=Mann \| first=Randi \| title=There's a new modular sofa in town, and it's made in Canada \| website=nationalpost \| date=2022-04-01 \| url=https://nationalpost.com~~/shopping-essentials~~/home-living/theres-a-new-modular-sofa-in-town-and-its-made-in-canada \| access-date=2022-10-20}}</ref> This originated in the 1940s after being invented by [[Harvey Probber]], was refined in the 1970s, and reaching mass scale consumerism in the 2010s and 2020s.<ref name="Nast 2022">{{cite web \| title=Sofa Trends Through the Decades \| website=Architectural Digest \| date=2022-09-30 \| url=https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/sofa-trends-through-the-decades-guide \| access-date=2022-10-20}}</ref>		Modularity is a concept that has been thoroughly used in architecture and industry. In interior design modularity is used in order to achieve customizable products that are economically viable. Examples include some of the customizable creations of [[IKEA]] and mostly high-end high-cost concepts. Modularity in interior design, or "modularity in use",<ref name=Kostakis/> refers to the opportunities of combinations and reconfigurations of the modules in order to create an artefact that suits the specific needs of the user and simultaneously grows with them. The evolution of [[3D printing]] technology has enabled customizable furniture to become feasible. Objects can be prototyped, changed depending on the space and customized dependent on the users needs. Designers can prototype showcase their modules over the internet just by using 3D printing technology. Sofas are a common piece that have modular utilities ranging from ottoman to a bed, as well as fabrics and textiles that are swappable.<ref name="Mann 2022">{{cite web \| last=Mann \| first=Randi \| title=There's a new modular sofa in town, and it's made in Canada \| website=nationalpost \| date=2022-04-01 \| url=https://nationalpost.com/home-living/theres-a-new-modular-sofa-in-town-and-its-made-in-canada \| access-date=2022-10-20}}</ref> This originated in the 1940s after being invented by [[Harvey Probber]], was refined in the 1970s, and reaching mass scale consumerism in the 2010s and 2020s.<ref name="Nast 2022">{{cite web \| title=Sofa Trends Through the Decades \| website=Architectural Digest \| date=2022-09-30 \| url=https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/sofa-trends-through-the-decades-guide \| access-date=2022-10-20}}</ref>

	===Modularity in American studies===		===Modularity in American studies===
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	{{Reflist}}Research articles		{{Reflist}}Research articles

	# {{Cite conference \|~~last~~=Phukan \|~~first~~=Ripun \|last2=Nam \|first2=David \|last3=Dong \|first3=Dong \|last4=Burgos \|first4=Rolando \|date=2022-06-15 \|title=Design Considerations for a Modular 2-Stage LCLC Filter for Three Phase AC-DC Interleaved Converters ~~\|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9813883/~~ \|conference=2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC) \|publisher=IEEE \|pages=517–522 \|doi=10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813883 \|isbn=978-1-6654-0560-7~~\|url-access=subscription~~ }}		# {{Cite conference \|last1=Phukan \|first1=Ripun \|last2=Nam \|first2=David \|last3=Dong \|first3=Dong \|last4=Burgos \|first4=Rolando \|date=2022-06-15 \|title=Design Considerations for a Modular 2-Stage LCLC Filter for Three Phase AC-DC Interleaved Converters \|conference=2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC) \|publisher=IEEE \|pages=517–522 \|doi=10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813883 \|isbn=978-1-6654-0560-7}}
	# {{Cite journal \|~~last~~=Ohn \|~~first~~=Sungjae \|last2=Phukan \|first2=Ripun \|last3=Dong \|first3=Dong \|last4=Burgos \|first4=Rolando \|last5=Boroyevich \|first5=Dushan \|last6=Gopal \|first6=Mondal \|last7=Nielebock \|first7=Sebastian \|date=November 2022 \|title=A Scalable Filter Topology for $N$-Parallel Modular Three-Phase AC–DC Converters by an Arrangement of Coupled Inductors ~~\|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9786667/~~ \|journal=IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics \|volume=37 \|issue=11 \|pages=13358–13367 \|doi=10.1109/TPEL.2022.3179396 \|issn=0885-8993~~\|url-access=subscription~~ }}		# {{Cite journal \|last1=Ohn \|first1=Sungjae \|last2=Phukan \|first2=Ripun \|last3=Dong \|first3=Dong \|last4=Burgos \|first4=Rolando \|last5=Boroyevich \|first5=Dushan \|last6=Gopal \|first6=Mondal \|last7=Nielebock \|first7=Sebastian \|date=November 2022 \|title=A Scalable Filter Topology for $N$-Parallel Modular Three-Phase AC–DC Converters by an Arrangement of Coupled Inductors \|journal=IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics \|volume=37 \|issue=11 \|pages=13358–13367 \|doi=10.1109/TPEL.2022.3179396 \|issn=0885-8993}}
	# {{Cite journal \|~~last~~=Phukan \|~~first~~=Ripun \|last2=Nam \|first2=David \|last3=Ohn \|first3=Sungjae \|last4=Mondal \|first4=Gopal \|last5=Nielebock \|first5=Sebastian \|last6=Dong \|first6=Dong \|last7=Burgos \|first7=Rolando \|date=November 2022 \|title=Design of an Indirectly Coupled Filter Building Block for Modular Interleaved AC–DC Converters ~~\|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9785924/~~ \|journal=IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics \|volume=37 \|issue=11 \|pages=13343–13357 \|doi=10.1109/TPEL.2022.3179346 \|issn=0885-8993~~\|url-access=subscription~~ }}		# {{Cite journal \|last1=Phukan \|first1=Ripun \|last2=Nam \|first2=David \|last3=Ohn \|first3=Sungjae \|last4=Mondal \|first4=Gopal \|last5=Nielebock \|first5=Sebastian \|last6=Dong \|first6=Dong \|last7=Burgos \|first7=Rolando \|date=November 2022 \|title=Design of an Indirectly Coupled Filter Building Block for Modular Interleaved AC–DC Converters \|journal=IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics \|volume=37 \|issue=11 \|pages=13343–13357 \|doi=10.1109/TPEL.2022.3179346 \|bibcode=2022ITPE...3713343P \|issn=0885-8993}}
	# {{Cite conference \|~~last~~=Phukan \|~~first~~=Ripun \|last2=Ohn \|first2=Sungjae \|last3=Dong \|first3=Dong \|last4=Burgos \|first4=Rolando \|last5=Mondal \|first5=Gopal \|last6=Nielebock \|first6=Sebastian \|date=2020-10-11 \|title=Evaluation of Modular AC Filter Building Blocks for Full SiC based Grid-Tied Three Phase Converters ~~\|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9236265/~~ \|conference=2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) \|publisher=IEEE \|pages=1835–1841 \|doi=10.1109/ECCE44975.2020.9236265 \|isbn=978-1-7281-5826-6~~\|url-access=subscription~~ }}		# {{Cite conference \|last1=Phukan \|first1=Ripun \|last2=Ohn \|first2=Sungjae \|last3=Dong \|first3=Dong \|last4=Burgos \|first4=Rolando \|last5=Mondal \|first5=Gopal \|last6=Nielebock \|first6=Sebastian \|date=2020-10-11 \|title=Evaluation of Modular AC Filter Building Blocks for Full SiC based Grid-Tied Three Phase Converters \|conference=2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) \|publisher=IEEE \|pages=1835–1841 \|doi=10.1109/ECCE44975.2020.9236265 \|isbn=978-1-7281-5826-6}}
	# {{Cite conference \|~~last~~=Ohn \|~~first~~=Sungjae \|last2=Phukan \|first2=Ripun \|last3=Dong \|first3=Dong \|last4=Burgos \|first4=Rolando \|last5=Boroyevich \|first5=Dushan \|last6=Mondal \|first6=Gopal \|last7=Nielebock \|first7=Sebastian \|date=2020-10-11 \|title=Modular Filter Building Block for Modular full-SiC AC-DC Converters by an Arrangement of Coupled Inductors ~~\|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9236309/~~ \|conference=2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) \|publisher=IEEE \|pages=4130–4136 \|doi=10.1109/ECCE44975.2020.9236309 \|isbn=978-1-7281-5826-6~~\|url-access=subscription~~ }}		# {{Cite conference \|last1=Ohn \|first1=Sungjae \|last2=Phukan \|first2=Ripun \|last3=Dong \|first3=Dong \|last4=Burgos \|first4=Rolando \|last5=Boroyevich \|first5=Dushan \|last6=Mondal \|first6=Gopal \|last7=Nielebock \|first7=Sebastian \|date=2020-10-11 \|title=Modular Filter Building Block for Modular full-SiC AC-DC Converters by an Arrangement of Coupled Inductors \|conference=2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) \|publisher=IEEE \|pages=4130–4136 \|doi=10.1109/ECCE44975.2020.9236309 \|isbn=978-1-7281-5826-6}}
	# {{Cite conference \|~~last~~=Phukan \|~~first~~=Ripun \|last2=Ohn \|first2=Sungjae \|last3=Dong \|first3=Dong \|last4=Burgos \|first4=Rolando \|last5=Mondal \|first5=Gopal \|last6=Nielebock \|first6=Sebastian \|date=2020-10-11 \|title=Design and Optimization of a Highly Integrated Modular Filter Building Block for Three-Level Grid Tied Converters ~~\|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9235895/~~ \|conference=2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) \|publisher=IEEE \|pages=4949–4956 \|doi=10.1109/ECCE44975.2020.9235895 \|isbn=978-1-7281-5826-6~~\|url-access=subscription~~ }}		# {{Cite conference \|last1=Phukan \|first1=Ripun \|last2=Ohn \|first2=Sungjae \|last3=Dong \|first3=Dong \|last4=Burgos \|first4=Rolando \|last5=Mondal \|first5=Gopal \|last6=Nielebock \|first6=Sebastian \|date=2020-10-11 \|title=Design and Optimization of a Highly Integrated Modular Filter Building Block for Three-Level Grid Tied Converters \|conference=2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) \|publisher=IEEE \|pages=4949–4956 \|doi=10.1109/ECCE44975.2020.9235895 \|isbn=978-1-7281-5826-6}}

	[[Category:Modularity\| ]]		[[Category:Modularity\| ]]

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← Previous revision		Revision as of 10:56, 30 June 2025
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	In ''The Language of New Media'', [[Lev Manovich]] proposes five "principles of new media"—to be understood "not as absolute laws but rather as general tendencies of a culture undergoing computerization."<ref>Manovich, J. 2001. ''The Language of New Media''. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.</ref> The five principles are numerical representation, modularity, automation, variability, and transcoding. Modularity within new media represents new media as being composed of several separate self-sufficient modules that can act independently or together in synchronisation to complete the new media object. In [[Photoshop]], modularity is most evident in layers; a single image can be composed of many layers, each of which can be treated as an entirely independent and separate entity. Websites can be defined as being modular, their structure is formed in a format that allows their contents to be changed, removed or edited whilst still retaining the structure of the website. This is because the website's content operates separately to the website and does not define the structure of the site. The entire [[World Wide Web\|Web]], Manovich notes, has a modular structure, composed of independent sites and pages, and each webpage itself is composed of elements and code that can be independently modified.<ref>Bradley Dilger, Review of ''The Language of New Media'' (Kairos: http://english.ttu.edu/kairos/7.1/reviews/dilger/).</ref>		In ''The Language of New Media'', [[Lev Manovich]] proposes five "principles of new media"—to be understood "not as absolute laws but rather as general tendencies of a culture undergoing computerization."<ref>Manovich, J. 2001. ''The Language of New Media''. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.</ref> The five principles are numerical representation, modularity, automation, variability, and transcoding. Modularity within new media represents new media as being composed of several separate self-sufficient modules that can act independently or together in synchronisation to complete the new media object. In [[Photoshop]], modularity is most evident in layers; a single image can be composed of many layers, each of which can be treated as an entirely independent and separate entity. Websites can be defined as being modular, their structure is formed in a format that allows their contents to be changed, removed or edited whilst still retaining the structure of the website. This is because the website's content operates separately to the website and does not define the structure of the site. The entire [[World Wide Web\|Web]], Manovich notes, has a modular structure, composed of independent sites and pages, and each webpage itself is composed of elements and code that can be independently modified.<ref>Bradley Dilger, Review of ''The Language of New Media'' (Kairos: http://english.ttu.edu/kairos/7.1/reviews/dilger/).</ref>

	Organizational systems are said to become increasingly modular when they begin to substitute loosely coupled forms for tightly integrated, hierarchical structures.<ref name="Schilling, M.A. 1169">Schilling, M.A. & Steensma, K. 2001. "The use of modular organizational forms: An industry level analysis". ''[[Academy of Management Journal]]'', 44: 1149–1169.</ref> For instance, when the firm utilizes contract manufacturing rather than in-house manufacturing, it is using an organizational component that is more independent than building such capabilities in-house: the firm can switch between contract manufacturers that perform different functions, and the contract manufacturer can similarly work for different firms.<ref name="Schilling, M.A. 1169"/> As firms in a given industry begin to substitute loose coupling with organizational components that lie outside of firm boundaries for activities that were once conducted in-house, the entire production system (which may encompass many firms) becomes increasingly modular. The firms themselves become more specialized components. Using loosely coupled structures enables firms to achieve greater flexibility in both scope and scale.<ref name="Schilling, M.A. 1169"/> This is in line with modularity in the processes of production, which relates to the way that technological artifacts are produced. This consists of the artifact's entire value chain, from the designing of the artifact to the manufacturing and distribution stages. In production, modularity is often due to increased design modularity.<ref name=Kostakis>{{Cite journal\|first=Vasilis\|last=Kostakis\|date=2019\|title=How to reap the benefits of the 'digital revolution'? Modularity and the commons\|url=http://halduskultuur.eu/journal/index.php/HKAC/article/view/228\|journal=Halduskultuur: The Estonian Journal of Administrative Culture and Digital Governance\|language=en\|volume=20\|issue=1\|pages=4–19\|doi=10.32994/hk.v20i1.228\|s2cid=242184840 \|issn=1736-6089}}</ref> The firm can switch easily between different providers of these activities (e.g., between different contract manufacturers or alliance partners) compared to building the capabilities for all activities in house, thus responding to different market needs more quickly. However, these flexibility gains come with a price. Therefore, the organization must assess the flexibility gains achievable, and any accompanying loss of performance, with each of these forms.		Organizational systems are said to become increasingly modular when they begin to substitute loosely coupled forms for tightly integrated, hierarchical structures.<ref name="Schilling, M.A. 1169">Schilling, M.A. & Steensma, K. 2001. "The use of modular organizational forms: An industry level analysis". ''[[Academy of Management Journal]]'', 44: 1149–1169.</ref> For instance, when the firm utilizes contract manufacturing rather than in-house manufacturing, it is using an organizational component that is more independent than building such capabilities in-house: the firm can switch between contract manufacturers that perform different functions, and the contract manufacturer can similarly work for different firms.<ref name="Schilling, M.A. 1169"/> As firms in a given industry begin to substitute loose coupling with organizational components that lie outside of firm boundaries for activities that were once conducted in-house, the entire production system (which may encompass many firms) becomes increasingly modular. The firms themselves become more specialized components. Using loosely coupled structures enables firms to achieve greater flexibility in both scope and scale.<ref name="Schilling, M.A. 1169"/> This is in line with modularity in the processes of production, which relates to the way that technological artifacts are produced. This consists of the artifact's entire value chain, from the designing of the artifact to the manufacturing and distribution stages. In production, modularity is often due to increased design modularity.<ref name=Kostakis>{{Cite journal\|first=Vasilis\|last=Kostakis\|date=2019\|title=How to reap the benefits of the 'digital revolution'? Modularity and the commons\|url=http://halduskultuur.eu/journal/index.php/HKAC/article/view/228\|journal=Halduskultuur: The Estonian Journal of Administrative Culture and Digital Governance\|language=en\|volume=20\|issue=1\|pages=4–19\|doi=10.32994/hk.v20i1.228\|s2cid=242184840 \|issn=1736-6089\|url-access=subscription}}</ref> The firm can switch easily between different providers of these activities (e.g., between different contract manufacturers or alliance partners) compared to building the capabilities for all activities in house, thus responding to different market needs more quickly. However, these flexibility gains come with a price. Therefore, the organization must assess the flexibility gains achievable, and any accompanying loss of performance, with each of these forms.

	Modularization within firms leads to the disaggregation of the traditional form of hierarchical governance.<ref name="Miles, R.E. et al. 1997">Miles R.E., Snow, C.C., Mathews, J.A., Miles, G., & Coleman, H.J. "Organizing in the knowledge age — Anticipating the cellular form". ''Academy of Management Executive'' 11(4):7–20.</ref><ref name="Zenger, T.R. & Hesterly, W.S. 1997">Zenger, T.R. & Hesterly, W.S. [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Todd_Zenger/publication/228282744_The_Disaggregation_of_Organizations_Selective_Intervention_High-Powered_Incentives_and_Molecular_Units/links/0046351dda904b2cc4000000/The-Disaggregation-of-Organizations-Selective-Intervention-High-Powered-Incentives-and-Molecular-Units.pdf "The Disaggregation of Corporations — Selective Intervention, High-powered Incentives, and Molecular Units"]. ''Organization Science'' 8:209–222.</ref><ref name="Kuntz, L. & Vera, A. 2007">Kuntz, L. & Vera, A. 2007. [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.951.9266&rep=rep1&type=pdf "Modular organization and hospital performance"]. ''Health Services Management Research'', 20(1): 48–58.</ref> The firm is decomposed into relatively small autonomous organizational units (modules) to reduce complexity. Modularization leads to a structure, in which the modules integrate strongly interdependent tasks, while the interdependencies between the modules are weak. In this connection the dissemination of modular organizational forms has been facilitated by the widespread efforts of the majority of large firms to re-engineer, refocus and restructure. These efforts usually involve a strong process-orientation: the complete service-provision process of the business is split up into partial processes, which can then be handled autonomously by cross-functional teams within organizational units (modules). The co-ordination of the modules is often carried out by using internal market mechanisms, in particular by the implementation of [[profit center]]s. Overall, modularization enables more flexible and quicker reaction to changing general or market conditions. Building on the above principles, many alternative forms of modularization of organizations (for-profit or non-profit) are possible.<ref name=Kostakis/><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Aas\|first1=Tor Helge\|last2=Pedersen\|first2=Per Egil\|date=2013\|title=The usefulness of componentization for specialized public service providers\|journal=Managing Service Quality\|volume=23\|issue=6\|pages=513–532\|doi=10.1108/MSQ-10-2012-0138}}</ref> However, modularization is not an independent and self-contained organizational concept, but rather consists of several basic ideas, which are integral parts of other organizational concepts. These central ideas can be found in every firm. Accordingly, it is not sensible to characterize a firm as "modular" or as "not modular", because firms are always modular to a some degree.		Modularization within firms leads to the disaggregation of the traditional form of hierarchical governance.<ref name="Miles, R.E. et al. 1997">Miles R.E., Snow, C.C., Mathews, J.A., Miles, G., & Coleman, H.J. "Organizing in the knowledge age — Anticipating the cellular form". ''Academy of Management Executive'' 11(4):7–20.</ref><ref name="Zenger, T.R. & Hesterly, W.S. 1997">Zenger, T.R. & Hesterly, W.S. [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Todd_Zenger/publication/228282744_The_Disaggregation_of_Organizations_Selective_Intervention_High-Powered_Incentives_and_Molecular_Units/links/0046351dda904b2cc4000000/The-Disaggregation-of-Organizations-Selective-Intervention-High-Powered-Incentives-and-Molecular-Units.pdf "The Disaggregation of Corporations — Selective Intervention, High-powered Incentives, and Molecular Units"]. ''Organization Science'' 8:209–222.</ref><ref name="Kuntz, L. & Vera, A. 2007">Kuntz, L. & Vera, A. 2007. [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.951.9266&rep=rep1&type=pdf "Modular organization and hospital performance"]. ''Health Services Management Research'', 20(1): 48–58.</ref> The firm is decomposed into relatively small autonomous organizational units (modules) to reduce complexity. Modularization leads to a structure, in which the modules integrate strongly interdependent tasks, while the interdependencies between the modules are weak. In this connection the dissemination of modular organizational forms has been facilitated by the widespread efforts of the majority of large firms to re-engineer, refocus and restructure. These efforts usually involve a strong process-orientation: the complete service-provision process of the business is split up into partial processes, which can then be handled autonomously by cross-functional teams within organizational units (modules). The co-ordination of the modules is often carried out by using internal market mechanisms, in particular by the implementation of [[profit center]]s. Overall, modularization enables more flexible and quicker reaction to changing general or market conditions. Building on the above principles, many alternative forms of modularization of organizations (for-profit or non-profit) are possible.<ref name=Kostakis/><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Aas\|first1=Tor Helge\|last2=Pedersen\|first2=Per Egil\|date=2013\|title=The usefulness of componentization for specialized public service providers\|journal=Managing Service Quality\|volume=23\|issue=6\|pages=513–532\|doi=10.1108/MSQ-10-2012-0138}}</ref> However, modularization is not an independent and self-contained organizational concept, but rather consists of several basic ideas, which are integral parts of other organizational concepts. These central ideas can be found in every firm. Accordingly, it is not sensible to characterize a firm as "modular" or as "not modular", because firms are always modular to a some degree.
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	{{Reflist}}Research articles		{{Reflist}}Research articles

	# {{Cite conference \|last=Phukan \|first=Ripun \|last2=Nam \|first2=David \|last3=Dong \|first3=Dong \|last4=Burgos \|first4=Rolando \|date=2022-06-15 \|title=Design Considerations for a Modular 2-Stage LCLC Filter for Three Phase AC-DC Interleaved Converters \|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9813883/ \|conference=2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC) \|publisher=IEEE \|pages=517–522 \|doi=10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813883 \|isbn=978-1-6654-0560-7}}		# {{Cite conference \|last=Phukan \|first=Ripun \|last2=Nam \|first2=David \|last3=Dong \|first3=Dong \|last4=Burgos \|first4=Rolando \|date=2022-06-15 \|title=Design Considerations for a Modular 2-Stage LCLC Filter for Three Phase AC-DC Interleaved Converters \|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9813883/ \|conference=2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC) \|publisher=IEEE \|pages=517–522 \|doi=10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813883 \|isbn=978-1-6654-0560-7\|url-access=subscription }}
	# {{Cite journal \|last=Ohn \|first=Sungjae \|last2=Phukan \|first2=Ripun \|last3=Dong \|first3=Dong \|last4=Burgos \|first4=Rolando \|last5=Boroyevich \|first5=Dushan \|last6=Gopal \|first6=Mondal \|last7=Nielebock \|first7=Sebastian \|date=November 2022 \|title=A Scalable Filter Topology for $N$-Parallel Modular Three-Phase AC–DC Converters by an Arrangement of Coupled Inductors \|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9786667/ \|journal=IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics \|volume=37 \|issue=11 \|pages=13358–13367 \|doi=10.1109/TPEL.2022.3179396 \|issn=0885-8993}}		# {{Cite journal \|last=Ohn \|first=Sungjae \|last2=Phukan \|first2=Ripun \|last3=Dong \|first3=Dong \|last4=Burgos \|first4=Rolando \|last5=Boroyevich \|first5=Dushan \|last6=Gopal \|first6=Mondal \|last7=Nielebock \|first7=Sebastian \|date=November 2022 \|title=A Scalable Filter Topology for $N$-Parallel Modular Three-Phase AC–DC Converters by an Arrangement of Coupled Inductors \|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9786667/ \|journal=IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics \|volume=37 \|issue=11 \|pages=13358–13367 \|doi=10.1109/TPEL.2022.3179396 \|issn=0885-8993\|url-access=subscription }}
	# {{Cite journal \|last=Phukan \|first=Ripun \|last2=Nam \|first2=David \|last3=Ohn \|first3=Sungjae \|last4=Mondal \|first4=Gopal \|last5=Nielebock \|first5=Sebastian \|last6=Dong \|first6=Dong \|last7=Burgos \|first7=Rolando \|date=November 2022 \|title=Design of an Indirectly Coupled Filter Building Block for Modular Interleaved AC–DC Converters \|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9785924/ \|journal=IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics \|volume=37 \|issue=11 \|pages=13343–13357 \|doi=10.1109/TPEL.2022.3179346 \|issn=0885-8993}}		# {{Cite journal \|last=Phukan \|first=Ripun \|last2=Nam \|first2=David \|last3=Ohn \|first3=Sungjae \|last4=Mondal \|first4=Gopal \|last5=Nielebock \|first5=Sebastian \|last6=Dong \|first6=Dong \|last7=Burgos \|first7=Rolando \|date=November 2022 \|title=Design of an Indirectly Coupled Filter Building Block for Modular Interleaved AC–DC Converters \|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9785924/ \|journal=IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics \|volume=37 \|issue=11 \|pages=13343–13357 \|doi=10.1109/TPEL.2022.3179346 \|issn=0885-8993\|url-access=subscription }}
	# {{Cite conference \|last=Phukan \|first=Ripun \|last2=Ohn \|first2=Sungjae \|last3=Dong \|first3=Dong \|last4=Burgos \|first4=Rolando \|last5=Mondal \|first5=Gopal \|last6=Nielebock \|first6=Sebastian \|date=2020-10-11 \|title=Evaluation of Modular AC Filter Building Blocks for Full SiC based Grid-Tied Three Phase Converters \|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9236265/ \|conference=2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) \|publisher=IEEE \|pages=1835–1841 \|doi=10.1109/ECCE44975.2020.9236265 \|isbn=978-1-7281-5826-6}}		# {{Cite conference \|last=Phukan \|first=Ripun \|last2=Ohn \|first2=Sungjae \|last3=Dong \|first3=Dong \|last4=Burgos \|first4=Rolando \|last5=Mondal \|first5=Gopal \|last6=Nielebock \|first6=Sebastian \|date=2020-10-11 \|title=Evaluation of Modular AC Filter Building Blocks for Full SiC based Grid-Tied Three Phase Converters \|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9236265/ \|conference=2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) \|publisher=IEEE \|pages=1835–1841 \|doi=10.1109/ECCE44975.2020.9236265 \|isbn=978-1-7281-5826-6\|url-access=subscription }}
	# {{Cite conference \|last=Ohn \|first=Sungjae \|last2=Phukan \|first2=Ripun \|last3=Dong \|first3=Dong \|last4=Burgos \|first4=Rolando \|last5=Boroyevich \|first5=Dushan \|last6=Mondal \|first6=Gopal \|last7=Nielebock \|first7=Sebastian \|date=2020-10-11 \|title=Modular Filter Building Block for Modular full-SiC AC-DC Converters by an Arrangement of Coupled Inductors \|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9236309/ \|conference=2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) \|publisher=IEEE \|pages=4130–4136 \|doi=10.1109/ECCE44975.2020.9236309 \|isbn=978-1-7281-5826-6}}		# {{Cite conference \|last=Ohn \|first=Sungjae \|last2=Phukan \|first2=Ripun \|last3=Dong \|first3=Dong \|last4=Burgos \|first4=Rolando \|last5=Boroyevich \|first5=Dushan \|last6=Mondal \|first6=Gopal \|last7=Nielebock \|first7=Sebastian \|date=2020-10-11 \|title=Modular Filter Building Block for Modular full-SiC AC-DC Converters by an Arrangement of Coupled Inductors \|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9236309/ \|conference=2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) \|publisher=IEEE \|pages=4130–4136 \|doi=10.1109/ECCE44975.2020.9236309 \|isbn=978-1-7281-5826-6\|url-access=subscription }}
	# {{Cite conference \|last=Phukan \|first=Ripun \|last2=Ohn \|first2=Sungjae \|last3=Dong \|first3=Dong \|last4=Burgos \|first4=Rolando \|last5=Mondal \|first5=Gopal \|last6=Nielebock \|first6=Sebastian \|date=2020-10-11 \|title=Design and Optimization of a Highly Integrated Modular Filter Building Block for Three-Level Grid Tied Converters \|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9235895/ \|conference=2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) \|publisher=IEEE \|pages=4949–4956 \|doi=10.1109/ECCE44975.2020.9235895 \|isbn=978-1-7281-5826-6}}		# {{Cite conference \|last=Phukan \|first=Ripun \|last2=Ohn \|first2=Sungjae \|last3=Dong \|first3=Dong \|last4=Burgos \|first4=Rolando \|last5=Mondal \|first5=Gopal \|last6=Nielebock \|first6=Sebastian \|date=2020-10-11 \|title=Design and Optimization of a Highly Integrated Modular Filter Building Block for Three-Level Grid Tied Converters \|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9235895/ \|conference=2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) \|publisher=IEEE \|pages=4949–4956 \|doi=10.1109/ECCE44975.2020.9235895 \|isbn=978-1-7281-5826-6\|url-access=subscription }}

	[[Category:Modularity\| ]]		[[Category:Modularity\| ]]

imported>Ira Leviton: Fixed references. Please see Category:CS1 errors: dates.

2025-06-05T03:21:16Z

Fixed references. Please see Category:CS1 errors: dates.

← Previous revision		Revision as of 03:21, 5 June 2025
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	{{Reflist}}Research articles		{{Reflist}}Research articles

	# R. Phukan~~, D.~~ Nam~~, D.~~ Dong ~~and R.~~ Burgos~~, "~~Design Considerations for a Modular 2-Stage LCLC Filter for Three Phase AC-DC Interleaved Converters~~," ''~~2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)~~'', Anaheim, CA, USA, 2022, pp. 517-522.~~ doi: 10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813883		# {{Cite conference \|last=Phukan \|first=Ripun \|last2=Nam \|first2=David \|last3=Dong \|first3=Dong \|last4=Burgos \|first4=Rolando \|date=2022-06-15 \|title=Design Considerations for a Modular 2-Stage LCLC Filter for Three Phase AC-DC Interleaved Converters \|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9813883/ \|conference=2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC) \|publisher=IEEE \|pages=517–522 \|doi=10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813883 \|isbn=978-1-6654-0560-7}}
	# S. Ohn ~~''et al''., "~~A Scalable Filter Topology for $N$-Parallel Modular Three-Phase AC–DC Converters by an Arrangement of Coupled Inductors~~," in ''~~IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics~~'', vol.~~ 37~~, no.~~ 11~~, pp. 13358-13367, Nov. 2022.~~ doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2022.3179396		# {{Cite journal \|last=Ohn \|first=Sungjae \|last2=Phukan \|first2=Ripun \|last3=Dong \|first3=Dong \|last4=Burgos \|first4=Rolando \|last5=Boroyevich \|first5=Dushan \|last6=Gopal \|first6=Mondal \|last7=Nielebock \|first7=Sebastian \|date=November 2022 \|title=A Scalable Filter Topology for $N$-Parallel Modular Three-Phase AC–DC Converters by an Arrangement of Coupled Inductors \|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9786667/ \|journal=IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics \|volume=37 \|issue=11 \|pages=13358–13367 \|doi=10.1109/TPEL.2022.3179396 \|issn=0885-8993}}
	# R. Phukan ~~''et al''., "~~Design of an Indirectly Coupled Filter Building Block for Modular Interleaved AC–DC Converters~~," in ''~~IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics~~'', vol.~~ 37~~, no.~~ 11~~, pp. 13343-13357, Nov. 2022.~~ doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2022.3179346		# {{Cite journal \|last=Phukan \|first=Ripun \|last2=Nam \|first2=David \|last3=Ohn \|first3=Sungjae \|last4=Mondal \|first4=Gopal \|last5=Nielebock \|first5=Sebastian \|last6=Dong \|first6=Dong \|last7=Burgos \|first7=Rolando \|date=November 2022 \|title=Design of an Indirectly Coupled Filter Building Block for Modular Interleaved AC–DC Converters \|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9785924/ \|journal=IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics \|volume=37 \|issue=11 \|pages=13343–13357 \|doi=10.1109/TPEL.2022.3179346 \|issn=0885-8993}}
	# R. Phukan~~, S.~~ Ohn~~, D.~~ Dong~~, R.~~ Burgos~~, G.~~ Mondal ~~and S.~~ Nielebock~~, "~~Evaluation of Modular AC Filter Building Blocks for Full SiC based Grid-Tied Three Phase Converters~~," ''~~2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)~~'', Detroit, MI, USA, 2020, pp. 1835-1841.~~ doi: 10.1109/ECCE44975.2020.9236265		# {{Cite conference \|last=Phukan \|first=Ripun \|last2=Ohn \|first2=Sungjae \|last3=Dong \|first3=Dong \|last4=Burgos \|first4=Rolando \|last5=Mondal \|first5=Gopal \|last6=Nielebock \|first6=Sebastian \|date=2020-10-11 \|title=Evaluation of Modular AC Filter Building Blocks for Full SiC based Grid-Tied Three Phase Converters \|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9236265/ \|conference=2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) \|publisher=IEEE \|pages=1835–1841 \|doi=10.1109/ECCE44975.2020.9236265 \|isbn=978-1-7281-5826-6}}
	# S. Ohn ~~''et al''., "~~Modular Filter Building Block for Modular full-SiC AC-DC Converters by an Arrangement of Coupled Inductors~~," ''~~2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)~~'', Detroit, MI, USA, 2020, pp. 4130-4136.~~ doi: 10.1109/ECCE44975.2020.9236309		# {{Cite conference \|last=Ohn \|first=Sungjae \|last2=Phukan \|first2=Ripun \|last3=Dong \|first3=Dong \|last4=Burgos \|first4=Rolando \|last5=Boroyevich \|first5=Dushan \|last6=Mondal \|first6=Gopal \|last7=Nielebock \|first7=Sebastian \|date=2020-10-11 \|title=Modular Filter Building Block for Modular full-SiC AC-DC Converters by an Arrangement of Coupled Inductors \|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9236309/ \|conference=2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) \|publisher=IEEE \|pages=4130–4136 \|doi=10.1109/ECCE44975.2020.9236309 \|isbn=978-1-7281-5826-6}}
	# R. Phukan~~, S.~~ Ohn~~, D.~~ Dong~~, R.~~ Burgos~~, G.~~ Mondal ~~and S.~~ Nielebock~~, "~~Design and Optimization of a Highly Integrated Modular Filter Building Block for Three-Level Grid Tied Converters~~," ''~~2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)~~'', Detroit, MI, USA, 2020, pp. 4949-4956.~~ doi: 10.1109/ECCE44975.2020.9235895		# {{Cite conference \|last=Phukan \|first=Ripun \|last2=Ohn \|first2=Sungjae \|last3=Dong \|first3=Dong \|last4=Burgos \|first4=Rolando \|last5=Mondal \|first5=Gopal \|last6=Nielebock \|first6=Sebastian \|date=2020-10-11 \|title=Design and Optimization of a Highly Integrated Modular Filter Building Block for Three-Level Grid Tied Converters \|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9235895/ \|conference=2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) \|publisher=IEEE \|pages=4949–4956 \|doi=10.1109/ECCE44975.2020.9235895 \|isbn=978-1-7281-5826-6}}

	[[Category:Modularity\| ]]		[[Category:Modularity\| ]]

imported>Rafaelohim: I added a missing definite article (“the”).

2025-02-10T18:07:56Z

I added a missing definite article (“the”).

Show changes

← Previous revision		Revision as of 02:52, 20 October 2025
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	=== Modularity in product design ===		=== Modularity in product design ===
	Modularity is a concept that has been thoroughly used in architecture and industry. In interior design modularity is used in order to achieve customizable products that are economically viable. Examples include some of the customizable creations of [[IKEA]] and mostly high-end high-cost concepts. Modularity in interior design, or "modularity in use",<ref name=Kostakis/> refers to the opportunities of combinations and reconfigurations of the modules in order to create an artefact that suits the specific needs of the user and simultaneously grows with them. The evolution of [[3D printing]] technology has enabled customizable furniture to become feasible. Objects can be prototyped, changed depending on the space and customized dependent on the users needs. Designers can prototype showcase their modules over the internet just by using 3D printing technology. Sofas are a common piece that have modular utilities ranging from ottoman to a bed, as well as fabrics and textiles that are swappable.<ref name="Mann 2022">{{cite web \| last=Mann \| first=Randi \| title=There's a new modular sofa in town, and it's made in Canada \| website=nationalpost \| date=2022-04-01 \| url=https://nationalpost.com~~/shopping-essentials~~/home-living/theres-a-new-modular-sofa-in-town-and-its-made-in-canada \| access-date=2022-10-20}}</ref> This originated in the 1940s after being invented by [[Harvey Probber]], was refined in the 1970s, and reaching mass scale consumerism in the 2010s and 2020s.<ref name="Nast 2022">{{cite web \| title=Sofa Trends Through the Decades \| website=Architectural Digest \| date=2022-09-30 \| url=https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/sofa-trends-through-the-decades-guide \| access-date=2022-10-20}}</ref>		Modularity is a concept that has been thoroughly used in architecture and industry. In interior design modularity is used in order to achieve customizable products that are economically viable. Examples include some of the customizable creations of [[IKEA]] and mostly high-end high-cost concepts. Modularity in interior design, or "modularity in use",<ref name=Kostakis/> refers to the opportunities of combinations and reconfigurations of the modules in order to create an artefact that suits the specific needs of the user and simultaneously grows with them. The evolution of [[3D printing]] technology has enabled customizable furniture to become feasible. Objects can be prototyped, changed depending on the space and customized dependent on the users needs. Designers can prototype showcase their modules over the internet just by using 3D printing technology. Sofas are a common piece that have modular utilities ranging from ottoman to a bed, as well as fabrics and textiles that are swappable.<ref name="Mann 2022">{{cite web \| last=Mann \| first=Randi \| title=There's a new modular sofa in town, and it's made in Canada \| website=nationalpost \| date=2022-04-01 \| url=https://nationalpost.com/home-living/theres-a-new-modular-sofa-in-town-and-its-made-in-canada \| access-date=2022-10-20}}</ref> This originated in the 1940s after being invented by [[Harvey Probber]], was refined in the 1970s, and reaching mass scale consumerism in the 2010s and 2020s.<ref name="Nast 2022">{{cite web \| title=Sofa Trends Through the Decades \| website=Architectural Digest \| date=2022-09-30 \| url=https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/sofa-trends-through-the-decades-guide \| access-date=2022-10-20}}</ref>

	===Modularity in American studies===		===Modularity in American studies===
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	{{Reflist}}Research articles		{{Reflist}}Research articles

	# {{Cite conference \|~~last~~=Phukan \|~~first~~=Ripun \|last2=Nam \|first2=David \|last3=Dong \|first3=Dong \|last4=Burgos \|first4=Rolando \|date=2022-06-15 \|title=Design Considerations for a Modular 2-Stage LCLC Filter for Three Phase AC-DC Interleaved Converters ~~\|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9813883/~~ \|conference=2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC) \|publisher=IEEE \|pages=517–522 \|doi=10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813883 \|isbn=978-1-6654-0560-7~~\|url-access=subscription~~ }}		# {{Cite conference \|last1=Phukan \|first1=Ripun \|last2=Nam \|first2=David \|last3=Dong \|first3=Dong \|last4=Burgos \|first4=Rolando \|date=2022-06-15 \|title=Design Considerations for a Modular 2-Stage LCLC Filter for Three Phase AC-DC Interleaved Converters \|conference=2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC) \|publisher=IEEE \|pages=517–522 \|doi=10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813883 \|isbn=978-1-6654-0560-7}}
	# {{Cite journal \|~~last~~=Ohn \|~~first~~=Sungjae \|last2=Phukan \|first2=Ripun \|last3=Dong \|first3=Dong \|last4=Burgos \|first4=Rolando \|last5=Boroyevich \|first5=Dushan \|last6=Gopal \|first6=Mondal \|last7=Nielebock \|first7=Sebastian \|date=November 2022 \|title=A Scalable Filter Topology for $N$-Parallel Modular Three-Phase AC–DC Converters by an Arrangement of Coupled Inductors ~~\|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9786667/~~ \|journal=IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics \|volume=37 \|issue=11 \|pages=13358–13367 \|doi=10.1109/TPEL.2022.3179396 \|issn=0885-8993~~\|url-access=subscription~~ }}		# {{Cite journal \|last1=Ohn \|first1=Sungjae \|last2=Phukan \|first2=Ripun \|last3=Dong \|first3=Dong \|last4=Burgos \|first4=Rolando \|last5=Boroyevich \|first5=Dushan \|last6=Gopal \|first6=Mondal \|last7=Nielebock \|first7=Sebastian \|date=November 2022 \|title=A Scalable Filter Topology for $N$-Parallel Modular Three-Phase AC–DC Converters by an Arrangement of Coupled Inductors \|journal=IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics \|volume=37 \|issue=11 \|pages=13358–13367 \|doi=10.1109/TPEL.2022.3179396 \|issn=0885-8993}}
	# {{Cite journal \|~~last~~=Phukan \|~~first~~=Ripun \|last2=Nam \|first2=David \|last3=Ohn \|first3=Sungjae \|last4=Mondal \|first4=Gopal \|last5=Nielebock \|first5=Sebastian \|last6=Dong \|first6=Dong \|last7=Burgos \|first7=Rolando \|date=November 2022 \|title=Design of an Indirectly Coupled Filter Building Block for Modular Interleaved AC–DC Converters ~~\|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9785924/~~ \|journal=IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics \|volume=37 \|issue=11 \|pages=13343–13357 \|doi=10.1109/TPEL.2022.3179346 \|issn=0885-8993~~\|url-access=subscription~~ }}		# {{Cite journal \|last1=Phukan \|first1=Ripun \|last2=Nam \|first2=David \|last3=Ohn \|first3=Sungjae \|last4=Mondal \|first4=Gopal \|last5=Nielebock \|first5=Sebastian \|last6=Dong \|first6=Dong \|last7=Burgos \|first7=Rolando \|date=November 2022 \|title=Design of an Indirectly Coupled Filter Building Block for Modular Interleaved AC–DC Converters \|journal=IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics \|volume=37 \|issue=11 \|pages=13343–13357 \|doi=10.1109/TPEL.2022.3179346 \|bibcode=2022ITPE...3713343P \|issn=0885-8993}}
	# {{Cite conference \|~~last~~=Phukan \|~~first~~=Ripun \|last2=Ohn \|first2=Sungjae \|last3=Dong \|first3=Dong \|last4=Burgos \|first4=Rolando \|last5=Mondal \|first5=Gopal \|last6=Nielebock \|first6=Sebastian \|date=2020-10-11 \|title=Evaluation of Modular AC Filter Building Blocks for Full SiC based Grid-Tied Three Phase Converters ~~\|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9236265/~~ \|conference=2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) \|publisher=IEEE \|pages=1835–1841 \|doi=10.1109/ECCE44975.2020.9236265 \|isbn=978-1-7281-5826-6~~\|url-access=subscription~~ }}		# {{Cite conference \|last1=Phukan \|first1=Ripun \|last2=Ohn \|first2=Sungjae \|last3=Dong \|first3=Dong \|last4=Burgos \|first4=Rolando \|last5=Mondal \|first5=Gopal \|last6=Nielebock \|first6=Sebastian \|date=2020-10-11 \|title=Evaluation of Modular AC Filter Building Blocks for Full SiC based Grid-Tied Three Phase Converters \|conference=2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) \|publisher=IEEE \|pages=1835–1841 \|doi=10.1109/ECCE44975.2020.9236265 \|isbn=978-1-7281-5826-6}}
	# {{Cite conference \|~~last~~=Ohn \|~~first~~=Sungjae \|last2=Phukan \|first2=Ripun \|last3=Dong \|first3=Dong \|last4=Burgos \|first4=Rolando \|last5=Boroyevich \|first5=Dushan \|last6=Mondal \|first6=Gopal \|last7=Nielebock \|first7=Sebastian \|date=2020-10-11 \|title=Modular Filter Building Block for Modular full-SiC AC-DC Converters by an Arrangement of Coupled Inductors ~~\|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9236309/~~ \|conference=2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) \|publisher=IEEE \|pages=4130–4136 \|doi=10.1109/ECCE44975.2020.9236309 \|isbn=978-1-7281-5826-6~~\|url-access=subscription~~ }}		# {{Cite conference \|last1=Ohn \|first1=Sungjae \|last2=Phukan \|first2=Ripun \|last3=Dong \|first3=Dong \|last4=Burgos \|first4=Rolando \|last5=Boroyevich \|first5=Dushan \|last6=Mondal \|first6=Gopal \|last7=Nielebock \|first7=Sebastian \|date=2020-10-11 \|title=Modular Filter Building Block for Modular full-SiC AC-DC Converters by an Arrangement of Coupled Inductors \|conference=2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) \|publisher=IEEE \|pages=4130–4136 \|doi=10.1109/ECCE44975.2020.9236309 \|isbn=978-1-7281-5826-6}}
	# {{Cite conference \|~~last~~=Phukan \|~~first~~=Ripun \|last2=Ohn \|first2=Sungjae \|last3=Dong \|first3=Dong \|last4=Burgos \|first4=Rolando \|last5=Mondal \|first5=Gopal \|last6=Nielebock \|first6=Sebastian \|date=2020-10-11 \|title=Design and Optimization of a Highly Integrated Modular Filter Building Block for Three-Level Grid Tied Converters ~~\|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9235895/~~ \|conference=2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) \|publisher=IEEE \|pages=4949–4956 \|doi=10.1109/ECCE44975.2020.9235895 \|isbn=978-1-7281-5826-6~~\|url-access=subscription~~ }}		# {{Cite conference \|last1=Phukan \|first1=Ripun \|last2=Ohn \|first2=Sungjae \|last3=Dong \|first3=Dong \|last4=Burgos \|first4=Rolando \|last5=Mondal \|first5=Gopal \|last6=Nielebock \|first6=Sebastian \|date=2020-10-11 \|title=Design and Optimization of a Highly Integrated Modular Filter Building Block for Three-Level Grid Tied Converters \|conference=2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) \|publisher=IEEE \|pages=4949–4956 \|doi=10.1109/ECCE44975.2020.9235895 \|isbn=978-1-7281-5826-6}}

	[[Category:Modularity\| ]]		[[Category:Modularity\| ]]

← Previous revision		Revision as of 10:56, 30 June 2025
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	In ''The Language of New Media'', [[Lev Manovich]] proposes five "principles of new media"—to be understood "not as absolute laws but rather as general tendencies of a culture undergoing computerization."<ref>Manovich, J. 2001. ''The Language of New Media''. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.</ref> The five principles are numerical representation, modularity, automation, variability, and transcoding. Modularity within new media represents new media as being composed of several separate self-sufficient modules that can act independently or together in synchronisation to complete the new media object. In [[Photoshop]], modularity is most evident in layers; a single image can be composed of many layers, each of which can be treated as an entirely independent and separate entity. Websites can be defined as being modular, their structure is formed in a format that allows their contents to be changed, removed or edited whilst still retaining the structure of the website. This is because the website's content operates separately to the website and does not define the structure of the site. The entire [[World Wide Web\|Web]], Manovich notes, has a modular structure, composed of independent sites and pages, and each webpage itself is composed of elements and code that can be independently modified.<ref>Bradley Dilger, Review of ''The Language of New Media'' (Kairos: http://english.ttu.edu/kairos/7.1/reviews/dilger/).</ref>		In ''The Language of New Media'', [[Lev Manovich]] proposes five "principles of new media"—to be understood "not as absolute laws but rather as general tendencies of a culture undergoing computerization."<ref>Manovich, J. 2001. ''The Language of New Media''. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.</ref> The five principles are numerical representation, modularity, automation, variability, and transcoding. Modularity within new media represents new media as being composed of several separate self-sufficient modules that can act independently or together in synchronisation to complete the new media object. In [[Photoshop]], modularity is most evident in layers; a single image can be composed of many layers, each of which can be treated as an entirely independent and separate entity. Websites can be defined as being modular, their structure is formed in a format that allows their contents to be changed, removed or edited whilst still retaining the structure of the website. This is because the website's content operates separately to the website and does not define the structure of the site. The entire [[World Wide Web\|Web]], Manovich notes, has a modular structure, composed of independent sites and pages, and each webpage itself is composed of elements and code that can be independently modified.<ref>Bradley Dilger, Review of ''The Language of New Media'' (Kairos: http://english.ttu.edu/kairos/7.1/reviews/dilger/).</ref>

	Organizational systems are said to become increasingly modular when they begin to substitute loosely coupled forms for tightly integrated, hierarchical structures.<ref name="Schilling, M.A. 1169">Schilling, M.A. & Steensma, K. 2001. "The use of modular organizational forms: An industry level analysis". ''[[Academy of Management Journal]]'', 44: 1149–1169.</ref> For instance, when the firm utilizes contract manufacturing rather than in-house manufacturing, it is using an organizational component that is more independent than building such capabilities in-house: the firm can switch between contract manufacturers that perform different functions, and the contract manufacturer can similarly work for different firms.<ref name="Schilling, M.A. 1169"/> As firms in a given industry begin to substitute loose coupling with organizational components that lie outside of firm boundaries for activities that were once conducted in-house, the entire production system (which may encompass many firms) becomes increasingly modular. The firms themselves become more specialized components. Using loosely coupled structures enables firms to achieve greater flexibility in both scope and scale.<ref name="Schilling, M.A. 1169"/> This is in line with modularity in the processes of production, which relates to the way that technological artifacts are produced. This consists of the artifact's entire value chain, from the designing of the artifact to the manufacturing and distribution stages. In production, modularity is often due to increased design modularity.<ref name=Kostakis>{{Cite journal\|first=Vasilis\|last=Kostakis\|date=2019\|title=How to reap the benefits of the 'digital revolution'? Modularity and the commons\|url=http://halduskultuur.eu/journal/index.php/HKAC/article/view/228\|journal=Halduskultuur: The Estonian Journal of Administrative Culture and Digital Governance\|language=en\|volume=20\|issue=1\|pages=4–19\|doi=10.32994/hk.v20i1.228\|s2cid=242184840 \|issn=1736-6089}}</ref> The firm can switch easily between different providers of these activities (e.g., between different contract manufacturers or alliance partners) compared to building the capabilities for all activities in house, thus responding to different market needs more quickly. However, these flexibility gains come with a price. Therefore, the organization must assess the flexibility gains achievable, and any accompanying loss of performance, with each of these forms.		Organizational systems are said to become increasingly modular when they begin to substitute loosely coupled forms for tightly integrated, hierarchical structures.<ref name="Schilling, M.A. 1169">Schilling, M.A. & Steensma, K. 2001. "The use of modular organizational forms: An industry level analysis". ''[[Academy of Management Journal]]'', 44: 1149–1169.</ref> For instance, when the firm utilizes contract manufacturing rather than in-house manufacturing, it is using an organizational component that is more independent than building such capabilities in-house: the firm can switch between contract manufacturers that perform different functions, and the contract manufacturer can similarly work for different firms.<ref name="Schilling, M.A. 1169"/> As firms in a given industry begin to substitute loose coupling with organizational components that lie outside of firm boundaries for activities that were once conducted in-house, the entire production system (which may encompass many firms) becomes increasingly modular. The firms themselves become more specialized components. Using loosely coupled structures enables firms to achieve greater flexibility in both scope and scale.<ref name="Schilling, M.A. 1169"/> This is in line with modularity in the processes of production, which relates to the way that technological artifacts are produced. This consists of the artifact's entire value chain, from the designing of the artifact to the manufacturing and distribution stages. In production, modularity is often due to increased design modularity.<ref name=Kostakis>{{Cite journal\|first=Vasilis\|last=Kostakis\|date=2019\|title=How to reap the benefits of the 'digital revolution'? Modularity and the commons\|url=http://halduskultuur.eu/journal/index.php/HKAC/article/view/228\|journal=Halduskultuur: The Estonian Journal of Administrative Culture and Digital Governance\|language=en\|volume=20\|issue=1\|pages=4–19\|doi=10.32994/hk.v20i1.228\|s2cid=242184840 \|issn=1736-6089\|url-access=subscription}}</ref> The firm can switch easily between different providers of these activities (e.g., between different contract manufacturers or alliance partners) compared to building the capabilities for all activities in house, thus responding to different market needs more quickly. However, these flexibility gains come with a price. Therefore, the organization must assess the flexibility gains achievable, and any accompanying loss of performance, with each of these forms.

	Modularization within firms leads to the disaggregation of the traditional form of hierarchical governance.<ref name="Miles, R.E. et al. 1997">Miles R.E., Snow, C.C., Mathews, J.A., Miles, G., & Coleman, H.J. "Organizing in the knowledge age — Anticipating the cellular form". ''Academy of Management Executive'' 11(4):7–20.</ref><ref name="Zenger, T.R. & Hesterly, W.S. 1997">Zenger, T.R. & Hesterly, W.S. [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Todd_Zenger/publication/228282744_The_Disaggregation_of_Organizations_Selective_Intervention_High-Powered_Incentives_and_Molecular_Units/links/0046351dda904b2cc4000000/The-Disaggregation-of-Organizations-Selective-Intervention-High-Powered-Incentives-and-Molecular-Units.pdf "The Disaggregation of Corporations — Selective Intervention, High-powered Incentives, and Molecular Units"]. ''Organization Science'' 8:209–222.</ref><ref name="Kuntz, L. & Vera, A. 2007">Kuntz, L. & Vera, A. 2007. [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.951.9266&rep=rep1&type=pdf "Modular organization and hospital performance"]. ''Health Services Management Research'', 20(1): 48–58.</ref> The firm is decomposed into relatively small autonomous organizational units (modules) to reduce complexity. Modularization leads to a structure, in which the modules integrate strongly interdependent tasks, while the interdependencies between the modules are weak. In this connection the dissemination of modular organizational forms has been facilitated by the widespread efforts of the majority of large firms to re-engineer, refocus and restructure. These efforts usually involve a strong process-orientation: the complete service-provision process of the business is split up into partial processes, which can then be handled autonomously by cross-functional teams within organizational units (modules). The co-ordination of the modules is often carried out by using internal market mechanisms, in particular by the implementation of [[profit center]]s. Overall, modularization enables more flexible and quicker reaction to changing general or market conditions. Building on the above principles, many alternative forms of modularization of organizations (for-profit or non-profit) are possible.<ref name=Kostakis/><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Aas\|first1=Tor Helge\|last2=Pedersen\|first2=Per Egil\|date=2013\|title=The usefulness of componentization for specialized public service providers\|journal=Managing Service Quality\|volume=23\|issue=6\|pages=513–532\|doi=10.1108/MSQ-10-2012-0138}}</ref> However, modularization is not an independent and self-contained organizational concept, but rather consists of several basic ideas, which are integral parts of other organizational concepts. These central ideas can be found in every firm. Accordingly, it is not sensible to characterize a firm as "modular" or as "not modular", because firms are always modular to a some degree.		Modularization within firms leads to the disaggregation of the traditional form of hierarchical governance.<ref name="Miles, R.E. et al. 1997">Miles R.E., Snow, C.C., Mathews, J.A., Miles, G., & Coleman, H.J. "Organizing in the knowledge age — Anticipating the cellular form". ''Academy of Management Executive'' 11(4):7–20.</ref><ref name="Zenger, T.R. & Hesterly, W.S. 1997">Zenger, T.R. & Hesterly, W.S. [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Todd_Zenger/publication/228282744_The_Disaggregation_of_Organizations_Selective_Intervention_High-Powered_Incentives_and_Molecular_Units/links/0046351dda904b2cc4000000/The-Disaggregation-of-Organizations-Selective-Intervention-High-Powered-Incentives-and-Molecular-Units.pdf "The Disaggregation of Corporations — Selective Intervention, High-powered Incentives, and Molecular Units"]. ''Organization Science'' 8:209–222.</ref><ref name="Kuntz, L. & Vera, A. 2007">Kuntz, L. & Vera, A. 2007. [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.951.9266&rep=rep1&type=pdf "Modular organization and hospital performance"]. ''Health Services Management Research'', 20(1): 48–58.</ref> The firm is decomposed into relatively small autonomous organizational units (modules) to reduce complexity. Modularization leads to a structure, in which the modules integrate strongly interdependent tasks, while the interdependencies between the modules are weak. In this connection the dissemination of modular organizational forms has been facilitated by the widespread efforts of the majority of large firms to re-engineer, refocus and restructure. These efforts usually involve a strong process-orientation: the complete service-provision process of the business is split up into partial processes, which can then be handled autonomously by cross-functional teams within organizational units (modules). The co-ordination of the modules is often carried out by using internal market mechanisms, in particular by the implementation of [[profit center]]s. Overall, modularization enables more flexible and quicker reaction to changing general or market conditions. Building on the above principles, many alternative forms of modularization of organizations (for-profit or non-profit) are possible.<ref name=Kostakis/><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Aas\|first1=Tor Helge\|last2=Pedersen\|first2=Per Egil\|date=2013\|title=The usefulness of componentization for specialized public service providers\|journal=Managing Service Quality\|volume=23\|issue=6\|pages=513–532\|doi=10.1108/MSQ-10-2012-0138}}</ref> However, modularization is not an independent and self-contained organizational concept, but rather consists of several basic ideas, which are integral parts of other organizational concepts. These central ideas can be found in every firm. Accordingly, it is not sensible to characterize a firm as "modular" or as "not modular", because firms are always modular to a some degree.
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	{{Reflist}}Research articles		{{Reflist}}Research articles

	# {{Cite conference \|last=Phukan \|first=Ripun \|last2=Nam \|first2=David \|last3=Dong \|first3=Dong \|last4=Burgos \|first4=Rolando \|date=2022-06-15 \|title=Design Considerations for a Modular 2-Stage LCLC Filter for Three Phase AC-DC Interleaved Converters \|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9813883/ \|conference=2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC) \|publisher=IEEE \|pages=517–522 \|doi=10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813883 \|isbn=978-1-6654-0560-7}}		# {{Cite conference \|last=Phukan \|first=Ripun \|last2=Nam \|first2=David \|last3=Dong \|first3=Dong \|last4=Burgos \|first4=Rolando \|date=2022-06-15 \|title=Design Considerations for a Modular 2-Stage LCLC Filter for Three Phase AC-DC Interleaved Converters \|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9813883/ \|conference=2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC) \|publisher=IEEE \|pages=517–522 \|doi=10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813883 \|isbn=978-1-6654-0560-7\|url-access=subscription }}
	# {{Cite journal \|last=Ohn \|first=Sungjae \|last2=Phukan \|first2=Ripun \|last3=Dong \|first3=Dong \|last4=Burgos \|first4=Rolando \|last5=Boroyevich \|first5=Dushan \|last6=Gopal \|first6=Mondal \|last7=Nielebock \|first7=Sebastian \|date=November 2022 \|title=A Scalable Filter Topology for $N$-Parallel Modular Three-Phase AC–DC Converters by an Arrangement of Coupled Inductors \|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9786667/ \|journal=IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics \|volume=37 \|issue=11 \|pages=13358–13367 \|doi=10.1109/TPEL.2022.3179396 \|issn=0885-8993}}		# {{Cite journal \|last=Ohn \|first=Sungjae \|last2=Phukan \|first2=Ripun \|last3=Dong \|first3=Dong \|last4=Burgos \|first4=Rolando \|last5=Boroyevich \|first5=Dushan \|last6=Gopal \|first6=Mondal \|last7=Nielebock \|first7=Sebastian \|date=November 2022 \|title=A Scalable Filter Topology for $N$-Parallel Modular Three-Phase AC–DC Converters by an Arrangement of Coupled Inductors \|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9786667/ \|journal=IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics \|volume=37 \|issue=11 \|pages=13358–13367 \|doi=10.1109/TPEL.2022.3179396 \|issn=0885-8993\|url-access=subscription }}
	# {{Cite journal \|last=Phukan \|first=Ripun \|last2=Nam \|first2=David \|last3=Ohn \|first3=Sungjae \|last4=Mondal \|first4=Gopal \|last5=Nielebock \|first5=Sebastian \|last6=Dong \|first6=Dong \|last7=Burgos \|first7=Rolando \|date=November 2022 \|title=Design of an Indirectly Coupled Filter Building Block for Modular Interleaved AC–DC Converters \|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9785924/ \|journal=IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics \|volume=37 \|issue=11 \|pages=13343–13357 \|doi=10.1109/TPEL.2022.3179346 \|issn=0885-8993}}		# {{Cite journal \|last=Phukan \|first=Ripun \|last2=Nam \|first2=David \|last3=Ohn \|first3=Sungjae \|last4=Mondal \|first4=Gopal \|last5=Nielebock \|first5=Sebastian \|last6=Dong \|first6=Dong \|last7=Burgos \|first7=Rolando \|date=November 2022 \|title=Design of an Indirectly Coupled Filter Building Block for Modular Interleaved AC–DC Converters \|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9785924/ \|journal=IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics \|volume=37 \|issue=11 \|pages=13343–13357 \|doi=10.1109/TPEL.2022.3179346 \|issn=0885-8993\|url-access=subscription }}
	# {{Cite conference \|last=Phukan \|first=Ripun \|last2=Ohn \|first2=Sungjae \|last3=Dong \|first3=Dong \|last4=Burgos \|first4=Rolando \|last5=Mondal \|first5=Gopal \|last6=Nielebock \|first6=Sebastian \|date=2020-10-11 \|title=Evaluation of Modular AC Filter Building Blocks for Full SiC based Grid-Tied Three Phase Converters \|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9236265/ \|conference=2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) \|publisher=IEEE \|pages=1835–1841 \|doi=10.1109/ECCE44975.2020.9236265 \|isbn=978-1-7281-5826-6}}		# {{Cite conference \|last=Phukan \|first=Ripun \|last2=Ohn \|first2=Sungjae \|last3=Dong \|first3=Dong \|last4=Burgos \|first4=Rolando \|last5=Mondal \|first5=Gopal \|last6=Nielebock \|first6=Sebastian \|date=2020-10-11 \|title=Evaluation of Modular AC Filter Building Blocks for Full SiC based Grid-Tied Three Phase Converters \|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9236265/ \|conference=2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) \|publisher=IEEE \|pages=1835–1841 \|doi=10.1109/ECCE44975.2020.9236265 \|isbn=978-1-7281-5826-6\|url-access=subscription }}
	# {{Cite conference \|last=Ohn \|first=Sungjae \|last2=Phukan \|first2=Ripun \|last3=Dong \|first3=Dong \|last4=Burgos \|first4=Rolando \|last5=Boroyevich \|first5=Dushan \|last6=Mondal \|first6=Gopal \|last7=Nielebock \|first7=Sebastian \|date=2020-10-11 \|title=Modular Filter Building Block for Modular full-SiC AC-DC Converters by an Arrangement of Coupled Inductors \|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9236309/ \|conference=2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) \|publisher=IEEE \|pages=4130–4136 \|doi=10.1109/ECCE44975.2020.9236309 \|isbn=978-1-7281-5826-6}}		# {{Cite conference \|last=Ohn \|first=Sungjae \|last2=Phukan \|first2=Ripun \|last3=Dong \|first3=Dong \|last4=Burgos \|first4=Rolando \|last5=Boroyevich \|first5=Dushan \|last6=Mondal \|first6=Gopal \|last7=Nielebock \|first7=Sebastian \|date=2020-10-11 \|title=Modular Filter Building Block for Modular full-SiC AC-DC Converters by an Arrangement of Coupled Inductors \|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9236309/ \|conference=2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) \|publisher=IEEE \|pages=4130–4136 \|doi=10.1109/ECCE44975.2020.9236309 \|isbn=978-1-7281-5826-6\|url-access=subscription }}
	# {{Cite conference \|last=Phukan \|first=Ripun \|last2=Ohn \|first2=Sungjae \|last3=Dong \|first3=Dong \|last4=Burgos \|first4=Rolando \|last5=Mondal \|first5=Gopal \|last6=Nielebock \|first6=Sebastian \|date=2020-10-11 \|title=Design and Optimization of a Highly Integrated Modular Filter Building Block for Three-Level Grid Tied Converters \|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9235895/ \|conference=2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) \|publisher=IEEE \|pages=4949–4956 \|doi=10.1109/ECCE44975.2020.9235895 \|isbn=978-1-7281-5826-6}}		# {{Cite conference \|last=Phukan \|first=Ripun \|last2=Ohn \|first2=Sungjae \|last3=Dong \|first3=Dong \|last4=Burgos \|first4=Rolando \|last5=Mondal \|first5=Gopal \|last6=Nielebock \|first6=Sebastian \|date=2020-10-11 \|title=Design and Optimization of a Highly Integrated Modular Filter Building Block for Three-Level Grid Tied Converters \|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9235895/ \|conference=2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) \|publisher=IEEE \|pages=4949–4956 \|doi=10.1109/ECCE44975.2020.9235895 \|isbn=978-1-7281-5826-6\|url-access=subscription }}

	[[Category:Modularity\| ]]		[[Category:Modularity\| ]]