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{{short description|Three-dimensional ocean circulation model for studying the ocean climate system}}
{{Infobox software
| name = Modular Ocean Model (MOM)
| logo = 
| logo alt =
| author =
| developer = [[Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory|NOAA/GFDL]]
| released = {{Start date and age|1990|12|5}} <small>(MOM1)</small>
| latest release version = 5.1.0
| latest release date = {{Start date and age|2014|03|25|df=no}}
| latest preview version = MOM6
| latest preview date = 
| programming language = [[Fortran]]
| operating system =
| platform =
| genre = [[Computer simulation]]
| license = [[GNU General Public License]]
| website = {{URL|gfdl.noaa.gov/mom-ocean-model}}
}}
The '''Modular Ocean Model''' ('''MOM''') is a three-dimensional [[ocean circulation]] model designed primarily for studying the [[ocean]] [[climate]] system. The model is developed and supported primarily by researchers at the [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]'s [[Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory]] (NOAA/GFDL) in Princeton, NJ, USA.

== Overview ==

MOM has traditionally been a level-coordinate ocean model, in which the ocean is divided into boxes whose bottoms are located at fixed depths. Such a representation makes it easy to solve the momentum equations and the well-mixed, weakly stratified layer known as the ocean [[mixed layer]] near the ocean surface. However, level coordinate models have problems when it comes to the representation of thin bottom boundary layers (Winton et al., 1998) and thick sea ice. Additionally, because mixing in the ocean interior is largely along lines of constant potential density rather than along lines of constant depth, mixing must be rotated relative to the coordinate grid- a process that can be computationally expensive. By contrast, in codes which represent the ocean in terms of constant-density layers (which represent the flow in the ocean interior much more faithfully)- representation of the ocean mixed layer becomes a challenge.

MOM3, MOM4, and MOM5 are used as a code base for the ocean component of the GFDL coupled models used in the [[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change|IPCC]] assessment reports, including the [[GFDL CM2.X]] physical climate model series and the ESM2M Earth System Model. Versions of MOM have been used in hundreds of scientific papers by authors around the world. MOM4 is used as the basis for the El Nino prediction system employed by the [[National Centers for Environmental Prediction]].

== History ==

MOM owes its genesis to work at GFDL in the late 1960s by [[Kirk Bryan (oceanographer)|Kirk Bryan]] and [[Michael Cox (oceanographer)|Michael Cox]]. This code, along with a version generated at GFDL and UCLA/NCAR by [[Bert Semtner]], is the ancestor of many of the level-coordinate ocean model codes run around the world today. In the late 1980s, [[Ron Pacanowski]], [[Keith Dixon]], and [[Tony Rosati]] at GFDL rewrote the Bryan-Cox-Semtner code in a modular form, enabling different options and configurations to be more easily generated and new physical parameterizations to be more easily included. This version, released on December 5, 1990, became known as Modular Ocean Model v1.0 (MOM1).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://github.com/mom-ocean/MOM1 |title=Modular Ocean Model version 1 |date=6 April 2017 |publisher=GFDL |access-date=2019-04-12 }}</ref> Further development by Pacanowski, aided by [[Charles Goldberg]] and encouraged by community feedback, led to the release of v2.0 (MOM2) in 1995. Pacanowski and Stephen Griffies released v3.0 (MOM3) in 1999. Griffies, Matthew Harrison, Rosati and Pacanowski, with considerable input from a scientific community of hundreds of users, resulted in significant evolution of the code released as v4.0 (MOM4) in 2003. An update, v4.1 (MOM4p1) was released by Griffies in 2009, as was the latest version v5.0 (MOM5), which was released in 2012.

== See also ==
{{portal|Oceans}}
* [[Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory]]

==References==
<references />

== External links ==
* [https://github.com/NOAA-GFDL/MOM6-examples MOM6 project]
* [https://mom-ocean.github.io/ MOM5 community website]
* [https://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/mom-ocean-model NOAA/GFDL Modular Ocean Model home page]
* [https://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/mom_history_2017.09.19.pdf History of MOM]
* [https://mom-ocean.github.io/assets/pdfs/MOM5_manual.pdf MOM5 manual]
* [https://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/wp-content/uploads/files/model_development/ocean/mom-guide4p1.pdf MOM4p1 manual]
* [https://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/wp-content/uploads/files/model_development/ocean/guide4p0.pdf MOM4 manual]
* [https://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/wp-content/uploads/files/model_development/ocean/mom3_manual.pdf MOM3 manual]
* [https://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/manual2.2.pdf MOM2 manual]
* [https://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/wp-content/uploads/files/model_development/ocean/gfdl_tech_report_2_mom1_manual_v1.0_1991.pdf MOM1 manual]
* [https://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/wp-content/uploads/files/model_development/ocean/gfdl_tech_report_1_cox_1984.pdf Cox code technical report]

{{Atmospheric, Oceanographic and Climate Models}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Modular Ocean Model}}
[[Category:Numerical climate and weather models]]
[[Category:Oceanographical terminology]]
[[Category:Physical oceanography]]

Modular Ocean Model - Revision history

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