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	The '''Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory''' ('''MMPI''') is a [[Standardized test\|standardized]] [[Psychometrics\|psychometric]] test of adult [[Personality psychology\|personality]] and [[psychopathology]].<ref name="Camara">{{cite journal \| url=http://antonioepuente.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/2000.Camara-Nathan-and-Puente-2000-psych-test-usage.pdf \| title=Psychological test usage: Implications in professional psychology \| author=Camara, W. J., Nathan, J. S., & Puente, A. E. \| journal=Professional Psychology: Research and Practice \| year=2000 \| volume=31 \| issue=2 \| pages=141–154 \| doi=10.1037/0735-7028.31.2.141 \| access-date=2014-01-03 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170318172127/http://antonioepuente.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/2000.Camara-Nathan-and-Puente-2000-psych-test-usage.pdf \| archive-date=2017-03-18 \| url-status=dead }}</ref> A version for adolescents also exists, the [[MMPI-A]], and was first published in 1992.<ref name="z455">{{cite web \| last=Butcher \| first=James N. \| title=Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent \| website=Pearson Assessments US \| date=17 Dec 2021 \| url=https://www.pearsonassessments.com/store/usassessments/en/Store/Professional-Assessments/Personality-%26-Biopsychosocial/Minnesota-Multiphasic-Personality-Inventory-Adolescent/p/100000465.html \| access-date=13 Jun 2024}}</ref> [[Psychologist]]s ~~and other mental health professionals~~ use various versions of the MMPI to help develop treatment plans, assist with [[differential diagnosis]], help answer legal questions ([[forensic psychology]]), screen job candidates during the [[personnel selection]] process, or as part of a [[therapeutic assessment]] procedure.<ref name="Butcher-Williams">{{cite journal \| title=Personality assessment with the mmpi-2: historical roots, international adaptations, and current challenges \| author=Butcher, J. N., & Williams, C. L. \| journal=Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being \| year=2009 \| volume=1 \| issue=1 \| pages=105–135 \| doi=10.1111/j.1758-0854.2008.01007.x}}</ref>		The '''Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory''' ('''MMPI''') is a [[Standardized test\|standardized]] [[Psychometrics\|psychometric]] test of adult [[Personality psychology\|personality]] and [[psychopathology]].<ref name="Camara">{{cite journal \| url=http://antonioepuente.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/2000.Camara-Nathan-and-Puente-2000-psych-test-usage.pdf \| title=Psychological test usage: Implications in professional psychology \| author=Camara, W. J., Nathan, J. S., & Puente, A. E. \| journal=Professional Psychology: Research and Practice \| year=2000 \| volume=31 \| issue=2 \| pages=141–154 \| doi=10.1037/0735-7028.31.2.141 \| access-date=2014-01-03 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170318172127/http://antonioepuente.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/2000.Camara-Nathan-and-Puente-2000-psych-test-usage.pdf \| archive-date=2017-03-18 \| url-status=dead }}</ref> A version for adolescents also exists, the [[MMPI-A]], and was first published in 1992.<ref name="z455">{{cite web \| last=Butcher \| first=James N. \| title=Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent \| website=Pearson Assessments US \| date=17 Dec 2021 \| url=https://www.pearsonassessments.com/store/usassessments/en/Store/Professional-Assessments/Personality-%26-Biopsychosocial/Minnesota-Multiphasic-Personality-Inventory-Adolescent/p/100000465.html \| access-date=13 Jun 2024}}</ref> [[Psychologist]]s use various versions of the MMPI to help develop treatment plans, assist with [[differential diagnosis]], help answer legal questions ([[forensic psychology]]), screen job candidates during the [[personnel selection]] process, or as part of a [[therapeutic assessment]] procedure.<ref name="Butcher-Williams">{{cite journal \| title=Personality assessment with the mmpi-2: historical roots, international adaptations, and current challenges \| author=Butcher, J. N., & Williams, C. L. \| journal=Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being \| year=2009 \| volume=1 \| issue=1 \| pages=105–135 \| doi=10.1111/j.1758-0854.2008.01007.x}}</ref>

	The original MMPI was developed by [[Starke R. Hathaway]] and [[J. C. McKinley]], faculty of the [[University of Minnesota]], and first published by the [[University of Minnesota Press]] in 1943.<ref name="MMPI-1">{{cite journal \| title=The Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory \| year=1943 \|author1=Schiele, B. C. \|author2=Baker, A. B. \|author3=Hathaway, S. R. \|journal=Journal-Lancet \| issue=63\| issn=0096-0233 \| pages=292–297\| url=http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=6&sid=2e82c8f0-be16-46c9-a0f8-d5b18f9ab03f%40sessionmgr111&hid=109&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=psyh&AN=1944-03192-001}}</ref> It was replaced by an updated version, the MMPI-2, in 1989 (Butcher, Dahlstrom, Graham, Tellegen, and Kaemmer).<ref>{{Cite book\|title=Principles and applications of assessment in counseling\|author=Whiston, Susan C.\|date=2013\|publisher=Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning\|isbn=9780840028556\|edition= 4th\|location=Belmont, CA\|pages=210\|oclc=798809560}}</ref> An alternative version of the test, the [[MMPI-2]] Restructured Form ([[MMPI-2-RF]]), published in 2008, retains some aspects of the traditional MMPI assessment strategy, but adopts a different theoretical approach to [[personality test]] development. The newest version ([[MMPI-3]]) was released in 2020.<ref name="MMPI-3 product page">{{cite web \|url=https://www.pearsonassessments.com/store/usassessments/en/Store/Professional-Assessments/Personality-%26-Biopsychosocial/Minnesota-Multiphasic-Personality-Inventory-3/p/P100000004.html \|title=MMPI-3 product page}}</ref>		The original MMPI was developed by [[Starke R. Hathaway]] and [[J. C. McKinley]], faculty of the [[University of Minnesota]], and first published by the [[University of Minnesota Press]] in 1943.<ref name="MMPI-1">{{cite journal \| title=The Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory \| year=1943 \|author1=Schiele, B. C. \|author2=Baker, A. B. \|author3=Hathaway, S. R. \|journal=Journal-Lancet \| issue=63\| issn=0096-0233 \| pages=292–297\| url=http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=6&sid=2e82c8f0-be16-46c9-a0f8-d5b18f9ab03f%40sessionmgr111&hid=109&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=psyh&AN=1944-03192-001}}</ref> It was replaced by an updated version, the MMPI-2, in 1989 (Butcher, Dahlstrom, Graham, Tellegen, and Kaemmer).<ref>{{Cite book\|title=Principles and applications of assessment in counseling\|author=Whiston, Susan C.\|date=2013\|publisher=Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning\|isbn=9780840028556\|edition= 4th\|location=Belmont, CA\|pages=210\|oclc=798809560}}</ref> An alternative version of the test, the [[MMPI-2]] Restructured Form ([[MMPI-2-RF]]), published in 2008, retains some aspects of the traditional MMPI assessment strategy, but adopts a different theoretical approach to [[personality test]] development. The newest version ([[MMPI-3]]) was released in 2020.<ref name="MMPI-3 product page">{{cite web \|url=https://www.pearsonassessments.com/store/usassessments/en/Store/Professional-Assessments/Personality-%26-Biopsychosocial/Minnesota-Multiphasic-Personality-Inventory-3/p/P100000004.html \|title=MMPI-3 product page}}</ref>
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	====Clinical subscales====		====Clinical subscales====
	The clinical scales are heterogeneous for their item content. To assist clinicians in interpreting the scales, researchers have developed subscales of more homogeneous items within each scale. The ''Harris–Lingoes (1955)'' scales was one of the most widely used results of this approach<ref>{{cite book \|title=Health Status of Vietnam Veterans, Volume IV: Psychological and Neuropsychological Evaluation \|year=1989 \|publisher=[[~~Center~~ for Disease Control]] \|page=164 \|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/veterans/pdfs/volumeiv/PsychologicalandNeuropsychologicalEvaluation4_5.pdf}}</ref> and were included in the MMPI-2<ref>{{cite web \|title=MMPI-2 scales \|url=https://www.upress.umn.edu/test-division/mmpi-2/mmpi-2-scales \|website=University of Minnesota Press}}</ref> and MMPI-A.<ref>{{cite web \|title=MMPI-A scales \|url=https://www.upress.umn.edu/test-division/mmpi-a/mmpi-a-scales \|website=University of Minnesota Press}}</ref>		The clinical scales are heterogeneous for their item content. To assist clinicians in interpreting the scales, researchers have developed subscales of more homogeneous items within each scale. The ''Harris–Lingoes (1955)'' scales was one of the most widely used results of this approach<ref>{{cite book \|title=Health Status of Vietnam Veterans, Volume IV: Psychological and Neuropsychological Evaluation \|year=1989 \|publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control]] \|page=164 \|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/veterans/pdfs/volumeiv/PsychologicalandNeuropsychologicalEvaluation4_5.pdf}}</ref> and were included in the MMPI-2<ref>{{cite web \|title=MMPI-2 scales \|url=https://www.upress.umn.edu/test-division/mmpi-2/mmpi-2-scales \|website=University of Minnesota Press}}</ref> and MMPI-A.<ref>{{cite web \|title=MMPI-A scales \|url=https://www.upress.umn.edu/test-division/mmpi-a/mmpi-a-scales \|website=University of Minnesota Press}}</ref>

	=== Restructured Clinical (RC) scales ===		=== Restructured Clinical (RC) scales ===
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	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+ Available translations<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.upress.umn.edu/test-division/translations/ \|title=Available translations \|website=[[University of Minnesota Press]] \|access-date=2025-06-04}}</ref>		\|+ Available translations (October 2025)<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.upress.umn.edu/test-division/translations/ \|title=Available translations \|website=[[University of Minnesota Press]] \|access-date=2025-06-04}}</ref>
	\|-		\|-
	! Language !! MMPI-2 !! MMPI-2-RF !! MMPI-A !! MMPI-A-RF !! MMPI-3		! Language !! MMPI-2 !! MMPI-2-RF !! MMPI-A !! MMPI-A-RF !! MMPI-3
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	[[Category:1943 establishments in Minnesota]]		[[Category:1943 establishments in Minnesota]]
	~~[[Category:Personality tests]]~~
	[[Category:University of Minnesota]]		[[Category:University of Minnesota]]
			[[Category:Self-report personality tests]]

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Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory - Revision history

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