Microcontroller - Revision history

imported>Wtshymanski: restore Undid revision 1327961461 by ~2025-41294-05 (talk)

2025-12-21T01:24:09Z

restore Undid revision 1327961461 by ~2025-41294-05 (talk)

← Previous revision		Revision as of 01:24, 21 December 2025
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	During the early-to-mid-1970s, Japanese electronics manufacturers began producing microcontrollers for automobiles, including 4-bit MCUs for [[in-car entertainment]], automatic wipers, electronic locks, and dashboard, and 8-bit MCUs for engine control.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Trends in the Semiconductor Industry \|url=http://www.shmj.or.jp/english/trends/trd70s.html \|website=Semiconductor History Museum of Japan \|access-date=2019-06-27 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190627082830/http://www.shmj.or.jp/english/trends/trd70s.html \|archive-date=2019-06-27 \|url-status=dead }}</ref>		During the early-to-mid-1970s, Japanese electronics manufacturers began producing microcontrollers for automobiles, including 4-bit MCUs for [[in-car entertainment]], automatic wipers, electronic locks, and dashboard, and 8-bit MCUs for engine control.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Trends in the Semiconductor Industry \|url=http://www.shmj.or.jp/english/trends/trd70s.html \|website=Semiconductor History Museum of Japan \|access-date=2019-06-27 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190627082830/http://www.shmj.or.jp/english/trends/trd70s.html \|archive-date=2019-06-27 \|url-status=dead }}</ref>

	Partly in response to the existence of the single-chip TMS 1000,<ref name=CMoral2008>{{cite web\|url=http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/access/text/2013/05/102658328-05-01-acc.pdf \|title=Oral History Panel on the Development and Promotion of the Intel 8048 Microcontroller\|work=Computer History Museum Oral History, 2008\|access-date=2016-04-04\|page=4}}</ref> Intel developed a computer system on a chip optimized for control applications, the [[Intel 8048]], with commercial parts first shipping in 1977.<ref name=CMoral2008/> It combined [[random-access memory\|RAM]] and [[read-only memory\|ROM]] on the same chip with a microprocessor. Among numerous applications, this chip would eventually find its way into over one billion PC keyboards. At that time Intel's President, Luke J. Valenter, stated that the microcontroller was one of the most successful products in the company's history, and he expanded the microcontroller division's budget by over 25%.		Partly in response to the existence of the single-chip [[Texas Instruments TMS1000\|TMS 1000]],<ref name=CMoral2008>{{cite web\|url=http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/access/text/2013/05/102658328-05-01-acc.pdf \|title=Oral History Panel on the Development and Promotion of the Intel 8048 Microcontroller\|work=Computer History Museum Oral History, 2008\|access-date=2016-04-04\|page=4}}</ref> Intel developed a computer system on a chip optimized for control applications, the [[Intel 8048]], with commercial parts first shipping in 1977.<ref name=CMoral2008/> It combined [[random-access memory\|RAM]] and [[read-only memory\|ROM]] on the same chip with a microprocessor. Among numerous applications, this chip would eventually find its way into over one billion PC keyboards. At that time Intel's President, Luke J. Valenter, stated that the microcontroller was one of the most successful products in the company's history, and he expanded the microcontroller division's budget by over 25%.

	{{multiple image \|total_width=420		{{multiple image \|total_width=420
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	The 32-bit MCU market is expected to grow rapidly due to increasing demand for higher levels of precision in embedded-processing systems and the growth in connectivity using the Internet. [..] In the next few years, complex 32-bit MCUs are expected to account for over 25% of the processing power in vehicles.\|IC Insights\|MCU Market on Migration Path to 32-bit and ARM-based Devices<ref name="vol">{{cite web \|url=http://www.icinsights.com/news/bulletins/MCU-Market-On-Migration-Path-To-32bit-And-ARMbased-Devices/		The 32-bit MCU market is expected to grow rapidly due to increasing demand for higher levels of precision in embedded-processing systems and the growth in connectivity using the Internet. [..] In the next few years, complex 32-bit MCUs are expected to account for over 25% of the processing power in vehicles.\|IC Insights\|MCU Market on Migration Path to 32-bit and ARM-based Devices<ref name="vol">{{cite web \|url=http://www.icinsights.com/news/bulletins/MCU-Market-On-Migration-Path-To-32bit-And-ARMbased-Devices/
			\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707194444/http://www.icinsights.com/news/bulletins/MCU-Market-On-Migration-Path-To-32bit-And-ARMbased-Devices
			\|url-status=usurped
			\|archive-date=July 7, 2014
	\|date=April 25, 2013		\|date=April 25, 2013
	\|title=MCU Market on Migration Path to 32-bit and ARM-based Devices		\|title=MCU Market on Migration Path to 32-bit and ARM-based Devices

imported>Rasptae: I've added a link to the page "Processor core"

2025-11-14T18:26:02Z

I've added a link to the page "Processor core"

← Previous revision		Revision as of 18:26, 14 November 2025
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	{{Short description\|Small computer on a single integrated circuit}}		{{Short description\|Small computer on a single integrated circuit}}
	{{for\|a small computer on a printed circuit board\|Microcomputer}}		{{for\|a small computer on a printed circuit board\|Microcomputer}}
	[[File:Intel 8742 153056995.jpg~~\|right~~\|thumb~~\|230px~~\|The [[die (integrated circuit)\|die]] from an [[Intel]] 8742, an 8-bit microcontroller that includes a [[Central processing unit\|CPU]] running at {{nowrap\|12 MHz,}} {{nowrap\|128 bytes}} of [[Random-access memory\|RAM]], {{nowrap\|2048 bytes}} of [[EPROM]], and [[Input/output\|I/O]] in the same chip]]		[[File:Intel 8742 153056995.jpg\|thumb\|The [[die (integrated circuit)\|die]] from an [[Intel]] 8742, an 8-bit microcontroller that includes a [[Central processing unit\|CPU]] running at {{nowrap\|12 MHz,}} {{nowrap\|128 bytes}} of [[Random-access memory\|RAM]], {{nowrap\|2048 bytes}} of [[EPROM]], and [[Input/output\|I/O]] in the same chip]]
	[[Image:Microcontrollers Atmega32 Atmega8.jpg\|thumbnail\|Two ATmega microcontrollers]]		[[Image:Microcontrollers Atmega32 Atmega8.jpg\|thumbnail\|Two ATmega microcontrollers]]

	A '''microcontroller''' ('''MC''', '''uC''', or '''μC''') or '''microcontroller unit''' ('''MCU''') is a small [[computer]] on a single [[integrated circuit]]. A microcontroller contains one or more [[~~Central processing unit~~\|~~CPUs]] ([[~~processor ~~core~~]]s) along with [[Computer memory\|memory]] and programmable [[input/output]] peripherals. Program memory in the form of [[Flash memory#NOR flash\|NOR flash]], [[Programmable read-only memory\|OTP ROM]], or [[ferroelectric RAM]] is also often included on the chip, as well as a small amount of [[random-access memory\|RAM]]. Microcontrollers are designed for [[Embedded system\|embedded]] applications, in contrast to the [[microprocessor]]s used in [[personal computer]]s or other general-purpose applications consisting of various discrete chips.		A '''microcontroller''' ('''MC''', '''uC''', or '''μC''') or '''microcontroller unit''' ('''MCU''') is a small [[computer]] on a single [[integrated circuit]]. A microcontroller contains one or more [[Processor core\|processor cores]] along with [[Computer memory\|memory]] and programmable [[input/output]] peripherals. Program memory in the form of [[Flash memory#NOR flash\|NOR flash]], [[Programmable read-only memory\|OTP ROM]], or [[ferroelectric RAM]] is also often included on the chip, as well as a small amount of [[random-access memory\|RAM]]. Microcontrollers are designed for [[Embedded system\|embedded]] applications, in contrast to the [[microprocessor]]s used in [[personal computer]]s or other general-purpose applications consisting of various discrete chips.

	In modern terminology, a microcontroller is similar to, but less sophisticated than, a [[system on a chip]] (SoC). A SoC may include a microcontroller as one of its components but usually integrates it with advanced peripherals like a [[graphics processing unit]] (GPU), a [[Wi-Fi]] module, or one or more [[coprocessor]]s.		In modern terminology, a microcontroller is similar to, but less sophisticated than, a [[system on a chip]] (SoC). A SoC may include a microcontroller as one of its components but usually integrates it with advanced peripherals like a [[graphics processing unit]] (GPU), a [[Wi-Fi]] module, or one or more [[coprocessor]]s.
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	Microcontrollers were originally programmed only in [[assembly language]], but various [[high-level programming language]]s, such as [[C (programming language)\|C]], [[Python (programming language)\|Python]] and [[JavaScript]], are now also in common use to target microcontrollers and [[embedded systems]].<ref>{{cite conference \|chapter=Changing the programming paradigm for the embedded in the IoT domain \|last1=Mazzei \|first1= Daniele \|last2= Montelisciani \|first2= Gabriele \|last3= Baldi \|first3= Giacomo \|last4= Fantoni \|first4=Gualtiero \|title= 2015 IEEE 2nd World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT) \|date= 2015 \|publisher= IEEE \|pages= 239–244 \|conference=Internet of Things (WF-IoT), 2015 IEEE 2nd World Forum on \|location=Milan \|doi= 10.1109/WF-IoT.2015.7389059\|isbn= 978-1-5090-0366-2 }}</ref> [[Compiler]]s for [[general-purpose language]]s will typically have some restrictions as well as enhancements to better support the unique characteristics of microcontrollers. Some microcontrollers have environments to aid developing certain types of applications. Microcontroller vendors often make tools freely available to make it easier to adopt their hardware.		Microcontrollers were originally programmed only in [[assembly language]], but various [[high-level programming language]]s, such as [[C (programming language)\|C]], [[Python (programming language)\|Python]] and [[JavaScript]], are now also in common use to target microcontrollers and [[embedded systems]].<ref>{{cite conference \|chapter=Changing the programming paradigm for the embedded in the IoT domain \|last1=Mazzei \|first1= Daniele \|last2= Montelisciani \|first2= Gabriele \|last3= Baldi \|first3= Giacomo \|last4= Fantoni \|first4=Gualtiero \|title= 2015 IEEE 2nd World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT) \|date= 2015 \|publisher= IEEE \|pages= 239–244 \|conference=Internet of Things (WF-IoT), 2015 IEEE 2nd World Forum on \|location=Milan \|doi= 10.1109/WF-IoT.2015.7389059\|isbn= 978-1-5090-0366-2 }}</ref> [[Compiler]]s for [[general-purpose language]]s will typically have some restrictions as well as enhancements to better support the unique characteristics of microcontrollers. Some microcontrollers have environments to aid developing certain types of applications. Microcontroller vendors often make tools freely available to make it easier to adopt their hardware.

	Microcontrollers with specialty hardware may require their own non-standard dialects of C, such as [[Small Device C Compiler\|SDCC for the 8051]], which prevent using standard tools (such as code libraries or static analysis tools) even for code unrelated to hardware features. [[Interpreter (computing)\|Interpreters]] may also contain nonstandard features, such as [[MicroPython]], although a fork, [[CircuitPython]], has looked to move hardware dependencies to libraries and have the language adhere to a more [[CPython]] standard.		Microcontrollers with specialty hardware may require their own non-standard dialects of C, such as [[Small Device C Compiler\|SDCC for the 8051]], which prevent using standard tools (such as code libraries or static analysis tools) even for code unrelated to hardware features. [[Interpreter (computing)\|Interpreters]] may also contain nonstandard features, such as [[MicroPython]], although a [[Fork (software_development)\|fork]], [[CircuitPython]], has looked to move hardware dependencies to libraries and have the language adhere to a more [[CPython]] standard.

	Interpreter firmware is also available for some microcontrollers. For example, [[BASIC programming language\|BASIC]] on the early microcontroller [[Intel]] [[8052]];<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.lvr.com/microc.htm \|title=8052-Basic Microcontrollers \|author=Jan Axelson \|date=1994}}</ref> BASIC and [[Forth (programming language)\|FORTH]] on the [[Zilog Z8]]<ref>{{cite tech report \|last1=Edwards \|first1=Robert \|year=1987 \|title=Optimizing the Zilog Z8 Forth Microcontroller for Rapid Prototyping \|page=3 \|publisher=Martin Marietta \|url=https://technicalreports.ornl.gov/1987/3445602791343.pdf \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124143800/https://technicalreports.ornl.gov/1987/3445602791343.pdf \|archive-date=24 January 2023 \|url-status=dead}}</ref> as well as some modern devices. Typically these interpreters support [[interactive programming]].		Interpreter firmware is also available for some microcontrollers. For example, [[BASIC programming language\|BASIC]] on the early microcontroller [[Intel]] [[8052]];<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.lvr.com/microc.htm \|title=8052-Basic Microcontrollers \|author=Jan Axelson \|date=1994}}</ref> BASIC and [[Forth (programming language)\|FORTH]] on the [[Zilog Z8]]<ref>{{cite tech report \|last1=Edwards \|first1=Robert \|year=1987 \|title=Optimizing the Zilog Z8 Forth Microcontroller for Rapid Prototyping \|page=3 \|publisher=Martin Marietta \|url=https://technicalreports.ornl.gov/1987/3445602791343.pdf \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124143800/https://technicalreports.ornl.gov/1987/3445602791343.pdf \|archive-date=24 January 2023 \|url-status=dead}}</ref> as well as some modern devices. Typically these interpreters support [[interactive programming]].

imported>Housecarl: LED's -> LEDs

2025-06-23T19:38:13Z

LED's -> LEDs

← Previous revision		Revision as of 19:38, 23 June 2025
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	}}</ref> The majority of microcontrollers in use today are embedded in other machinery, such as automobiles, telephones, appliances, and peripherals for computer systems.		}}</ref> The majority of microcontrollers in use today are embedded in other machinery, such as automobiles, telephones, appliances, and peripherals for computer systems.

	While some embedded systems are very sophisticated, many have minimal requirements for memory and program length, with no [[operating system]], and low software complexity. Typical input and output devices include switches, [[relay]]s, [[solenoid]]s, [[Light-emitting diode\|LED]]'s, small or custom [[liquid-crystal display]]s, radio frequency devices, and sensors for data such as temperature, humidity, light level etc. Embedded systems usually have no keyboard, screen, disks, printers, or other recognizable I/O devices of a [[personal computer]], and may lack human interaction devices of any kind.		While some embedded systems are very sophisticated, many have minimal requirements for memory and program length, with no [[operating system]], and low software complexity. Typical input and output devices include switches, [[relay]]s, [[solenoid]]s, [[Light-emitting diode\|LED]]s, small or custom [[liquid-crystal display]]s, radio frequency devices, and sensors for data such as temperature, humidity, light level etc. Embedded systems usually have no keyboard, screen, disks, printers, or other recognizable I/O devices of a [[personal computer]], and may lack human interaction devices of any kind.

	=== Interrupts ===		=== Interrupts ===

imported>InklingF: Reverted 1 edit by 149.71.109.73 (talk) to last revision by Graham87

2025-06-16T12:50:03Z

Reverted 1 edit by 149.71.109.73 (talk) to last revision by Graham87

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	Microcontrollers are used in [[Control system\|automatically controlled]] products and devices, such as automobile engine control systems, implantable medical devices, remote controls, office machines, appliances, power tools, toys, and other [[embedded system]]s. By reducing the size and cost compared to a design that uses a separate [[microprocessor]], memory, and input/output devices, microcontrollers make digital control of more devices and processes practical. [[Mixed-signal integrated circuit\|Mixed-signal]] microcontrollers are common, integrating analog components needed to control non-digital electronic systems. In the context of the [[internet of things\|Internet of Things]], microcontrollers are an economical and popular means of [[data collection]], [[Sensor\|sensing]] and [[Actuator\|actuating]] the physical world as [[edge device]]s.		Microcontrollers are used in [[Control system\|automatically controlled]] products and devices, such as automobile engine control systems, implantable medical devices, remote controls, office machines, appliances, power tools, toys, and other [[embedded system]]s. By reducing the size and cost compared to a design that uses a separate [[microprocessor]], memory, and input/output devices, microcontrollers make digital control of more devices and processes practical. [[Mixed-signal integrated circuit\|Mixed-signal]] microcontrollers are common, integrating analog components needed to control non-digital electronic systems. In the context of the [[internet of things\|Internet of Things]], microcontrollers are an economical and popular means of [[data collection]], [[Sensor\|sensing]] and [[Actuator\|actuating]] the physical world as [[edge device]]s.

	Some microcontrollers may use four-bit [[Word (computer architecture)\|words]] and operate at frequencies as low as {{nowrap\|4 kHz}} for low [[Electric energy consumption\|power consumption]] (single-digit [[Watt\|milliwatts]] or microwatts). They generally have the ability to retain functionality while [[Wait state\|waiting]] for an [[Event-driven architecture\|event]] such as a button press or other [[interrupt]]; power consumption while sleeping (CPU clock and most peripherals off) may be just nanowatts, making many of them well suited for long lasting battery applications. Other microcontrollers may serve performance-critical roles, where they may need to act more like a [[digital signal processor]] (DSP), with higher clock speeds and power consumption.		Some microcontrollers may use four-bit [[Word (computer architecture)\|words]] and operate at frequencies as low as {{nowrap\|4 kHz}} for low [[Electric energy consumption\|power consumption]] (single-digit [[Watt\|milliwatts]] or microwatts). They generally have the ability to retain functionality while [[Wait state\|waiting]] for an [[Event-driven architecture\|event]] such as a button press or other [[interrupt]]; power consumption while sleeping (with the CPU clock and most peripherals off) may be just nanowatts, making many of them well suited for long lasting battery applications. Other microcontrollers may serve performance-critical roles, where they may need to act more like a [[digital signal processor]] (DSP), with higher clock speeds and power consumption.

	== History ==		== History ==

imported>Duckmather: Undid revision 1290463175 by VerySigmasss (talk): doesn't make sense

2025-05-15T02:12:09Z

Undid revision 1290463175 by VerySigmasss (talk): doesn't make sense

Show changes

← Previous revision		Revision as of 18:26, 14 November 2025
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	{{Short description\|Small computer on a single integrated circuit}}		{{Short description\|Small computer on a single integrated circuit}}
	{{for\|a small computer on a printed circuit board\|Microcomputer}}		{{for\|a small computer on a printed circuit board\|Microcomputer}}
	[[File:Intel 8742 153056995.jpg~~\|right~~\|thumb~~\|230px~~\|The [[die (integrated circuit)\|die]] from an [[Intel]] 8742, an 8-bit microcontroller that includes a [[Central processing unit\|CPU]] running at {{nowrap\|12 MHz,}} {{nowrap\|128 bytes}} of [[Random-access memory\|RAM]], {{nowrap\|2048 bytes}} of [[EPROM]], and [[Input/output\|I/O]] in the same chip]]		[[File:Intel 8742 153056995.jpg\|thumb\|The [[die (integrated circuit)\|die]] from an [[Intel]] 8742, an 8-bit microcontroller that includes a [[Central processing unit\|CPU]] running at {{nowrap\|12 MHz,}} {{nowrap\|128 bytes}} of [[Random-access memory\|RAM]], {{nowrap\|2048 bytes}} of [[EPROM]], and [[Input/output\|I/O]] in the same chip]]
	[[Image:Microcontrollers Atmega32 Atmega8.jpg\|thumbnail\|Two ATmega microcontrollers]]		[[Image:Microcontrollers Atmega32 Atmega8.jpg\|thumbnail\|Two ATmega microcontrollers]]

	A '''microcontroller''' ('''MC''', '''uC''', or '''μC''') or '''microcontroller unit''' ('''MCU''') is a small [[computer]] on a single [[integrated circuit]]. A microcontroller contains one or more [[~~Central processing unit~~\|~~CPUs]] ([[~~processor ~~core~~]]s) along with [[Computer memory\|memory]] and programmable [[input/output]] peripherals. Program memory in the form of [[Flash memory#NOR flash\|NOR flash]], [[Programmable read-only memory\|OTP ROM]], or [[ferroelectric RAM]] is also often included on the chip, as well as a small amount of [[random-access memory\|RAM]]. Microcontrollers are designed for [[Embedded system\|embedded]] applications, in contrast to the [[microprocessor]]s used in [[personal computer]]s or other general-purpose applications consisting of various discrete chips.		A '''microcontroller''' ('''MC''', '''uC''', or '''μC''') or '''microcontroller unit''' ('''MCU''') is a small [[computer]] on a single [[integrated circuit]]. A microcontroller contains one or more [[Processor core\|processor cores]] along with [[Computer memory\|memory]] and programmable [[input/output]] peripherals. Program memory in the form of [[Flash memory#NOR flash\|NOR flash]], [[Programmable read-only memory\|OTP ROM]], or [[ferroelectric RAM]] is also often included on the chip, as well as a small amount of [[random-access memory\|RAM]]. Microcontrollers are designed for [[Embedded system\|embedded]] applications, in contrast to the [[microprocessor]]s used in [[personal computer]]s or other general-purpose applications consisting of various discrete chips.

	In modern terminology, a microcontroller is similar to, but less sophisticated than, a [[system on a chip]] (SoC). A SoC may include a microcontroller as one of its components but usually integrates it with advanced peripherals like a [[graphics processing unit]] (GPU), a [[Wi-Fi]] module, or one or more [[coprocessor]]s.		In modern terminology, a microcontroller is similar to, but less sophisticated than, a [[system on a chip]] (SoC). A SoC may include a microcontroller as one of its components but usually integrates it with advanced peripherals like a [[graphics processing unit]] (GPU), a [[Wi-Fi]] module, or one or more [[coprocessor]]s.
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	Microcontrollers were originally programmed only in [[assembly language]], but various [[high-level programming language]]s, such as [[C (programming language)\|C]], [[Python (programming language)\|Python]] and [[JavaScript]], are now also in common use to target microcontrollers and [[embedded systems]].<ref>{{cite conference \|chapter=Changing the programming paradigm for the embedded in the IoT domain \|last1=Mazzei \|first1= Daniele \|last2= Montelisciani \|first2= Gabriele \|last3= Baldi \|first3= Giacomo \|last4= Fantoni \|first4=Gualtiero \|title= 2015 IEEE 2nd World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT) \|date= 2015 \|publisher= IEEE \|pages= 239–244 \|conference=Internet of Things (WF-IoT), 2015 IEEE 2nd World Forum on \|location=Milan \|doi= 10.1109/WF-IoT.2015.7389059\|isbn= 978-1-5090-0366-2 }}</ref> [[Compiler]]s for [[general-purpose language]]s will typically have some restrictions as well as enhancements to better support the unique characteristics of microcontrollers. Some microcontrollers have environments to aid developing certain types of applications. Microcontroller vendors often make tools freely available to make it easier to adopt their hardware.		Microcontrollers were originally programmed only in [[assembly language]], but various [[high-level programming language]]s, such as [[C (programming language)\|C]], [[Python (programming language)\|Python]] and [[JavaScript]], are now also in common use to target microcontrollers and [[embedded systems]].<ref>{{cite conference \|chapter=Changing the programming paradigm for the embedded in the IoT domain \|last1=Mazzei \|first1= Daniele \|last2= Montelisciani \|first2= Gabriele \|last3= Baldi \|first3= Giacomo \|last4= Fantoni \|first4=Gualtiero \|title= 2015 IEEE 2nd World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT) \|date= 2015 \|publisher= IEEE \|pages= 239–244 \|conference=Internet of Things (WF-IoT), 2015 IEEE 2nd World Forum on \|location=Milan \|doi= 10.1109/WF-IoT.2015.7389059\|isbn= 978-1-5090-0366-2 }}</ref> [[Compiler]]s for [[general-purpose language]]s will typically have some restrictions as well as enhancements to better support the unique characteristics of microcontrollers. Some microcontrollers have environments to aid developing certain types of applications. Microcontroller vendors often make tools freely available to make it easier to adopt their hardware.

	Microcontrollers with specialty hardware may require their own non-standard dialects of C, such as [[Small Device C Compiler\|SDCC for the 8051]], which prevent using standard tools (such as code libraries or static analysis tools) even for code unrelated to hardware features. [[Interpreter (computing)\|Interpreters]] may also contain nonstandard features, such as [[MicroPython]], although a fork, [[CircuitPython]], has looked to move hardware dependencies to libraries and have the language adhere to a more [[CPython]] standard.		Microcontrollers with specialty hardware may require their own non-standard dialects of C, such as [[Small Device C Compiler\|SDCC for the 8051]], which prevent using standard tools (such as code libraries or static analysis tools) even for code unrelated to hardware features. [[Interpreter (computing)\|Interpreters]] may also contain nonstandard features, such as [[MicroPython]], although a [[Fork (software_development)\|fork]], [[CircuitPython]], has looked to move hardware dependencies to libraries and have the language adhere to a more [[CPython]] standard.

	Interpreter firmware is also available for some microcontrollers. For example, [[BASIC programming language\|BASIC]] on the early microcontroller [[Intel]] [[8052]];<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.lvr.com/microc.htm \|title=8052-Basic Microcontrollers \|author=Jan Axelson \|date=1994}}</ref> BASIC and [[Forth (programming language)\|FORTH]] on the [[Zilog Z8]]<ref>{{cite tech report \|last1=Edwards \|first1=Robert \|year=1987 \|title=Optimizing the Zilog Z8 Forth Microcontroller for Rapid Prototyping \|page=3 \|publisher=Martin Marietta \|url=https://technicalreports.ornl.gov/1987/3445602791343.pdf \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124143800/https://technicalreports.ornl.gov/1987/3445602791343.pdf \|archive-date=24 January 2023 \|url-status=dead}}</ref> as well as some modern devices. Typically these interpreters support [[interactive programming]].		Interpreter firmware is also available for some microcontrollers. For example, [[BASIC programming language\|BASIC]] on the early microcontroller [[Intel]] [[8052]];<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.lvr.com/microc.htm \|title=8052-Basic Microcontrollers \|author=Jan Axelson \|date=1994}}</ref> BASIC and [[Forth (programming language)\|FORTH]] on the [[Zilog Z8]]<ref>{{cite tech report \|last1=Edwards \|first1=Robert \|year=1987 \|title=Optimizing the Zilog Z8 Forth Microcontroller for Rapid Prototyping \|page=3 \|publisher=Martin Marietta \|url=https://technicalreports.ornl.gov/1987/3445602791343.pdf \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124143800/https://technicalreports.ornl.gov/1987/3445602791343.pdf \|archive-date=24 January 2023 \|url-status=dead}}</ref> as well as some modern devices. Typically these interpreters support [[interactive programming]].