imported>Marcocapelle: /* External links */Removed parent category of Category:Christian monasteries established in the 1310s

2024-11-28T21:13:26Z

External links: Removed parent category of Category:Christian monasteries established in the 1310s

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{{Short description|Former monastery in Lower Austria, Austria}}
[[File:Mauerbach - Klosterkirche.JPG|thumb|Carthusian church]]
[[File:Mauerbach - Kartause (d).JPG|thumb|Aerial view of the Mauerbach Charterhouse]]
'''Mauerbach Charterhouse''' ({{langx|de|Kartause Mauerbach}}), in [[Mauerbach]] on the outskirts of [[Vienna]], [[Austria]], is a former [[Carthusian]] [[monastery]], or charterhouse. Founded in 1314 and rebuilt in the 17th and 18th centuries, the [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] monastic complex is one of the most important structures of its kind in Austria. Since 1984 the former charterhouse has been undergoing restoration by the Austrian Federal Monuments Office ("''[[Österreichischer Bundesdenkmalamt]]''" or BDA), which has its workshops there.

==History==

[[File:Kartause-mauerbach-zellen.jpg|thumb|Monks' cells]]
Mauerbach Charterhouse was founded in 1314 by the [[Duchy of Austria|Austrian]] duke [[Frederick the Fair]], who was later buried here.<ref>After the charterhouse was dissolved in 1782 his remains were moved to their present location in the [[Ducal Crypt (Vienna)|Ducal Crypt]] in the [[Stephansdom]], [[Vienna]].</ref> The new foundation was settled by 12 monks under Prior Gottfried descending from [[Žiče Charterhouse|Seiz]] (Žiče) in [[Duchy of Styria|Styria]] and was consecrated in 1316. In 1342 the [[Prague]] Charterhouse (at [[Smíchov]]), destroyed in the [[Hussite Wars]], was settled by monks who probably came from Mauerbach.
[[File:Mauerbach - Kartause.JPG|thumb|Mauerbach - Kartause]]
The monastery was plundered and set on fire, and some of the [[Carthusian Martyrs|monks were massacred]], by [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] troops during the 1529 [[Siege of Vienna (1529)|Siege of Vienna]], and suffered further serious structural damage by the [[1590 Neulengbach earthquake]]. Under Abbot Georg Fasel (1616–1631) an intensive rebuilding programme began, finishing in 1660, during which the great majority of the present-day buildings were constructed. The chronicle of the charterhouse written by Abbot Leopold Brenner was available from as early as 1669, but was not printed until 1725. Brenner had lived here from 1641 and made his profession in 1650, and was thus an eyewitness of the building of the early Baroque monastery. In 1683 renewed Turkish assaults during the [[Battle of Vienna]] caused more destruction, launching a further programme of repairs and refurbishments which finished only in 1750.


== Dissolution ==
In 1782 the monastery was dissolved as "non-productive" by Emperor [[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph II]] during his [[Josephinism|rationalist reforms]] and from 1786 the premises were used for the care of the old and incurably ill of the city of Vienna. Many structural alterations were carried out to adapt the buildings to their new function.

In 1944-45 the former monastery was put to use as an emergency hospital. Between 1945 and 1961 the charterhouse was used to house the homeless. During this period the structure was badly neglected, and allowed to fall derelict from exposure to the elements. In 1961 it was acquired by the Austrian federal government and was eventually taken over in 1979 by the ''Bundesbaudirektion'' ("Federal Buildings Directorate"). Since 1984 the complex has housed the workshops of the ''Bundesdenkmalamt'' (Monuments Office).

The buildings were also used for decades as a store for works of art that had been looted by the [[Nazis]] and classified by the Austrian State as "ownerless" (''"herrenloses Kunstgut"'').<ref>Birgit Kirchmayr: [http://www.eforum-zeitgeschichte.at/3_01a6.html "Es ging mehr um den persönlichen Wert..." Der NS-Kunstraub im Kontext kultureller Auslöschungspolitik] 2001 for ''eForum zeitGeschichte'' (cf proceedings of the 5th Austrian Contemporary History Day in Klagenfurt, 6 October 2001) {{in lang|de}}</ref>

== Restoration ==
In 1984 the Austrian Federal Monuments Office ("''Österreichischer Bundesdenkmalamt''") began the painstaking process of repair and restoration. The department's restoration workshops are now also located here.<ref>[http://www.bda.at/organisation/1034/ Restaurierwerkstätten Baudenkmalpflege Kartause Mauerbach] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603223648/http://bda.at/organisation/1034/ |date=2011-06-03 }}, BDA {{in lang|de}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Mauerbach 3.jpg|Porta Prima
File:Kartause Mauerbach 2.jpg|Eagle's Gate
File:Mauerbach Hofbrunnen.JPG|Courtyard fountain
File:Kartause Mauerbach 1.jpg|Emperor's Small Gate
File:Mauerbach Vorraum.jpg|Antechamber
File:Mauerbach Stiege.jpg|Staircase
File:Mauerbach - Klosterkirche, Hochaltar.JPG|High altar
File:Kartause Mauerbach 4.jpg|Christ's Garden
File:Großer Kreuzgang Wandmalerei.JPG|Mural Painting in the large cloister
</gallery>

==Notes and references==
{{reflist}}

== Sources ==
* Fahringer, Karl (1994): ''Eine so gute Gelegenheit. Die Aufhebung der Kartause Mauerbach. Ein "Tagebuch".'' Mauerbacher Beiträge Nr. 3/4. Mauerbach 1994
* Fahringer, Karl (2007): ''Alten und Elenden ihr trauriges Daseyn etwas milder zu machen. Das Schicksal der ehemaligen Kartause Mauerbach (1782 - 2007). Geschichte und Geschichten.'' Mauerbacher Beiträge Nr. 13–15. Mauerbach 2007.

==External links==
* [http://www.bda.at/mauerbach/default.htm Österreichisches Bundesdenkmalamt (BDA): Kartause Mauerbach] {{in lang|de}}
* [http://bda.at/text/136/1124/5595/ BDA: Geschichte der Kartause Mauerbach] (history of Mauerbach Charterhouse) {{in lang|de}}
* [http://bda.at/dossier/9466/ Dossier / BDA: Kartause Mauerbach: Die Mönche] (the monks) {{in lang|de}}
* [http://www.hochbau.tuwien.ac.at/lehre/lva/lehrveranstaltungen/erhaltung-und-erneuerung/die-kartause-mauerbach.html Die Kartause Mauerbach - 10 Jahre Umbau im Dienste des Denkmalschutzes], Institut für Hochbaukonstruktionen u. Bauwerkserhaltung | TU Wien {{in lang|de}}
{{commons category|Kartause Mauerbach}}

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{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Carthusian monasteries in Austria]]
[[Category:1313 establishments in Europe]]
[[Category:1782 disestablishments]]
[[Category:Christian monasteries established in the 1310s]]
[[Category:Monasteries in Lower Austria]]
[[Category:Establishments in the Duchy of Austria]]

Mauerbach Charterhouse - Revision history

imported>Marcocapelle: /* External links */Removed parent category of Category:Christian monasteries established in the 1310s