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Ancestry

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{{other people|Mary of Burgundy}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Mary of Burgundy
| title = [[Duchess of Cleves]], Countess of Mark
| image = Marie of Burgundy, Duchess of Cleves.png
| caption =
| birth_date = 1393
| birth_place = [[Dijon]], [[Kingdom of France|France]]
| death_date =30 October {{death year and age|1466|1393}}
| death_place = Monterberg Castle, [[Kalkar]], [[Duchy of Cleves|Cleves]]
| burial =
| spouse = [[Adolph I, Duke of Cleves]]
| issue = [[Margaret of Cleves (1416–1444)|Margaret, Duchess of Bavaria, Countess of Württemberg]] [[Catherine of Cleves (1417–1479)|Catherine, Duchess of Guelders]] [[John I, Duke of Cleves]] Elisabeth of Cleves [[Agnes of Cleves|Agnes, Queen of Navarre]] Helen, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg [[Adolph of Cleves, Lord of Ravenstein]] [[Marie de Clèves (1426–1487)|Marie, Duchess of Orléans]]
| house = [[House of Valois-Burgundy|Valois-Burgundy]]
| father = [[John the Fearless]]
| mother = [[Margaret of Bavaria]]
}}
'''Mary of Burgundy, Duchess of Cleves''' (1393 – 30 October 1466) was the second child of [[John the Fearless]] and [[Margaret of Bavaria]],<ref>{{cite book |title=The illuminated page: ten centuries of manuscript painting in the British Library |page=166 |author=Janet Backhouse |year=1997}}</ref> and an elder sister of [[Philip the Good]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Isabel of Burgundy |page=64 |author=Aline S. Taylor |year=2002}}</ref>

Born in [[Dijon]], she became the second wife of [[Adolph I, Duke of Cleves|Adolph, Count of Mark]] in May 1406. He was made the 1st [[Duke of Cleves]] in 1417. They were the grandparents of King [[Louis XII of France]] and the great-grandparents of [[John III, Duke of Cleves]], father of [[Anne of Cleves]], who was fourth Queen consort of [[Henry VIII of England]]. By their daughter, [[Catherine of Cleves (1417–1479)|Catherine]], they were ancestors of [[Mary, Queen of Scots]].

The Duke and Duchess of Cleves lived at [[Wijnendale Castle]] in [[West Flanders]]. She died in [[Duchy of Cleves|Cleves]] in present-day Monterberg, [[Kalkar]].

==Influence==
At the death of [[Adolph I, Duke of Cleves|Adolph of Cleves]] in 1448, his son [[John I, Duke of Cleves|John I of Cleves]] succeeded him. Mary retired to {{interlanguage link|Monterberg Castle|de|Burg Monterberg|eo|Kastelo Monterberg|fr|Château de Monterberg}}, near Kalkar. Returning from a trip to the Middle East in 1449, John visited the [[Benedictine]] [[monastery]] of Bologna and decided with his mother to found a similar monastery in Kalkar, which would be built to house a dozen monks.<ref>[http://kirchensite.de/aktuelles/aus-den-regionen/aus-den-regionen-news/datum/2013/09/03/dominikaner-in-kalkar/ « Dominikaner in Kalkar »] sur kirchesite.de.</ref> Construction began in 1453 and was complete by 1457.<ref>[http://www.kle-point.de/aktuell/neuigkeiten/eintrag.php?eintrag_id=101671 « Die Dominikaner in Kalkar »] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303173808/http://www.kle-point.de/aktuell/neuigkeiten/eintrag.php?eintrag_id=101671 |date=2016-03-03 }} sur le site KLE-point.</ref> The buildings housed numerous works of art and a large library. After secularization in 1802, the church and most of the buildings were demolished, works of art spread throughout the surrounding churches, notably in the [[:fr:Église Saint-Nicolas (Kalkar)|Church of St. Nicholas]] in Kalkar. From the monastery only a part of a wall remains.

The city was driven by development of the wool weaving industry. The wealthy [[bourgeois]] and the presence of the nobility in the person of Mary attracted artists, solicited for their works in oils and clay. The Kalkar church, completed in 1450, and the monastery, were the subject of many decorations. The city became, until the early sixteenth century, the center of a school of sculpture including {{interlanguage link|Heinrich Douvermann|cs||de||es|Henrik Douverman|fr|Henrik Douverman|it}}. Further, scientists like [[Konrad Heresbach]], counselor of the Dukes of Cleves, [[humanist]], lawyer, educator and farmer, periodically resided in Kalkar. This flourishing period ended in the mid-sixteenth century, when, after the fall of weaving activities, epidemics of plague decimated the population.

== Issue ==
{{House of Valois (Burgundy)}}
*[[Margaret of Cleves (1416–1444)|Margaret]] (23 February 1416 – 20 May 1444), married first [[William III, Duke of Bavaria]] on 11 May 1433, second [[Ulrich V, Count of Württemberg]] on 29 January 1441
*[[Catherine of Cleves (1417–1479)|Catherine of Cleves]] (25 May 1417 – 10 February 1479); married on 23 July 1423 [[Arnold, Duke of Gelderland|Arnold]], Duke of [[Guelders]], mother of [[Mary of Guelders]], Queen consort of Scotland
*[[John I, Duke of Cleves]] (16 February 1419 – 5 September 1481); married on 22 April 1455 [[Elizabeth of Nevers]]
*[[Elisabeth of Cleves, Countess of Schwarzburg-Blankenburg|Elisabeth of Cleves]] (1 October 1420 – March 1488); married on 15 July 1434 Henry XXVI of [[House of Schwarzburg|Schwarzburg]]-Blankenburg (1418–1488)
*[[Agnes of Cleves]] (1422 – 6 April 1446); married on 30 September 1439 [[Charles IV of Navarre|Charles IV]], King of [[Navarre]]
*Helen of Cleves (1423–1471); married on 12 February 1436 [[Henry the Peaceful, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Henry "the Peaceful"]], Duke of [[Brunswick-Lüneburg]] ({{circa|1411}}–1473)
*[[Adolph of Cleves, Lord of Ravenstein]] (1425–1492); married on 13 May 1453 [[Beatriz of Coimbra|Beatrice of Portugal]] (1435–1462), daughter of [[Infante Pedro, Duke of Coimbra|Peter, Duke of Coimbra]]
*[[Marie of Cleves]] (1426–1487); married on 27 November 1440 [[Charles, Duke of Orléans]]. Mother of [[Louis XII of France|Louis XII]], King of France

==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center |ref=<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/stream/historiagenealog02sous#page/146/mode/2up |title=Historia genealogica da casa real portugueza |last=de Sousa |first=Antonio Caetano |publisher=Lisboa Occidental |year=1735 |location=Lisbon |language=pt |page=147}}</ref>
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|1= 1. '''Mary of Burgundy, Duchess of Cleves'''
|2= 2. [[John the Fearless]]
|3= 3. [[Margaret of Bavaria]]
|4= 4. [[Philip the Bold]]
|5= 5. [[Margaret III, Countess of Flanders]]
|6= 6. [[Albert I, Duke of Bavaria]]
|7= 7. [[Margaret of Brieg]]
|8= 8. [[John II of France]]
|9= 9. [[Bonne of Bohemia]]
|10= 10. [[Louis II of Flanders]]
|11= 11. [[Margaret of Brabant, Countess of Flanders|Margaret of Brabant]]
|12= 12. [[Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor]]
|13= 13. [[Margaret, Countess of Hainaut]]
|14= 14. [[Ludwik I the Fair]]
|15= 15. Agnes of Glogau
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*''Early Netherlandish painting: its origins and character'', Volume 2, Erwin Panofsky, 1971

{{Subject bar |portal1= Biography |portal2= France |portal3= Germany}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mary of Burgundy}}
[[Category:1393 births]]
[[Category:1466 deaths]]
[[Category:People from the Burgundian State]]
[[Category:Countesses of Cleves]]
[[Category:Duchesses of Cleves]]
[[Category:Countesses of Mark]]
[[Category:House of Valois-Burgundy]]
[[Category:People from Dijon]]
[[Category:15th-century French women]]
[[Category:15th-century French people]]
[[Category:Daughters of dukes]]
[[Category:Daughters of counts]]

Mary of Burgundy, Duchess of Cleves - Revision history

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