Martin Chuzzlewit - Revision history

imported>Zeltzamer: Redundancy

2025-12-26T20:05:28Z

Redundancy

imported>Bearian: /* Satire of 1840s America */Parentheses

2025-06-29T06:14:52Z

Satire of 1840s America: Parentheses

← Previous revision		Revision as of 06:14, 29 June 2025
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	[[Fraud]] in selling land sight unseen was shown as a common event in the United States of the 1840s. Most Americans were satirically portrayed: they proclaim their equality and their love of freedom and egalitarianism at every opportunity. Those who have travelled to England claim to have been received only by [[aristocrats]]. One character, Mr Bevan, is the voice of reason with a balanced view of his nation and a useful friend to Martin and Mark. Another American character, Mrs Hominy, described The United States as "so maimed and lame, so full of sores and ulcers, foul to the eye and almost hopeless to the sense, that her best friends turn from the loathsome creature with disgust".<ref>Said by Mrs Hominy in Chapter 22 of text, when she met Martin in the town of Watertoast in the United States.</ref>		[[Fraud]] in selling land sight unseen was shown as a common event in the United States of the 1840s. Most Americans were satirically portrayed: they proclaim their equality and their love of freedom and egalitarianism at every opportunity. Those who have travelled to England claim to have been received only by [[aristocrats]]. One character, Mr Bevan, is the voice of reason with a balanced view of his nation and a useful friend to Martin and Mark. Another American character, Mrs Hominy, described The United States as "so maimed and lame, so full of sores and ulcers, foul to the eye and almost hopeless to the sense, that her best friends turn from the loathsome creature with disgust".<ref>Said by Mrs Hominy in Chapter 22 of text, when she met Martin in the town of Watertoast in the United States.</ref>

	Dickens attacks the institution of [[slavery in the United States]] in the following words: "Thus the stars wink upon the bloody stripes; and Liberty pulls down her cap upon her eyes, and owns oppression in its vilest aspect for her sister.{{sfn\|Pearson\|1949\|pp=129–29}} The [[Slavery in Britain\|institution of slavery]] had not been practised in England since the 12th century and Britain [[Slave Trade Act 1807\|outlawed]] the slave trade in the British Empire in 1807 and provided for the gradual [[Slavery Abolition Act 1833\|abolition]] of slavery in most parts of the British Empire in 1833, so the sight of slaves and the still lively debates on keeping or abolishing the practice in the US were an easy stimulant for satire by an English writer.		Dickens attacks the institution of [[slavery in the United States]] in the following words: "Thus the stars wink upon the bloody stripes; and Liberty pulls down her cap upon her eyes, and owns oppression in its vilest aspect for her sister." {{sfn\|Pearson\|1949\|pp=129–29}} The [[Slavery in Britain\|institution of slavery]] had not been practised in England since the 12th century and Britain [[Slave Trade Act 1807\|outlawed]] the slave trade in the British Empire in 1807 and provided for the gradual [[Slavery Abolition Act 1833\|abolition]] of slavery in most parts of the British Empire in 1833, so the sight of slaves and the still lively debates on keeping or abolishing the practice in the US were an easy stimulant for satire by an English writer.

	[[George L. Rives]] wrote that "It is perhaps not too much to say that the publication of ''Martin Chuzzlewit'' did more than almost any other one thing to drive the United States and England in the direction of war" over the [[Oregon boundary dispute]], which was eventually resolved via diplomacy rather than war.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vfhAAAAAIAAJ&q=chuzzlewit&pg=PA17\|title=The United States and Mexico, 1821-1848 \|volume=2 \|last1=Rives \|first1=George Lockhart \|year=1913}}</ref>		[[George L. Rives]] wrote that "It is perhaps not too much to say that the publication of ''Martin Chuzzlewit'' did more than almost any other one thing to drive the United States and England in the direction of war" over the [[Oregon boundary dispute]], which was eventually resolved via diplomacy rather than war.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vfhAAAAAIAAJ&q=chuzzlewit&pg=PA17\|title=The United States and Mexico, 1821-1848 \|volume=2 \|last1=Rives \|first1=George Lockhart \|year=1913}}</ref>

imported>Ammodramus: /* Adaptations and references */ Delete Geo. Will's use of "Pecksniffian": passing mention, which doesn't actually quote Will

2025-06-10T02:30:20Z

Adaptations and references: Delete Geo. Will's use of "Pecksniffian": passing mention, which doesn't actually quote Will

← Previous revision		Revision as of 02:30, 10 June 2025
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	* 1987, as a ten-part serial on [[BBC Radio 4]] starring [[Patrick Troughton]] as Old Martin, [[Christopher Benjamin (actor)\|Christopher Benjamin]] as Mr. Pecksniff and [[Valentine Pelka]] as Martin<ref>{{Cite web \| url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/64c94b00fbe4472c9ab63518f8db7cb9 \| title=BBC Programme Index \| date=6 February 1987 }}</ref>		* 1987, as a ten-part serial on [[BBC Radio 4]] starring [[Patrick Troughton]] as Old Martin, [[Christopher Benjamin (actor)\|Christopher Benjamin]] as Mr. Pecksniff and [[Valentine Pelka]] as Martin<ref>{{Cite web \| url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/64c94b00fbe4472c9ab63518f8db7cb9 \| title=BBC Programme Index \| date=6 February 1987 }}</ref>
	* 1994, as a [[Martin Chuzzlewit (1994 TV series)\|six-part television miniseries]] on [[BBC Two]] starring [[Paul Scofield]] as Old Martin/Anthony Chuzzlewit and [[Pete Postlethwaite]] as Tigg Montague.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/e4d0729d647041a3b414f0ee0343e802 \|title=Martin Chuzzlewit: Episode 1 \|date=19 January 1964 \|issue=2097\|pages=17 \|publisher=BBC Genome}}</ref><ref name="bfi"/>		* 1994, as a [[Martin Chuzzlewit (1994 TV series)\|six-part television miniseries]] on [[BBC Two]] starring [[Paul Scofield]] as Old Martin/Anthony Chuzzlewit and [[Pete Postlethwaite]] as Tigg Montague.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/e4d0729d647041a3b414f0ee0343e802 \|title=Martin Chuzzlewit: Episode 1 \|date=19 January 1964 \|issue=2097\|pages=17 \|publisher=BBC Genome}}</ref><ref name="bfi"/>

	[[George F. Will]] has written of Pecksniffian [[Anthony Comstock\|Comstockery]].<ref>{{cite news \|title=Review: Woke academics, Donald Trump and George Will's ire \|first=Geoffrey \|last=Kabaservice \|date=26 September 2021 \|orig-date=24 September 2021 \|page=B8 \|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] \|access-date=26 September 2021
	~~\|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/woke-academics-donald-trump-and-george-wills-ire/2021/09/23/126697f8-0a81-11ec-aea1-42a8138f132a_story.html}}</ref>~~

	==References==		==References==

2A02:C7C:5396:7700:6C5D:18DA:92A5:4630: /* Satire of 1840s America */

2025-05-31T12:41:28Z

Satire of 1840s America

Show changes

← Previous revision		Revision as of 20:05, 26 December 2025
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	Old Martin's brother, Anthony Chuzzlewit, is in business with his son, Jonas. Despite their considerable wealth, they are miserly and cruel. Jonas, eager for the old man to die so that he can inherit, constantly berates his father. Anthony dies abruptly and under suspicious circumstances, leaving his wealth to Jonas. Jonas then woos Cherry, while arguing constantly with Merry. He then abruptly declares to Pecksniff that he wants to marry Merry and jilts Cherry, not without demanding an additional £1,000 on top of the £4,000 that Pecksniff has promised him as Cherry's [[dowry]], with the argument that Cherry has better chances for matchmaking.		Old Martin's brother, Anthony Chuzzlewit, is in business with his son, Jonas. Despite their considerable wealth, they are miserly and cruel. Jonas, eager for the old man to die so that he can inherit, constantly berates his father. Anthony dies abruptly and under suspicious circumstances, leaving his wealth to Jonas. Jonas then woos Cherry, while arguing constantly with Merry. He then abruptly declares to Pecksniff that he wants to marry Merry and jilts Cherry, not without demanding an additional £1,000 on top of the £4,000 that Pecksniff has promised him as Cherry's [[dowry]], with the argument that Cherry has better chances for matchmaking.

	Jonas becomes entangled with the unscrupulous Montague Tigg, formerly a petty thief and hanger-on of a Chuzzlewit relative, Chevy Slyme, and joins in Tigg's crooked insurance business. As Young Martin raises funds in London, Tigg cheats him at the [[pawn shop]] of the full value of his valuable pocket watch. Tigg uses the funds to transform himself into a [[con man]] with a new personal appearance, calls himself "Tigg Montague" and rents a fine office. This new image convinces investors that he is an important businessman from whom they may greatly profit.		Jonas becomes entangled with the unscrupulous Montague Tigg, formerly a petty thief and hanger-on of a Chuzzlewit relative, Chevy Slyme, and joins in Tigg's crooked insurance business. As Young Martin raises funds in London, Tigg cheats him at the [[pawn shop]] of the full value of his valuable [[pocket watch]]. Tigg uses the funds to transform himself into a [[con man]] with a new personal appearance, calls himself "Tigg Montague" and rents a fine office. This new image convinces investors that he is an important businessman from whom they may greatly profit.

	At this time, Pecksniff, in front of Old Martin, orders Pinch out of his house. He does this after eavesdropping on a conversation between Tom and Mary, when Mary tells of Pecksniff's villainous designs on her. Pinch suddenly sees the true character of his employer and goes to London to seek new employment. He meets John Westlock, a good friend. Pinch rescues his sister Ruth from mistreatment by the family that employs her as a [[governess]], and the two rent rooms in [[Islington]]. Pinch quickly receives an ideal job from a mysterious employer with the help of an equally mysterious Mr Fips.		At this time, Pecksniff, in front of Old Martin, orders Pinch out of his house. He does this after eavesdropping on a conversation between Tom and Mary, when Mary tells of Pecksniff's villainous designs on her. Pinch suddenly sees the true character of his employer and goes to London to seek new employment. He meets John Westlock, a good friend. Pinch rescues his sister Ruth from mistreatment by the family that employs her as a [[governess]], and the two rent rooms in [[Islington]]. Pinch quickly receives an ideal job from a mysterious employer with the help of an equally mysterious Mr Fips.
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	'''Jonas Chuzzlewit''' is the mean-spirited, sinisterly jovial son of Anthony Chuzzlewit. He views his father with contempt and wishes for his death, so that he can have the business and the money for himself. He tried to hasten the old man's death, but his father's friend intervened. He is a suitor of the two Miss Pecksniffs, wins one, then is driven to commit murder by his unscrupulous business associations.		'''Jonas Chuzzlewit''' is the mean-spirited, sinisterly jovial son of Anthony Chuzzlewit. He views his father with contempt and wishes for his death, so that he can have the business and the money for himself. He tried to hasten the old man's death, but his father's friend intervened. He is a suitor of the two Miss Pecksniffs, wins one, then is driven to commit murder by his unscrupulous business associations.

	'''Mr and Mrs Spottletoe''' are the nephew-in-law and niece of old Martin Chuzzlewit, Mrs Spottletoe being the daughter of old Martin's brother. She was also once the favourite of old Martin, but they have since fallen out.		'''Mr and Mrs Spottletoe''' are the nephew-in-law and niece of old Martin Chuzzlewit, Mrs Spottletoe being the daughter of old Martin's brother. She was also once [[The Favourite\|the favourite]] of old Martin, but they have since fallen out.

	'''George Chuzzlewit''' is a bachelor cousin of old Martin.		'''George Chuzzlewit''' is a bachelor cousin of old Martin.
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	The main theme of the novel, according to Dickens's [[preface]], is selfishness, portrayed in a satirical fashion using all the members of the Chuzzlewit family.		The main theme of the novel, according to Dickens's [[preface]], is selfishness, portrayed in a satirical fashion using all the members of the Chuzzlewit family.

	~~The novel is also notable for two of Dickens's great [[villain]]s, Seth Pecksniff and Jonas Chuzzlewit.~~

	In keeping with the theme of greed and selfishness in this novel, the Christmas story Dickens published in December 1843, as this novel was being serialized, was ''[[A Christmas Carol]]''.		In keeping with the theme of greed and selfishness in this novel, the Christmas story Dickens published in December 1843, as this novel was being serialized, was ''[[A Christmas Carol]]''.
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	==Satire of 1840s America==		==Satire of 1840s America==
	The novel has been seen by some Americans as unfairly critical of the United States, although Dickens himself wrote it as [[satire]] similar in spirit to his "attacks" on certain people and particular institutions in his native England, in novels such as ''[[Oliver Twist]]''. Dickens was serious about reforms in his home country and is credited with achieving changes, notably in the workhouse system and child labour. Such satirical depictions by him and other authors contributed to the call for legislative reform.<ref name="British Library">{{cite web \|last1=Griffin \|first1=Emma \|title=Child labour \|url=https://www.bl.uk/romantics-and-victorians/articles/child-labour# \|publisher=The British Library \|access-date=26 May 2018 }} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg\|50px]] Material was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License].</ref>		The novel has been seen by some Americans as unfairly critical of the United States, although Dickens himself wrote it as [[satire]] similar in spirit to his "attacks" on certain people and particular institutions in his native England, in novels such as ''[[Oliver Twist]]''. Dickens was serious about reforms in his home country and is credited with achieving changes, notably in the workhouse system and child labour. Such satirical depictions by him and other authors contributed to the call for legislative reform.<ref name="British Library">{{cite web \|last1=Griffin \|first1=Emma \|title=Child labour \|url=https://www.bl.uk/romantics-and-victorians/articles/child-labour \|publisher=The British Library \|access-date=26 May 2018 \|archive-date=12 May 2018 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180512033131/https://www.bl.uk/romantics-and-victorians/articles/child-labour \|url-status=dead }} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg\|50px]] Material was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License].</ref>

	[[Fraud]] in selling land sight unseen was shown as a common event in the United States of the 1840s. Most Americans were satirically portrayed: they proclaim their equality and their love of freedom and egalitarianism at every opportunity. Those who have travelled to England claim to have been received only by [[aristocrats]]. One character, Mr Bevan, is the voice of reason with a balanced view of his nation and a useful friend to Martin and Mark. Another American character, Mrs Hominy, described The United States as "so maimed and lame, so full of sores and ulcers, foul to the eye and almost hopeless to the sense, that her best friends turn from the loathsome creature with disgust".<ref>Said by Mrs Hominy in Chapter 22 of text, when she met Martin in the town of Watertoast in the United States.</ref>		[[Fraud]] in selling land sight unseen was shown as a common event in the United States of the 1840s. Most Americans were satirically portrayed: they proclaim their equality and their love of freedom and egalitarianism at every opportunity. Those who have travelled to England claim to have been received only by [[aristocrats]]. One character, Mr Bevan, is the voice of reason with a balanced view of his nation and a useful friend to Martin and Mark. Another American character, Mrs Hominy, described The United States as "so maimed and lame, so full of sores and ulcers, foul to the eye and almost hopeless to the sense, that her best friends turn from the loathsome creature with disgust".<ref>Said by Mrs Hominy in Chapter 22 of text, when she met Martin in the town of Watertoast in the United States.</ref>
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	[[Short film]] adaptations of the novel were released in 1912, produced by [[Thomas A. Edison, Inc.]],<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://www.silentera.com/PSFL/data/M/MartinChuzzlewit1912.html \|title=Silent Era : Progressive Silent Film List\|website=silentera.com}}</ref> and in 1914, produced by the [[Biograph Company]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.silentera.com/PSFL/data/M/MartinChuzzlewit1914.html\|title=Silent Era : Progressive Silent Film List\|website=silentera.com}}</ref>		[[Short film]] adaptations of the novel were released in 1912, produced by [[Thomas A. Edison, Inc.]],<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://www.silentera.com/PSFL/data/M/MartinChuzzlewit1912.html \|title=Silent Era : Progressive Silent Film List\|website=silentera.com}}</ref> and in 1914, produced by the [[Biograph Company]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.silentera.com/PSFL/data/M/MartinChuzzlewit1914.html\|title=Silent Era : Progressive Silent Film List\|website=silentera.com}}</ref>
	[[File:Martin Chuzzlewit film still The Motion Picture Story Magazine February 1912.jpg\|thumb\|1912 Martin Chuzzlewit film ad in The Motion Picture Story Magazine]]		[[File:Martin Chuzzlewit film still The Motion Picture Story Magazine February 1912.jpg\|thumb\|1912 Martin Chuzzlewit film ad in The Motion Picture Story Magazine]]
	The first stage performance in the 20th century came in 1993 at the Royal Theatre Northampton. Adapted by Lyn Robertson Hay and directed by Michael Napier Brown, the production starred singer Aled Jones and featured Katharine Schlesinger and Colin Atkins.{{citation needed\|date=October 2023}}[[File:Chuzzlewit Stage Production at Royal Theatre.pdf\|thumb\|1993 stage production of Martin Chuzzlewit at the Royal Theatre Northampton]]		The first stage performance in the 20th century came in 1993 at the Royal Theatre Northampton. Adapted by Lyn Robertson Hay and directed by Michael Napier Brown, the production starred singer Aled Jones and featured [[Katharine Schlesinger]] and Colin Atkins.{{citation needed\|date=October 2023}}[[File:Chuzzlewit Stage Production at Royal Theatre.pdf\|thumb\|1993 stage production of Martin Chuzzlewit at the Royal Theatre Northampton]]
	The novel has been adapted four times by the [[BBC]]		The novel has been adapted four times by the [[BBC]]
	* 1954, as a twelve-part serial in the [[BBC Home Service]] starring [[Donald Wolfit]] as Mr. Pecksniff, [[David Peel (actor)\|Devid Peel]] as Martin and [[Andrew Cruikshank]] as Old Martin<ref>{{Cite web \|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/search/0/20?q=Martin+Chuzzlewit#top \| title=Search – BBC Programme Index }}</ref>		* 1954, as a twelve-part serial in the [[BBC Home Service]] starring [[Donald Wolfit]] as Mr. Pecksniff, [[David Peel (actor)\|Devid Peel]] as Martin and [[Andrew Cruikshank]] as Old Martin<ref>{{Cite web \|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/search/0/20?q=Martin+Chuzzlewit#top \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428124302/https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/search/0/20?q=Martin+Chuzzlewit#top \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=28 April 2022 \| title=Search – BBC Programme Index }}</ref>
	* 1964, as a [[Martin Chuzzlewit (1964 TV series)\|thirteen-part serial]] on [[BBC One]] starring [[Barry Jones (actor)\|Barry Jones]] as Old Martin, [[Gary Raymond]] as Martin and [[Richard Pearson (actor)\|Richard Pearson]] as Mr. Pecksniff<ref>{{Cite web \|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/e4d0729d647041a3b414f0ee0343e802 \|title=BBC Programme Index \|date=19 January 1964 }}</ref>		* 1964, as a [[Martin Chuzzlewit (1964 TV series)\|thirteen-part serial]] on [[BBC One]] starring [[Barry Jones (actor)\|Barry Jones]] as Old Martin, [[Gary Raymond]] as Martin and [[Richard Pearson (actor)\|Richard Pearson]] as Mr. Pecksniff<ref>{{Cite web \|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/e4d0729d647041a3b414f0ee0343e802 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009165720/https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/e4d0729d647041a3b414f0ee0343e802 \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=9 October 2023 \|title=BBC Programme Index \|date=19 January 1964 }}</ref>
	* 1987, as a ten-part serial on [[BBC Radio 4]] starring [[Patrick Troughton]] as Old Martin, [[Christopher Benjamin (actor)\|Christopher Benjamin]] as Mr. Pecksniff and [[Valentine Pelka]] as Martin<ref>{{Cite web \| url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/64c94b00fbe4472c9ab63518f8db7cb9 \| title=BBC Programme Index \| date=6 February 1987 }}</ref>		* 1987, as a ten-part serial on [[BBC Radio 4]] starring [[Patrick Troughton]] as Old Martin, [[Christopher Benjamin (actor)\|Christopher Benjamin]] as Mr. Pecksniff and [[Valentine Pelka]] as Martin<ref>{{Cite web \| url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/64c94b00fbe4472c9ab63518f8db7cb9 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428125943/https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/64c94b00fbe4472c9ab63518f8db7cb9 \| url-status=dead \| archive-date=28 April 2022 \| title=BBC Programme Index \| date=6 February 1987 }}</ref>
	* 1994, as a [[Martin Chuzzlewit (1994 TV series)\|six-part television miniseries]] on [[BBC Two]] starring [[Paul Scofield]] as Old Martin/Anthony Chuzzlewit and [[Pete Postlethwaite]] as Tigg Montague.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/e4d0729d647041a3b414f0ee0343e802 \|title=Martin Chuzzlewit: Episode 1 \|date=19 January 1964 \|issue=2097\|pages=17 \|publisher=BBC Genome}}</ref><ref name="bfi"/>		* 1994, as a [[Martin Chuzzlewit (1994 TV series)\|six-part television miniseries]] on [[BBC Two]] starring [[Paul Scofield]] as Old Martin/Anthony Chuzzlewit and [[Pete Postlethwaite]] as Tigg Montague.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/e4d0729d647041a3b414f0ee0343e802 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009165720/https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/e4d0729d647041a3b414f0ee0343e802 \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=9 October 2023 \|title=Martin Chuzzlewit: Episode 1 \|date=19 January 1964 \|issue=2097\|pages=17 \|publisher=BBC Genome}}</ref><ref name="bfi"/>

	==References==		==References==
	~~{{reflist\|refs=~~		<references>
	<ref name="bfi">{{cite web \| url= http://www.bfi.org.uk/whatson/node/24936 \| title= Dickens on Screen: ''Martin Chuzzlewit'' \| publisher= [[British Film Institute]] \| quote= Dickens is said to have proclaimed ''Martin Chuzzlewit'' his best work. When early public sales of its first monthly instalments proved disappointing, Dickens changed the plot to send Martin to America, drawing on his visit there in 1842. \| access-date= 19 January 2012 }}{{dead link\|date=October 2023\|bot=medic}}{{cbignore\|bot=medic}}</ref>		<ref name="bfi">{{cite web \| url= http://www.bfi.org.uk/whatson/node/24936 \| title= Dickens on Screen: ''Martin Chuzzlewit'' \| publisher= [[British Film Institute]] \| quote= Dickens is said to have proclaimed ''Martin Chuzzlewit'' his best work. When early public sales of its first monthly instalments proved disappointing, Dickens changed the plot to send Martin to America, drawing on his visit there in 1842. \| access-date= 19 January 2012 }}{{dead link\|date=October 2023\|bot=medic}}{{cbignore\|bot=medic}}</ref>
	}}		</references>

	==Sources==		==Sources==
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	[[Category:British novels adapted into television shows]]		[[Category:British novels adapted into television shows]]
	[[Category:Chapman & Hall books]]		[[Category:Chapman & Hall books]]
	~~[[Category:English novels]]~~
	[[Category:Novels by Charles Dickens]]		[[Category:Novels by Charles Dickens]]
	[[Category:Novels first published in serial form]]		[[Category:Novels first published in serial form]]