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{{short description|French composer, organist and opera director (1882-1955)}}
[[File:Marcel_Samuel-Rousseau_(1930).jpg|thumb|Samuel-Rousseau (1930) - detail from L. Roosen (photogr) Conservatoire national de musique: Album-photos des classes 1929-30 - Harmonie. Mr S.M. Rousseau<ref>{{cite web |last1=Roosen |first1=Louis Photographe |title=Conservatoire national de musique : Album-photos des classes 1929-30. Harmonie. Mr S.M. Rousseau |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8454078n/f1.item# |website=Gallica |access-date=12 December 2024 |language=EN |date=1930}}</ref>]]
'''Marcel Auguste Louis Samuel-Rousseau''' ([[né]] '''Rousseau'''; 18 August 1882 – 11 June 1955) was a French composer, organist, and opera director.<ref name=Griffiths>Griffiths & Langham Smith 1992.</ref>

==Life and career==
Born in [[Paris]], he was the son of [[Samuel Rousseau (composer)|Samuel Rousseau]] and later changed his surname to Samuel-Rousseau to reflect this. He studied composition at the [[Paris Conservatoire]] and was awarded the [[Prix de Rome]] in 1905. He married on 4 March 1907 in the 9<sup>me</sup> arrondissement.<ref>{{cite web |title=Archives de Paris (Mariages, 9<sup>me</sup>, 1903-1912 Puixségur - Sabot) |url=https://archives.paris.fr/arkotheque/visionneuse/visionneuse.php?arko=YTo2OntzOjQ6ImRhdGUiO3M6MTA6IjIwMjQtMTItMTIiO3M6MTA6InR5cGVfZm9uZHMiO3M6MTE6ImFya29fc2VyaWVsIjtzOjQ6InJlZjEiO2k6NztzOjQ6InJlZjIiO2k6MTg4MDc7czoxNjoidmlzaW9ubmV1c2VfaHRtbCI7YjoxO3M6MjE6InZpc2lvbm5ldXNlX2h0bWxfbW9kZSI7czo0OiJwcm9kIjt9#uielem_move=-1125%2C-479&uielem_islocked=0&uielem_zoom=179&uielem_brightness=0&uielem_contrast=0&uielem_isinverted=0&uielem_rotate=F |website=archives.paris.fr |access-date=12 December 2024 |page=17}}</ref> He was the organist at [[Saint-Séverin (Paris)|Saint-Séverin]] from 1919 to 1922 and president of the [[Société des auteurs, compositeurs et éditeurs de musique]] (SACEM) from 1935 to 1953. For many years he was a professor of harmony at the Paris Conservatoire and artistic director of the Pathé opera company. He was the father of [[Prix de Rome]] laureate [[Éveline Plicque-Andréani]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Prix de Rome 1950-1959 |url=http://www.musimem.com/prix-rome-1950-1959.htm |website=www.musimem.com |access-date=11 December 2024 |quote=Eveline... Plicque-Andréani, est née le 25 janvier 1929... Fille naturelle de Marcel Samuel-Rousseau et d’Irène Plicque-Boudon...}}</ref> From 1941 to 1944 he was director of the [[Paris Opéra]].<ref name=Griffiths/>

He died in [[Paris]] in 1955, aged 72.<ref name=Griffiths/>

==Works==
As a composer, Samuel-Rousseau was highly influenced by the works of [[César Franck|Franck]] and [[Gabriel Fauré|Fauré]]. He tended to be more conservative in style than many of his contemporaries but he was a master at [[chromatic harmony]] and had a strong sense for the dramatic. His compositions include [[operas]], [[ballets]], [[orchestral]] and piano music and [[songs]].<ref name=Griffiths/>

His best works are his operas, which tend towards the exotic and are ambitious in scale. His first opera, ''Le Roi Arthur'', was based on the legend of [[King Arthur]] and given a concert performance at the Conservatoire on 8 November 1903. His second, ''Tarass Boulba'', was based on the legend of a Cossack warrior and performed at the [[Théâtre du Vaudeville]], beginning on 22 November 1919.<ref name=Griffiths/>

''Le Hulla'', a four-act ''conte-lyrique-orental'' with words by [[André Rivoire]], was premiered on 9 March 1923 by the [[Opéra-Comique]] at the [[Salle Favart]] in a production by [[Albert Carré]].<ref>Wild & Charlton 2005, p. 278.</ref> The performances were conducted by [[Albert Wolff (conductor)|Albert Wolff]]; [[Yvonne Brothier]] sang Dilara, and [[Charles Friant]], Narsès. The opera included a Persian dance choreographed by [[Louise Stichel]] and danced by Mona Païva. It was revived in 1926 and performed a total of 44 times by the company.<ref>Wolff 1953, p. 92.</ref>

''Le bon roi Dagobert'', a four-act ''comédie musicale'' with words by André Rivoire, based on his 1908 play with the same title, was presented by the Opéra-Comique at the Salle Favart beginning on 5 December 1927.<ref>Wild & Charlton 2005, p. 167.</ref> [[Emma Luart]] sang La Reine, [[Charles Friant]] was Dagobert, and [[Louis Fourestier]] conducted. The opera was revived in a new production by {{Ill|Max de Rieux|fr}} in 1938, 1939, and 1943, with [[Vina Bovy]] as the Queen and [[Louis Arnoult]] as Dagobert, by which time it had been performed a total of 72 times by the company.<ref>Wolff 1953, p. 32.</ref>

His one-act opera ''Kerkeb'', with a libretto by [[Michel Carré]] (based on a novel by [[Elissa Rhaïs]]), was premiered on 6 April 1951 by the [[Paris Opera|Opéra]] at the [[Palais Garnier]].<ref name=Wolff1962>Wolff 1962, p. 131.</ref> The title role, a [[Berbers|Berber]] dancer in a harem,<ref name=Griffiths/> was sung by [[Géori Boué]], and [[Roger Bourdin]] sang Sid-Haffid.<ref name=Wolff1962/> The performances were conducted by Louis Fourestier. The opera was revived in 1956 with [[Suzanne Sarroca]] in the title role. The opera had been performed a total of 26 times by the company by its last performance on 12 July 1958.<ref name=Wolff1962/>

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* Griffiths, Paul; Richard Langham Smith (1992). "Samuel-Rousseau [Rousseau], Marcel [Louis Auguste]", vol. 4, p. 161, in ''[[The New Grove Dictionary of Opera]]'', edited by Stanley Sadie, {{ISBN|0-333-73432-7}} and {{ISBN|1-56159-228-5}}. [https://doi.org/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.24483 Online version] updated 26 October 2011.
* Wild, Nicole; Charlton, David (2005). ''Théâtre de l'Opéra-Comique Paris: répertoire 1762-1972''. Sprimont, Belgium: Editions Mardaga. {{ISBN|9782870098981}}.
* Wolff, Stéphane (1953). ''Un demi-siècle d'Opéra-Comique (1900-1950).'' Paris: André Bonne. {{OCLC|44733987|2174128|78755097}}
* Wolff, Stéphane (1962). ''L'Opéra au Palais Garnier (1875–1962)''. Paris: Deposé au journal L'Entr'acte. {{OCLC|7068320|460748195}}. Paris: Slatkine (1983 reprint) {{ISBN|9782050002142}}.

==External links==
* {{IMSLP|id=Samuel-Rousseau, Marcel}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Samuel-Rousseau, Marcel}}
[[Category:1882 births]]
[[Category:1955 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century French classical composers]]
[[Category:Conservatoire de Paris alumni]]
[[Category:French opera composers]]
[[Category:French opera directors]]
[[Category:French male opera composers]]
[[Category:Composers from Paris]]
[[Category:Members of the Académie des beaux-arts]]
[[Category:Prix de Rome for composition]]
[[Category:20th-century French male musicians]]

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Marcel Samuel-Rousseau - Revision history

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