imported>Onel5969: Disambiguating links to Hercynia (disambiguation) (link changed to Variscan orogeny) using DisamAssist.

2023-06-15T09:39:32Z

Disambiguating links to Hercynia (disambiguation) (link changed to Variscan orogeny) using DisamAssist.

New page

{{Short description|French geologist}}
{{Infobox scientist
|name = Marcel Alexandre Bertrand
|image =Marcel Alexandre Bertrand.jpg
|image_size =150px
|caption = Marcel Alexandre Bertrand
|birth_date = 2 July 1847
|birth_place =
|death_date = {{death-date and age|13 February 1907|2 July 1847}}
|death_place =
|residence =
|citizenship =
|nationality = French
|ethnicity =
|field = [[geology]]
|work_institutions =
|alma_mater = [[École Polytechnique]]
|doctoral_advisor =
|doctoral_students =
|known_for = [[orogeny]]
|author_abbrev_bot =
|author_abbrev_zoo =
|influences =
|influenced =
|prizes =
|religion =
|footnotes =
|signature =
}}
'''Marcel Alexandre Bertrand''' (2 July 1847 – 13 February 1907) was a French [[geologist]] born in [[Paris]]. He was the son of [[mathematician]] [[Joseph Louis François Bertrand]] (1822–1900), and son-in-law to [[physicist]] [[Éleuthère Mascart]] (1837-1908).

He studied at the [[École Polytechnique]], and beginning in 1869 he attended the [[Ecole des Mines de Paris]]. From 1877 he carried out geological mapping studies of [[Provence]], the [[Jura Mountains]] and the [[Alps]]. In 1886, he became an instructor at the [[École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris|École Nationale Supérieure des Mines]], and in 1896 became a member of the [[Académie des sciences]].

Bertrand, a founder of modern [[tectonics]], originated an [[orogeny|orogenic]] "wave theory" of mountain-building and introduced{{when|date=June 2016}} the [[nappe]] hypothesis ({{lang|fr|nappe de charriage}}). His wave theory described a build-up of massive folds of earth taking place over successive geological eras, called the [[Caledonian orogeny|Caledonian]], [[Variscan orogeny|Hercynian]] and [[Alpine orogeny|Alpine]] periods of orogeny. Bertrand later added a fourth event called the [[Huronian glaciation|Huronian orogeny]], which took place 2400 to 2100 million years ago, in [[Precambrian]] time.

In 1890 he was named president of the [[Société géologique de France]].<ref name=GE>
[http://www.geosoc.fr/propos-html/historique/les-origines-de-la-sgf/64-propos/tous-les-presidents/presidents-sgf/401-marcel-alexandre-bertrand.html Marcel-Alexandre BERTRAND] Société géologique de France
</ref>
The ''Concours de Géologie'' twice awarded him the ''Prix Vaillant'' (1886 and 1890); he also won the ''Prix Fontannes'' (of the Société géologique de France) in 1888 and the ''Prix Petit d'Ormoy'' in 1893.

== Personal life ==
He was married to Mathilde Mascart and their daughter, [[Thérèse Bertrand-Fontaine]] (1895 – 1987), became a physician and researcher. She was only the third woman to be named a full member of the National Academy of Medicine.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Portraits de femmes – V {{!}} Bibliothèque de l'Académie nationale de médecine|url=https://bibliotheque.academie-medecine.fr/portraits-de-femmes-v/|access-date=2021-07-05|language=fr-FR}}</ref>

== Selected works ==
* ''Études dans les Alpes françaises. structure en éventail, massifs amygdaloïdes et métamorphisme'' 1894 – Studies of the [[French Alps]].
* ''Sur la structure du mont Joly près de Saint-Gervais (Haute-Savoie)'', 1896 – On the Mount Joly structure near [[Saint-Gervais-les-Bains|Saint-Gervais (Haute-Savoie)]].
* ''Les chaînes septentrionales des Alpes bernoises'', 1899 – The northern chain of the [[Bernese Alps]].
* ''La grande nappe de recouvrement de la Basse-Provence'', 1899 – The large nappe layer of Lower [[Provence]].
* ''Mémoire sur les refoulements qui ont plissé l’écorce terrestre et sur le rôle des déplacements horizontaux'', 1908.<ref name=GE/>
* ''Œuvres géologiques de Marcel Bertrand'' (with [[Emmanuel de Margerie]]; 3 volumes, 1927–31) – Geological works of Marcel Bertrand.<ref>[http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=au%3ABertrand%2C+Marcel.&qt=hot_author WorldCat Search] published works</ref>

== References ==
* This article is based on a translation of an equivalent article at the [[French Wikipedia]], source listed as [http://www.annales.org/archives/x/mbertrand.html Archive Annales des Mines]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061111164119/http://www.britannicaindia.com/duk_det_inside.asp?art_id=26 Encyclopædia Britannica India] (Marcel Bertrand)
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bertrand, Marcel Alexandre}}
[[Category:French geologists]]
[[Category:1847 births]]
[[Category:1907 deaths]]
[[Category:Burials at Montparnasse Cemetery]]
[[Category:Members of the French Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:École Polytechnique alumni]]

Marcel Alexandre Bertrand - Revision history

imported>Onel5969: Disambiguating links to Hercynia (disambiguation) (link changed to Variscan orogeny) using DisamAssist.