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{{Short description|Species of fish}}
{{speciesbox
| image = Notothenia rossii.jpg
| taxon = Notothenia rossii
| authority = [[John Richardson (naturalist)|J. Richardson]], 1844<ref name=WoRMS>{{cite WoRMS |author=Bailly, Nicolas |year=2020 |title=''Notothenia rossii'' Richardson, 1844|id=234840 |accessdate=31 July 2020}}</ref>
| synonyms =
* ''Notothenia rossii rossii'' J. Richardson, 1844
* ''Notothenia marmorata'' [[Johann Gustav Fischer|J. G. Fischer]], 1885
* ''Notothenia rossii marmorata'' J. G. Fischer, 1885
* ''Notothenia coriiceps macquariensis'' Waite, 1916
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=WoRMS/>
}}

The '''marbled rockcod''' ('''''Notothenia rossii''''') is a [[species]] of marine [[ray-finned fish]], belonging to the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Nototheniidae]], the notothens or cod icefishes. It is native to the [[Southern Ocean]], where it can be found at depths from {{convert|5|to|350|m|ft|abbr=on}}. This is a [[commercial fishing|commercially]] important species.<ref name=FishBase>{{FishBase | genus = Notothenia | species = rossii | month = February| year = 2014}}</ref>

==Taxonomy==
The marbled rockcod was first formally [[Species description|described]] in 1844 by the Scottish [[naval surgeon]], [[naturalist]] and [[Arctic explorer]] [[John Richardson (naturalist)|John Richardson]] with no type locality given, although it is thought likely to be Kerguelen Island.<ref name = CofF>{{Cof genus | genus = Notothenia | access-date = 25 September 2021}}</ref> Richardson gave it the specific name ''rossii'' which honours [[James Clark Ross]], the leader of the [[Ross expedition]], a scientific expedition by the vessels [[HMS Erebus (1826)|HMS ''Erebus'']] and [[HMS Terror (1813)|HMS ''Terror'']] to survey and explore the coasts of Antarctica.<ref name = ETYFish>{{cite web | url = https://etyfish.org/perciformes7/ | title = Order Perciformes: Suborder Notothenoididei: Families Bovichtidae, Pseaudaphritidae, Elegopinidae, Nototheniidae, Harpagiferidae, Artedidraconidae, Bathydraconidae, Channichthyidae and Percophidae | work = The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database | editor1= Christopher Scharpf | editor2 = Kenneth J. Lazara | name-list-style = amp |date = 12 April 2021 | access-date = 23 September 2021 | publisher = Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara}}</ref>

==Description==
The marbled rockcod can reach a length of {{convert|92|cm|in|abbr=on}}, though a more common length is around {{convert|50|cm|in|abbr=on}}. The greatest recorded weight for this species is {{convert|10|kg|lb|abbr=on}}. The [[dorsal fin]] is divided in two parts, with four to seven spines in the front portion and 32 to 36 soft rays in the long, back portion. The [[anal fin]] has 26 to 30 soft rays.<ref name=FishBase/> The colour and pattern varies but it is typically dark brown with dark marbling on the upper body, paler on the lower body. The first dorsal fin has a dark spot in the membrane between each spine. The juveniles are yellowish or golden in colour during their benthic phase while the pelagic juveniles are silvery.<ref name = Gon>{{cite book | editor1 = O. Gon | editor2 = P.C. Heemstra | name-list-style = and | year = 1990 | title = Fishes of the Southern Ocean | author1 = H.H. Dewitt | author2 = P.C. Heemstra | author3 = O. Gon | publisher = South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity | isbn = 9780868102115 | chapter = Nototheniidae Notothens | url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/240475#page/300/mode/1up}}</ref>

==Distribution==
The marbled rockcod's range includes the northern end of the [[Antarctic Peninsula]], the [[Scotia Arc]], [[Prince Edward Islands]], [[Crozet Islands]], [[Kerguelen Islands]], [[Heard Island and McDonald Islands|Heard Island]] and [[Macquarie Island]], as well as the [[Ob Bank]], and [[Lena Bank]].<ref name=FishBase/>

==Biology==
Marbled rockcod females become sexually mature at about six years of age. Along with mature males they move into the deeper water of the [[continental shelf]]. Spawning takes place once a year and the young fish stay mostly in shallow water in the fiords and bays, feeding mainly on [[zooplankton]]. Males can live for up to twelve years.<ref name=FishBase/>

==Fisheries==
The marbled rockcod was heavily fished by [[Soviet]] fishers during the 1960s and 1970s, with catches exceeding 100,000 tonnes in some seasons; it almost disappeared from around [[South Georgia Island]], and by 1980, was depleted throughout the Southern Ocean.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.lighthouse-foundation.org/index.php?id=90&L=1|title = Large-scale commercial marine harvesting|publisher = Lighthouse Foundation|access-date = 23 July 2013}}</ref> It took the population 20 years to show signs of recovery.<ref name = Hollyman>{{cite journal | first1 = Phillip | last1 = Hollyman | last2 = Hill | first2 = Simeon L. | last3 = Lapitkhovksy | first3 = Vladminir V. | last4 = Belchier | first4 = Mark | last5 = Gregory | first5 = Sue | last6 = Clement | first6 = Alice | last7 = Collins | first7 = Martin A | display-authors = 3 | year = 2021 | title = A long road to recovery: dynamics and ecology of the marbled rockcod (Notothenia rossii) at South Georgia, 50 years after over-exploitation | journal = ICES Journal of Marine Science | volume = fsab150 | doi = 10.1093/icesjms/fsab150| doi-access = free }}</ref>

==References==
* Tony Ayling & Geoffrey Cox, ''Collins Guide to the Sea Fishes of New Zealand'', (William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1982) {{ISBN|0-00-216987-8}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q571437}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Marbled rockcod}}
[[Category:Notothenia]]
[[Category:Fish of the Southern Ocean]]
[[Category:Fauna of the Crozet Islands]]
[[Category:Fauna of the Kerguelen Islands]]
[[Category:Fauna of Heard Island and McDonald Islands]]
[[Category:Fish described in 1844]]
[[Category:Taxa named by John Richardson (naturalist)]]

Marbled rockcod - Revision history

imported>Nurg: cat sort