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The '''Madrid peace conference letter of invitation''', also known as the '''Madrid Invitation''' or '''Letter of invitation to the Middle East Peace Conference in Madrid''', of October 19, 1991, was a formal diplomatic invitation by the [[United States]] and the [[Soviet Union]] issued to [[Israel]], [[Syria]], [[Lebanon]], [[Jordan]] and the [[Palestinians]], calling on them to come together and hold a [[peace]] [[meeting|conference]] in [[Madrid]], [[Spain]]. The resulting conference came to be known as the [[Madrid Conference of 1991|Madrid Conference]] that commenced on October 30, 1991.

The invitation was issued in the name of [[President of the United States|US President]] [[George H. W. Bush]] and [[President of the Soviet Union|Soviet President]] [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] and signed by [[United States Secretary of State|US Secretary of State]] [[James Baker|James A. Baker, III]] and [[Boris Pankin]] for the [[Soviet Union]], and a reply by October 23, 1991, was requested.

It is widely agreed that the invitation, which was an outcome of compromises by all sides, detailed the structure of the Madrid process in four main areas:

#That there would be an opening conference having no power to impose solutions.
#It called for bilateral talks with the Arab states bordering Israel.
#Talks would be held with the Palestinians on a five-year period of interim self-rule, which would then be followed by talks on the permanent status.
#There would be multilateral talks on key regional issues such as refugees.

==Text and content of invitation==
Following are the main points within the invitation (shortened version):

<div style="padding:1em;border:1px solid black">
:October 19, 1991

:On behalf of President Gorbachev and President Bush, we are very pleased to convey the attached invitation...

:Sincerely,
:James A. Baker, III
:Boris Dmitriyevich Pankin

:Invitation

:...[[United Nations]] and the [[Soviet Union]] believe that an historic opportunity exists to advance the prospects for genuine peace...The [[United States]] and the Soviet Union are prepared to assist...a...peace settlement, through direct negotiations along two tracks, between [[Israel]] and the [[Arab]] states, and between Israel and the [[Palestinians]], based on [[UN Security Council Resolution 242|United Nations Security Council Resolutions 242]] and [[UN Security Council Resolution 338|338]]...

:...the [[President of the United States|president of the U.S.]] and the [[President of the Soviet Union|president of the USSR]] invite you to a peace conference, which their countries will co-sponsor, followed immediately by direct negotiations...in [[Madrid]] on 30 October 1991.

:[[George H.W. Bush|President Bush]] and [[Mikhail Gorbachev|President Gorbachev]] request your acceptance of this invitation...

:Direct bilateral negotiations will begin four days after the opening of the conference...those...focus on region-wide issues such as arms control and regional security, water, refugee issues, environment, economic development, and other subjects of mutual interest.

:...Governments to be invited include [[Israel]], [[Syria]], [[Lebanon]] and [[Jordan]]. [[Palestinians]] will be invited and attend as part of a joint Jordanian-Palestinian delegation. [[Egypt]] will be invited...The [[European Community]] will be a participant...The [[Gulf Cooperation Council]] will be invited...The United Nations will be invited...

:The conference will have no power to impose solutions on the parties or veto agreements reached by them. It will have no authority to make decisions for the parties and no ability to vote on issues or results. The conference can reconvene only with the consent of all the parties.

:...negotiations between Israel and Palestinians...will be conducted in phases, beginning with talks on interim self-government...Once agreed the [[Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip|interim self-government arrangements]] will last for a period of five years...negotiations will take place on permanent status...negotiations between Israel and the Arab states, will take place on the basis of resolutions 242 and 338...

:...this process offers the promise of ending decades of confrontation and conflict and the hope of lasting peace...only through such a process can real peace and reconciliation among the Arab states, Israel and the Palestinians be achieved...
</div>

==Arab–Israeli peace diplomacy and treaties==
*[[Paris Peace Conference, 1919]]
*[[Faisal–Weizmann Agreement]] (1919)
*[[1949 Armistice Agreements]]
*[[Camp David Accords (1978)]]
*[[Egypt–Israel peace treaty]] (1979)
*[[Madrid Conference of 1991]]
*[[Oslo Accords]] (1993)
*[[Israel–Jordan peace treaty]] (1994)
*[[Camp David 2000 Summit]]
*[[Israeli–Palestinian peace process]]
*[[Projects working for peace among Israelis and Arabs]]
*[[List of Middle East peace proposals]]
*[[International law and the Arab–Israeli conflict]]

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20010221015610/http://www.damascus-online.com/history/documents/invitation.htm Invitation to Syria, full text]
*[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Peace%20Process/Guide%20to%20the%20Peace%20Process/Madrid%20Letter%20of%20Invitation Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, full text]

{{Soviet Union–United States relations|state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Madrid Peace Conference Letter Of Invitation}}
[[Category:Israeli–Palestinian peace process]]
[[Category:Middle East peace efforts]]
[[Category:Soviet Union–United States relations]]
[[Category:Soviet Union–Syria relations]]
[[Category:Israel–Soviet Union relations]]
[[Category:1991 documents]]
[[Category:Documents of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict]]

Madrid peace conference letter of invitation - Revision history

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