imported>GreenC bot: Rescued 1 archive link. Wayback Medic 2.5 per WP:URLREQ#xyz.reuters.com

2024-09-12T22:08:22Z

Rescued 1 archive link. Wayback Medic 2.5 per WP:URLREQ#xyz.reuters.com

New page

{{Infobox settlement


|name = Ménaka
|other_name =
|native_name = 
|nickname =
|settlement_type = [[Cercles of Mali|Cercle]]
|motto =

|image_skyline =
|imagesize =
|image_caption =
|image_flag =
|flag_size =
|image_seal =
|seal_size =
|image_shield =
|shield_size =
|image_map = Map commune Mali - MENAKA.svg
|mapsize = 300px
|map_caption = Ménaka Cercle in Mali
|pushpin_map = Mali#Africa
|pushpin_label_position = bottom
|pushpin_mapsize = 300
|pushpin_map_caption =

|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{flag|Mali}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Mali|Region]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Ménaka Region|Ménaka]]
|subdivision_type2 =
|subdivision_name2 =
|subdivision_type3 =
|subdivision_name3 =
| seat_type =Admin HQ (''[[Chef-lieu]]'')
| seat =[[Ménaka]]
|
|government_footnotes =
|government_type =
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|leader_title1 = 
|leader_name1 =
|established_title = 
|established_date =

|area_magnitude =
|unit_pref =
|area_footnotes =<ref name=communes>{{citation | title= Common and Fundamental Operational Datasets Registry: Mali | publisher= United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs | url= http://cod.humanitarianresponse.info/country-region/mali | access-date= 2017-05-26 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121214211137/http://cod.humanitarianresponse.info/country-region/Mali | archive-date= 2012-12-14 | url-status= dead }}. commune_mali.zip (Originally from the Direction Nationale des Collectivités Territoriales, République du Mali)</ref>
|area_total_km2 =14900
|area_land_km2 = 

|population_as_of =2009 Census
|population_footnotes =<ref name=pop2009>{{citation | url=http://instat.gov.ml/documentation/gao.pdf
| publisher=République de Mali: Institut National de la Statistique| title=Resultats Provisoires RGPH 2009 (Région de Gao) | language=French }}</ref>
|population_note =
|population_total =20702
|population_density_km2 =auto
|population_density_sq_mi =
|population_metro =
|population_density_metro_km2 =
|population_density_metro_sq_mi =
|population_blank1_title =Ethnicities
|population_blank1 =
|population_density_blank1_km2 =
|population_density_blank1_sq_mi =

|timezone =[[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]
|utc_offset = +0
|timezone_DST =
|utc_offset_DST =
|coordinates = {{coord|16|35|N|2|50|E|dim:440000_region:ML-7_type:adm2nd_source:dewiki|display=it}}
|elevation_footnotes = 
|elevation_m =
|elevation_ft =

|postal_code_type = 
|postal_code =
|area_code =
|blank_name =
|blank_info =
|blank1_name =
|blank1_info =
|website =
|footnotes =
}}

'''Ménaka Cercle''' is an administrative subdivision of [[Ménaka Region]], [[Mali]]. Its administrative center is the town of [[Ménaka]]. Ménaka Cercle's population as of 2009 was 56,104 people. Ménaka is located in the middle of the [[Sahara Desert]], along [[Wadi Ezgeuret]] and an ancient dry river valley of the [[Iullemmeden Basin]]. Its highest point, [[Mount Abourak]], is located around 150 km to the north of the town of Ménaka. Most of the small population are [[nomad]]ic [[Tuareg people|Tuareg]] [[tribal]] populations; [[ethnic minority|minorities]] include the [[Wodaabe]] [[Fula people|Fula]] and sedentary [[Songhai people]]. The area is a traditional center of the [[Kel Dinnik]] Tuareg confederation, along with the town of [[Andéramboukane]] near the [[Mali–Niger border|Nigerien border]].<ref name="Imperato1986">{{Cite book |last=Imperato |first=Pascal James |title=Historical Dictionary of Mali |publisher=Scarecrow Press|location=Metuchen NJ - London |year=1986 |isbn=0-8108-1369-6}}{{rp|pp. 85, 144–145, 193}}</ref>

==History==
The current Ménaka Cercle is the successor to a previous [[Communes of Mali|commune]] of the same name. Prior to 2016, a different Ménaka Cercle existed corresponding to the current Ménaka Region. It was divided into five [[Communes of Mali|communes]]:<ref>{{citation | year=1999 | title=Loi N°99-035/ du 10 Aout 1999 Portant Création des Collectivités Territoriales de Cercles et de Régions | url=http://www.matcl.gov.ml/PDF/LoiCreationCercleReg.pdf | publisher=Ministère de l'Administration Territoriales et des Collectivités Locales, République du Mali | language=French | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309073942/http://www.matcl.gov.ml/PDF/LoiCreationCercleReg.pdf | archivedate=2012-03-09 }}.</ref>
* [[Alata, Mali|Alata]]
* [[Andéramboukane]]
* [[Inékar]]
* [[Ménaka]]
* [[Tidermène]]

===2009 kidnappings===

On 22 January, four foreign tourists were reported kidnapped in Ménaka Cercle, while traveling by auto from a festival at Anderamboukané on the main road to [[Ménaka]], and on to [[Gao]]. One [[United Kingdom|Briton]], one German, and two Swiss citizens were reportedly kidnapped. One of their vehicles escaped the attack, and one which was seized was later found abandoned across the border near [[Bani-Bangou]], [[Niger]].<ref>[http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=86&art_id=nw20090122211150249C583500 Tourists 'kidnapped in Niger']. January 22, 2009. AFP.</ref><ref>[http://www.afrik.com/breve15443.html Mali - Niger. Des touristes européens enlevés au Niger]. January 22, 2009. Afrik</ref><ref>[http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2009/01/200912221442820657.html European tourists seized in Niger]. 23 January 2009. Al Jazeera.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200928032442/https://uk.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUKLM333916 Mali says Tuareg rebels abduct group of tourists]. Thu Jan 22, 2009. Reuters.</ref> The German and one of the Swiss citizens were released in April 2009. The Briton was killed in May 2009. The other Swiss citizen was released in July 2009.<ref>{{citation | url=http://www.rnw.nl/english/article/swiss-hostage-released-al-qaeda | title=Swiss hostage released by al-Qaeda | publisher=Radio Netherlands Worldwide | date=12 Jul 2009| accessdate=10 Feb 2011}}.</ref>

On 25 November, a Frenchman called Pierre Camatte was taken hostage from a hotel in [[Ménaka]] city. A January 2010 statement issued by the north African branch of al-Qaeda, sets an ultimatum of 20 days for the exchange of four of al-Qaeda members by Pierre Camatte, after which, it says, the French and Malian governments "will be fully responsible for the French hostage's life". Camatte was released in exchange for the four prisoners in February 2010.<ref>{{citation | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8452500.stm | title=Frenchman Pierre Camatte kidnapped in Mali | publisher=BBC News | date=11 Jan 2010 | accessdate=10 Feb 2011}}.</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*{{citation | title=Synthèsis des Plans de Securité Alimentaire des Communes du Cercle de Ménaka 2005-2009 | publisher=Commissariat à la Sécurité Alimentaire, République du Mali, USAID-Mali | year=2005 | url=http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/mali_fd_strtgy/plans/gao/Menaka/P_S_A_Cercle_MENAKA_vf.pdf | language=French | access-date=2011-02-10 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720004501/http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/mali_fd_strtgy/plans/gao/Menaka/P_S_A_Cercle_MENAKA_vf.pdf | archive-date=2011-07-20 | url-status=dead }}.
*{{citation | url= http://www.bndr-mali.org/bnn-mali/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=1525&Itemid=53 | title= Schéma d'aménagement du territoire de Menaka | publisher= Adere Nord, République du Mali | year= 2008 | language= French }}{{Dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}.
{{Cercles of Mali}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Menaka Cercle}}
[[Category:Cercles of Mali]]
[[Category:Populated places in Ménaka Region]]

Ménaka Cercle - Revision history

imported>GreenC bot: Rescued 1 archive link. Wayback Medic 2.5 per WP:URLREQ#xyz.reuters.com