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History: typo

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{{Infobox settlement


|name = Médine
|other_name = Medina
|native_name = 
|nickname =
|settlement_type =Village
|motto =

|image_skyline = MedineMage1857.jpeg
|imagesize = 300px
|image_caption = [[Eugene Mage]]'s view of the lifting of the siege of Fort du Médine, from ''Voyage dans le Soudan occidental'' (1868).
|image_flag =
|flag_size =
|image_seal =
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|image_map =
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|pushpin_map =Mali
|pushpin_label_position =bottom
|pushpin_mapsize =300
|pushpin_map_caption =Location in Mali

|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{flag|Mali}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Mali|Region]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Kayes Region]]
|subdivision_type2 =[[Cercles of Mali|Cercle]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Kayes Cercle]]
|subdivision_type3 =[[Communes of Mali|Commune]]
|subdivision_name3 = [[Hawa Dembaya]]
|
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|population_blank1_title =Ethnicities
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|timezone =[[GMT]]
|utc_offset = +0
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|coordinates = {{coord|14|22|34|N|11|22|06|W|region:ML|display=inline,title}}
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}}

'''Médine''' is a village and principal settlement (''[[chef-lieu]]'') of the [[Hawa Dembaya|commune of Hawa Dembaya]] in the [[Kayes Cercle|Cercle of Kayes]] in the [[Kayes Region]] of south-western [[Mali]].<ref>{{citation | title=Communes de la Région de Kayes | publisher=Ministère de l’administration territoriale et des collectivités locales, République du Mali | url=http://www.matcl.gov.ml/pdf/ComRegKayes.pdf | language=fr | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309074020/http://www.matcl.gov.ml/pdf/ComRegKayes.pdf | archive-date=2012-03-09 }}.</ref> The village is located 12 km east of [[Kayes]] on the left bank of the [[Sénégal River]] just downstream of the [[Félou Falls]]. The site of the village was historically important as the falls were the furthest point up the Sénégal River from [[Saint-Louis, Senegal|Saint Louis]] that could be reached by boat. Navigation was only possible after the rainy season when the river was in flood.

==History==
[[File:GriotsSambala.jpg|thumbnail|left|300px|Griots of Sambala, the king of Medine. Photo by [[Joannès Barbier]].]]
Beginning in 1800 Medina became the capital of Dembaya, one of the small kingdoms that had split from [[Khasso]] after a civil war.<ref name="Khasso">{{cite web |title=ORIGINE ET HISTOIRE DU KHASSO |url=http://www.khasso.com/histoire%20du%20khasso%20selon%20sekene%20mody.htm |website=Khasso.com |access-date=7 July 2023}}</ref>

===Rising French Power===
France at this time was struggling to create a [[West Africa]]n empire to rival the holdings of its powerful neighbor [[England]]. The previous year, the [[Political system of France|French legislature]] had voted the first funds for what would become the [[Dakar-Niger railway line]], a key transportation system to link France's colonies. As the railroad line expanded toward the east, the army established a series of forts, moving troops and [[cannon]] into them by [[Steamboat|steamship]] where possible and overland where not.

In 1848, Umar Tall launched his [[jihad]] against neighboring [[Malinké]] regions. By 1855, his rapid expansion had led to several skirmishes with the French army. With the authorization of his ally, queen [[Hawa Demba Diallo]], Governor Faidherbe ordered a fort built at the Khasso village of Médina.<ref name=unesco/>

===Siege by El Hadj Umar Tall===
In April 1857, Umar Tall declared war against the Khasso kingdom, and marched on Médina Fort, their nearest outpost, with an army of 20,000 to 25,000 riflemen. He [[Siege of Medina Fort|laid siege to the fort]] and began a series of assaults that resulted in hundreds of casualties for the Toucouleur army. In the 97 days that followed, the defenders' food supplies soon ran low, and the fort was on the verge of surrendering when Faidherbe arrived by steamboat with supplies and 500 reinforcements, breaking the siege.

===Consequences===
[[File:Médine1.JPG|thumb|The Médine train station along the [[Dakar-Niger Railway]], c. 1895]]
Realizing the difficulties of attacking the well-equipped French, Umar Tall turned his attention to the neighboring [[Bambara Empire]], soon conquering most of its territory including its capital of [[Ségou]]. However, the French continued to expand their West African presence, conquering Ségou and the [[Toucouleur Empire]] less than thirty years after Umar Taal's death.

==Today==
On 19 March 2009 the Malian Government submitted the Médine Fort to be added to the tentative list of heritage sites of the UNESCO World Heritage Centre.<ref name=unesco>{{citation | title= Le Fort de Médine | url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5439/ | access-date=27 May 2010 | publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre | language=fr }}</ref> The Fort du Médine is open to the public. There is also an old railroad station on the [[Dakar–Niger Railway|Dakar-Koulikoro line]] 2 km to the west of the village and a European-style cemetery with graves from the mid-19th century. The village population is around 1800 with a small market daily.

==References==
{{Reflist}}
*B.O. Oloruntimeehin. ''The Segu Tukulor Empire''. Humanities Press, New York (1972). SBN 391002066
*Initial article is based on a translation of the [[:fr:Siège du fort de Médine|corresponding article]] from the French Wikipedia, retrieved on July 5, 2005

==Further reading==
*{{citation | last=Mage | first=Eugène | year=1868 |title=Voyage dans le Soudan occidental (Sénégambie-Niger)| publisher=Hachette |place=Paris | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AxsPAAAAYAAJ | language=fr}}. 

{{Communes of the Kayes Region}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Medine, Mali}}
[[Category:Populated places in Kayes Region]]

Médine, Mali - Revision history

imported>Jacqke: /* History */ typo