imported>MafiaBoy123 at 14:25, 19 December 2024

2024-12-19T14:25:59Z

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{{Short description|Last king of Chinese state of Chu during 223 BC}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Lord Changping
| relations = [[King Qingxiang of Chu]] (paternal grandfather) [[King Kaolie of Chu]] (father) [[King Zhaoxiang of Qin]] (maternal grandfather) [[King You of Chu]], [[King Ai of Chu]] and [[Fuchu]] (brother)
| office = King of [[Chu (state)|Chu]]
| native_name = 昌平君
| native_name_lang = zh
| birthname = '''Family name''': 
[[Chinese surname#Xing|Ancestral name]]: Mǐ (羋) 
[[Chinese surname#Shi|Lineage name]]: Xióng (熊) 
'''Given name''': Qǐ (启)
| term_start = 223 BC
| term_end = 223 BC
| predecessor = [[Fuchu]]
| successor = None
| office1 = Prime Minister of [[Qin (state)|Qin]]
| term_start1 = 237 BC
| term_end1 = 226 BC
| predecessor1 = [[Lü Buwei]]
| successor1 = None
| occupation = Military general, monarch, politician
}}
'''Lord Changping''' ({{zhi|c=昌平君}}; died 223 BC) was a Chinese monarch and politician who remained as an important military commander and lord of [[Qin (state)|Qin]], who later departed from the state of Qin and went to the state of Chu where he became the last king of [[Chu (state)|Chu]] (223 BC) in the last days of the Chinese [[Warring States period]].<ref>[[Records of the Grand Historian]], Vol. 6: Annals of [[Qin Shi Huang]]. [http://ctext.org/shiji/qin-shi-huang-ben-ji]</ref> He was a son of [[King Kaolie of Chu]] and a maternal grandson of [[King Zhaoxiang of Qin]], making him a first cousin once removed of [[Qin Shi Huang]].

==Accounts in the Records of the Grand Historian==
The deeds of Lord Changping was mainly recorded in Vol. 6: ''Annals of [[Qin Shi Huang]]'' of the ''[[Records of the Grand Historian]]''.

In 238 BC, in the State of Qin, a pseudo-eunuch [[Lao Ai]] entered into a relationship with [[Queen Dowager Zhao]] and plotted against King Zheng of Qin (who would later ascend to Shi Huang, the First Emperor):
<blockquote>The king found out this fact and ordered the chancellor ([[Lü Buwei]]) to let Lord Changping and {{ill|Lord Changwen|zh|昌文君}} lead soldiers and attack Lao Ai. They battled at [[Xianyang]] (the capital of Qin) and killed hundreds [of the rebels]. [For this deed,] they all received the peerage. Also, all eunuchs who battled [against Lao Ai] received one higher peerage than before.<ref>Annals of Qin Shi Huang, the 9th year of Qin Shi Huang. 王知之，令相國昌平君、昌文君發卒攻毐。戰咸陽，斬首數百，皆拜爵，及宦者皆在戰中，亦拜爵一級。</ref></blockquote>
Although Lao Ai fled from this battle, he was ultimately captured and executed.

In 226 BC, Lord Changping moved to [[Ying (Chu)|Ying]] (the capital of Chu).<ref>Annals of Qin Shi Huang, the 21st year of Qin Shi Huang. 昌平君徙於郢。</ref>

In 224 BC, King Zheng of Qin appointed General [[Li Xin (Qin)|Li Xin]] and his vice-commander General [[Meng Tian]] in charge of a 200,000 strong army with the task of conquering the Chu state. After some initial success, the invasion was successfully stopped by both Lord Changping and General {{ill|Xiang Yan|zh|項燕}}, when they managed to wipe out most of the Qin army, killing thousands, as well as some of their top commanders. After this defeat, the Qin King put General [[Wang Jian (Qin)|Wang Jian]] in charge of a 600,000 Qin army to finally achieve the conquest of Chu. Wang went on to capture its king ([[Fuchu]]) and capital. The remnants, however, continued to resist by adopting Lord Changping as their new king: <blockquote>{{ill|Xiang Yan|zh|項燕}}, general of Jing (another name of Chu), adopted Lord Changping as the king of Jing and resisted against Qin at [[Huainan]]. In the 24th year (223 BC), commander in chief General Wang Jian and his vice-commander General [[Meng Wu]] assaulted Chu and after some major battles they defeated the Chu army led by Lord Changping and General Xiang Yan. Lord Changping was killed by Meng Wu and Xiang Yan finally put an end to himself.<ref>Annals of Qin Shi Huang, the 23–24th year of Qin Shi Huang. 荊將項燕立昌平君為荊王，反秦於淮南。二十四年，王翦、蒙武攻荊，破荊軍，昌平君死，項燕遂自殺。</ref>
</blockquote>

In contrast, Vol. 40: ''House of Chu'' records Fuchu as the last king of Chu and does not mention Lord Changping. Furthermore, the order of events is utterly reversed compared to the accounts in Vol. 6; the army of Qin killed General Xiang Yan in 224 BC and then captured Fuchu in 223 BC.<ref>[http://ctext.org/shiji/chu-shi-jia Records of the Grand Historian, Vol. 40: House of Chu]</ref>

==Other references==
His name was not recorded but some archaeologists associate him with a [[prime minister]] Shao ({{lang|zh|召}}) of Qin.<ref>{{cite web|last=Li Kaiyuan (李開元)|website=Tianshui|url=http://www.tianshui.com.cn/news/whzx_news/2009081522323126692.htm|title=How could the second prime minister of Qin Shi Huang have been the last king of Chu?|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090926061505/http://www.tianshui.com.cn/news/whzx_news/2009081522323126692.htm|archive-date=2009-09-26}}</ref>

According to the modern historian Li Kaiyuan ({{lang|zh|李開元}}), his given name was '''Qi''' ({{lang|zh|启}}), his ancestral name '''Mi''' ({{lang|zh|芈}}) and his lineage name '''Xiong''' ({{lang|zh|熊}}) were those of the [[kings of Chu]]. He was the son of [[King Kaolie of Chu]]. Lord Changping's three predecessors were all his brothers: [[King You of Chu|King You]], [[King Ai of Chu|King Ai]], and [[Fuchu of Chu|Fuchu]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://likaiyuanbk.blog.163.com/blog/static/127027590201011804947874/|title=Who was the prime minister who helped Qin Shi Huang unify the world under heavens?|last=Li Kaiyuan (李開元)|website=LiKaiYuanBK|archive-date=2014-07-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714201130/http://likaiyuanbk.blog.163.com/blog/static/127027590201011804947874/}}</ref> He died from an arrow wound.{{citation needed|date=October 2012}}

==In popular culture==
In the manga series ''[[Kingdom (manga)|Kingdom]]'' by [[Yasuhisa Hara]], he is known as Shou Hei Kun, where he is depicted as one of China's finest strategists and a mighty warrior. He serves as Chief of Military Affairs and Supreme Commander of Qin, as well as Headmaster of the Strategist Academy, where he teaches [[Meng Tian]] (Mou Ten), [[Meng Yi]] (Mou Ki), and He Liao Diao (Ka Ryou Ten). A former "Pillar of [[Lü Buwei]]" (Ryo Fui), he later joins the King's faction, aiding [[Yíng Zhèng]] (Ei Sei) in his quest to unify China and securing dominance over Qin. In his youth, he studied under {{ill|Hu Shang|zh|胡傷}} (Ko Shou), a renowned strategist among Qin's Six Great Generals.

In Hara's earlier one-shot manga, Shou Hei Kun is portrayed as a former Qin official who defects to Chu when his homeland faces invasion and he can no longer aid Yíng Zhèng. He is ultimately killed in battle by his former friend, Qin General [[Meng Wu]] (Mou Bu).

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[Chu (state)|House of Mi]]||||223 BC||}}
{{s-reg}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[Fuchu]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Chu (state)|King of Chu]]
| years = 223 BC
}}
{{s-non
| reason = Conquered by [[Qin (state)|Qin]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Monarchs of Chu (state)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Changping, Lord}}

[[Category:223 BC deaths]]
[[Category:Assassinated Chinese military personnel]]
[[Category:Assassinated Chinese politicians]]
[[Category:3rd-century BC Chinese monarchs]]
[[Category:3rd-century BC murdered monarchs]]
[[Category:Deaths by arrow wounds]]
[[Category:Generals from Shaanxi]]
[[Category:Monarchs of Chu (state)]]
[[Category:People from Xianyang]]
[[Category:Qin dynasty generals]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Assassinated Chinese heads of state]]
[[Category:Ancient assassinated Chinese people]]

Lord Changping - Revision history

imported>MafiaBoy123 at 14:25, 19 December 2024