imported>Spsn34: /* Climate */

2024-07-05T21:08:46Z

Climate

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{{more citations needed|date=February 2022}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Longde
| native_name = {{native name list |tag1=zh-hans|name1=隆德县 |tag2=zh-arab|name2=ﻟْﻮدْ ثِيًا}}
| other_name = Lungteh
| postal_code =
| postal_code_type = [[Postal code of China|Postal code]]
| settlement_type = [[County (People's Republic of China)|County]]
| image_skyline =
| imagesize =
| image_caption =
| image_map = ChinaGuyuanLongde.png
| map_caption = Longde in Guyuan
| image_map1 = Location of Guyuan Prefecture within Ningxia (China).png
| map_caption1 = Guyuan in Ningxia
| coordinates = {{coord|35.6259|N|106.1116|E|type:adm3rd_region:CN-64_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=it}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[China]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous regions of China|Autonomous region]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Ningxia]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Prefecture-level city]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Guyuan]]
|seat_type = County seat
|seat = Chengguan
| area_code =
| area_land_km2 =
| area_total_km2 = 992.21
| area_water_km2 =
| population =
| population_as_of =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_total = 160754
| leader_name =
| leader_title =
| elevation_ft =
| elevation_m =
| elevation_max_m =
| elevation_min_m =
| timezone = [[China Standard Time|China Standard]]
| utc_offset = +8
| website =
}}
'''Longde County''' ({{zh|s=隆德县|t=隆德縣|p=Lóngdé Xiàn}}, [[Xiao'erjing]]: ﻟْﻮدْ ثِيًا) is a [[County (People's Republic of China)|county]] under the administration of the [[prefecture-level city]] of [[Guyuan]] in the south of [[Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region]] of China.

Longde County is located in the southern part of Ningxia. It gets its name from the town of Long and the Deshun army. Historically, the county was under the control of [[Pingliang]] city in [[Gansu]] province. To the north of the county is [[Guyuan]], to the east is [[Pingliang|Jingyuan County]], to the south is [[Zhuanglang County]], and to the west is [[Jingning County, Gansu|Jingning County]].

Although Longde County is in the southern part of Ningxia, air temperature is usually lower than the surrounding areas, because Longde is, on average, 2000 meters above sea level. In addition, because the county is located in the northern foothills of the [[Mount Liupan|Liupan mountain range]], there is relatively little water. The water that is added is commonly lost to earth flows, so agriculture in the county is poorly developed. These factors, coupled with the gangs of bandits who historically roamed the region, made Longde a county famous for its impoverishment.

There are many mountains in Longde County. The highest peak in the Liupan range rises 2900 meters above sea level. The range became famous when [[Chinese Communist Party]] leader [[Mao Zedong]] wrote a poem with the phrase "On the summit of Liupan, the red flag waves freely in the western wind". This mountain has some stretches of verdant forest, unlike the treeless hills of the surrounding [[Loess Plateau]]. During the 1960s, the mountain was still the haunt of [[Panthera|panther]]s, [[wolf|wolves]], and other predators. On the hilltop, there is a memorial pavilion for the [[Long March]] of the [[Red Army]], a television relay tower, a [[meteorology]] station, and other things. The Liupan Public Highway stretches for more than 5000 meters, tunneling through the hillside. Before the tunnel was open to traffic, the Liupan range was a natural moat dividing the highway between Xi'an and Lanzhou. The road twists and winds, an exceptional and imposing sight. During the heavy snow of winter, cars often flip over because of the road's difficult conditions.

Because the Liupan range, which is over 200 kilometers long in total, is in the southeast part of Longde, and the county is generally high above sea level in the east and lower in the west, river water is said to flow backwards here. There are not many rivers in the county, but major ones include the [[Yu River (Ningxia)|Yu River]] and the Hulu River. There are also a number of sizable reservoirs and natural ponds (known locally as "Flooded Dams").

Since the county is on the periphery of the Loess Plateau, there are many mountains and ravines. Flat land is called "Chuan". It is generally quite fertile and yields a plentiful variety of products. The mountains have many terrace fields.

Large numbers of [[Han Chinese]] and [[Hui people]] live in the county. The local dialect of [[Chinese language|Chinese]] is similar to that spoken in Shaanxi, but slightly different. It is rather different from that spoken in the northern part of Ningxia. Farmers grow [[wheat]], [[potato]]es, [[maize|corn]], [[soy beans]], and [[peas]], among other things. They also raise cattle like [[cow]]s, [[sheep]], and [[pig]]s. Products produced in the county include [[apple]]s, [[pear]]s, [[apricot]]s, [[watermelon]]s, and [[traditional Chinese medicine]]. Local folk traditions are similar to those in surrounding Gansu and Shaanxi. Important holidays often include popular celebration activities. For example, the [[Chinese New Year|Spring Festival]] includes a "Juggling Group Fire" activity. There are also some customs not often seen in other places in China. For example, "singed rickets" during the first month of the lunar new year, sauteed peas on the second day of February, hanging picked sallow outside one's door on the fifth of May, giving winter clothes to one's ancestors on October 1, and others.

Because there is little space and many people in some mountainous areas, the environment has been seriously destroyed, and the areas are no longer suitable for living. In recent years, the local government has successively organized residents to move to the plains areas in northern Ningxia. Resettlement is known locally as "Hanging condolences on the village farm". There are also many rural young people who leave the county to find work opportunities in China's coastal regions.

== Transport ==
*[[China National Highway 312]]

==Administrative divisions==

Longde County administers 3 towns and 10 townships.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2023/64/04/640423.html|script-title=zh:2023年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：隆德县| publisher = [[National Bureau of Statistics of China]]| language = zh-hans| access-date =}}</ref>

'''3 towns'''
* Chengguan ({{lang|zh-Hans|城关镇}}, {{lang|zh-arab|چٍْ‌قُوًا جٍ}})
* [[Liancai]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|联财镇}}, {{lang|zh-arab|لِيًاڞَيْ جٍ}})
* [[Shatang]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|沙塘镇}}, {{lang|zh-arab|شَاتَانْ جٍ}})

'''10 townships'''
* [[Shanhe Township|Shanhe]] ({{lang|zh-hans|山河乡}})
* [[Fengling]] ({{lang|zh-hans|凤岭乡}}, {{lang|zh-arab|فٍْ‌لِئٍ ثِيَانْ}})
* [[Zhangcheng]] ({{lang|zh-hans|张程乡}}, {{lang|zh-arab|جَانْ‌چٍْ ثِيَانْ}})
* [[Shenlin]] ({{lang|zh-hans|神林乡}}, {{lang|zh-arab|شٍ‌لٍ ثِيَانْ}})
* [[Yanghe Township, Ningxia|Yanghe]] ({{lang|zh-hans|杨河乡}}, {{lang|zh-arab|يَانْ‌حَ ثِيَانْ}})
* Guanzhuang ({{lang|zh-hans|观庄乡}}, {{lang|zh-arab|قُوًاجُوَانْ ثِيَانْ}})
* [[Haoshui]] ({{lang|zh-hans|好水乡}}, {{lang|zh-arab|خَوْشُوِ ثِيَانْ}})
* [[Chenjin]] ({{lang|zh-hans|陈靳乡}}, {{lang|zh-arab|چٍ‌ڭٍ ثِيَانْ}})
* [[Dian'an]] ({{lang|zh-hans|奠安乡}}, {{lang|zh-arab|دِيًااً ثِيَانْ}})
* [[Wenbu]] ({{lang|zh-hans|温堡乡}}, {{lang|zh-arab|وٌبُ ثِيَانْ}})

==Climate==

{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y
|collapsed = Y
|location = Longde, elevation {{convert|2079|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
|Jan high C = -0.8
|Feb high C = 2.4
|Mar high C = 7.8
|Apr high C = 14.0
|May high C = 18.0
|Jun high C = 21.4
|Jul high C = 23.2
|Aug high C = 22.2
|Sep high C = 17.4
|Oct high C = 11.8
|Nov high C = 6.2
|Dec high C = 0.9
|Jan mean C = -7.3
|Feb mean C = -3.8
|Mar mean C = 1.5
|Apr mean C = 7.6
|May mean C = 11.9
|Jun mean C = 15.7
|Jul mean C = 17.7
|Aug mean C = 16.7
|Sep mean C = 12.2
|Oct mean C = 6.2
|Nov mean C = 0.1
|Dec mean C = -5.6
|Jan low C = -12.3
|Feb low C = -8.6
|Mar low C = -3.3
|Apr low C = 1.7
|May low C = 5.7
|Jun low C = 9.6
|Jul low C = 12.4
|Aug low C = 12.0
|Sep low C = 8.0
|Oct low C = 1.9
|Nov low C = -4.4
|Dec low C = -10.4
|Jan record high C = 12.0 |Jan record low C = -25.5
|Feb record high C = 16.9 |Feb record low C = -23.6
|Mar record high C = 22.4 |Mar record low C = -19.5
|Apr record high C = 26.2 |Apr record low C = -13.4
|May record high C = 28.0 |May record low C = -7.4
|Jun record high C = 29.7 |Jun record low C = -0.4
|Jul record high C = 32.4 |Jul record low C = 3.0
|Aug record high C = 30.6 |Aug record low C = 3.7
|Sep record high C = 29.1 |Sep record low C = -1.9
|Oct record high C = 21.8 |Oct record low C = -11.5
|Nov record high C = 16.2 |Nov record low C = -19.1
|Dec record high C = 10.9 |Dec record low C = -27.3
|year high C = |year low C =
|year high F = |year low F =
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 5.7
|Feb precipitation mm = 6.8
|Mar precipitation mm = 12.1
|Apr precipitation mm = 28.7
|May precipitation mm = 45.9
|Jun precipitation mm = 75.9
|Jul precipitation mm = 111.5
|Aug precipitation mm = 104.0
|Sep precipitation mm = 69.6
|Oct precipitation mm = 39.4
|Nov precipitation mm = 10.5
|Dec precipitation mm = 3.1
|Jan humidity = 61
|Feb humidity = 60
|Mar humidity = 56
|Apr humidity = 54
|May humidity = 57
|Jun humidity = 65
|Jul humidity = 71
|Aug humidity = 73
|Sep humidity = 75
|Oct humidity = 72
|Nov humidity = 66
|Dec humidity = 60
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 6.2
|Feb precipitation days = 6.0
|Mar precipitation days = 7.4
|Apr precipitation days = 7.9
|May precipitation days = 10.1
|Jun precipitation days = 12.6
|Jul precipitation days = 14.7
|Aug precipitation days = 13.3
|Sep precipitation days = 12.5
|Oct precipitation days = 10.4
|Nov precipitation days = 5.9
|Dec precipitation days = 3.9
|year precipitation days =
|Jan sun = 176.9
|Feb sun = 164.4
|Mar sun = 197.4
|Apr sun = 218.1
|May sun = 234.6
|Jun sun = 229.5
|Jul sun = 225.1
|Aug sun = 209.6
|Sep sun = 158.5
|Oct sun = 172.7
|Nov sun = 171.5
|Dec sun = 180.3
|year sun =
| Jan percentsun = 57
| Feb percentsun = 53
| Mar percentsun = 53
| Apr percentsun = 55
| May percentsun = 54
| Jun percentsun = 53
| Jul percentsun = 51
| Aug percentsun = 51
| Sep percentsun = 43
| Oct percentsun = 50
| Nov percentsun = 56
| Dec percentsun = 60
| year percentsun =
|Jan snow days = 9.3
|Feb snow days = 8.5
|Mar snow days = 7.8
|Apr snow days = 2.7
|May snow days = 0.5
|Jun snow days = 0
|Jul snow days = 0
|Aug snow days = 0
|Sep snow days = 0.1
|Oct snow days = 2.4
|Nov snow days = 5.1
|Dec snow days = 5.7
|year snow days =
|source 1 = [[China Meteorological Administration]]<ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans |access-date=26 August 2023}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans | access-date =26 August 2023}}</ref>
}}

==Related literary works==
In [[Zhang Henshui]]'s short story ''Returning For Yan'', the female main character Yang Yanqiu is from Jingning County, in Gansu, but grew up in Longde and sees it as her home. The book depicts the drought of 1928-1929 in Gansu and Shaanxi, when people in the region lived in dire poverty. They were forced to survive on grass and tree bark, without any way to eat boiled food. One of Yang Yanqiu's family members has already gone east to escape the poverty, and she sells herself to save her parents. Another family member has disappeared. Later, Yang Yanqiu follows her parents to [[Nanjing]], but returns to Longde after her father's death to find her family members. She also must do some work for northwestern development. Thus she is "Returning for Yan".

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{County-level divisions of Ningxia}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Longde County| ]]
[[Category:County-level divisions of Ningxia]]
[[Category:Guyuan]]

Longde County - Revision history

imported>Spsn34: /* Climate */