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{{about|an historical band of Ojibwe people|the federally recognized tribe in Montana|Little Shell Tribe of Chippewa Indians of Montana}}
{{more citations needed|date=March 2012}}
The '''Little Shell Band of Chippewa''' are a historic sub-band of the [[Pembina Band of Chippewa Indians]] led by Chief [[Little Shell]] in the nineteenth century. Based in North Dakota around the Pembina River, they are part of the [[Ojibwe]], one of the [[Anishinaabe]] peoples, who occupied territory west of the Great Lakes by that time. Many had partial European ancestry from intermarriage by French-Canadian fur traders and trappers. Some began to identify as [[Métis]], today recognized as one of the Indigenous Peoples of Canada. Located in the 17th century in the areas around the Great Lakes, they gradually moved west into North Dakota and Montana.

Recognized successor apparent bands include the federally recognized [[Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians]], based in North Dakota, and the [[Little Shell Tribe of Chippewa Indians of Montana]].

==History==
The [[Ojibwe]], also known as Chippewa, an [[Indigenous people of the Northeastern Woodlands]], lived near the [[Great Lakes]] at the time of European and African contact. Some of them migrated from present-day Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota into the northern [[Great Plains]] beginning in the 17th century. There they adopted the use of horses, and gradually modeled some of their culture on other Plains tribes.

European-American encroachment pushed these Ojibwe bands westward from Minnesota into present-day North Dakota. Many settled in the area around the [[Pembina River (North Dakota)|Pembina River]] in northeastern North Dakota, where the Little Shell Band of Chippewa were living in the nineteenth century.<ref name="adl">{{cite web |url=http://www.adl.org/learn/ext_us/little_shell.asp?learn_cat=extremism&learn_subcat=extremism_in_america&xpicked=3&item=little_shell |title=Extremism in America: Little Shell |publisher=Adl.org |accessdate=2011-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523220511/http://www.adl.org/learn/ext_us/Little_Shell.asp?LEARN_Cat=Extremism&LEARN_SubCat=Extremism_in_America&xpicked=3&item=little_shell |archive-date=2011-05-23 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Due to intermarriage with French-Canadian fur trappers over the years, this settlement became a center for the [[Métis]] people, who developed their own culture, related to, but separate from, the French and Ojibwe. They have been since recognized as an independent [[First Nations in Canada|First Nation]] by Canada.

European-American settlement pressure continued and many descendants of the band continued to migrate west to Montana. Chippewa live on both sides of the Canadian-US border.

==Successors==

===Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians===
{{main|Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians}}
The federally recognized [[Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians of North Dakota]] has a reservation in north-central North Dakota along the [[Canada–United States border|US-Canada border]], in the Turtle Mountains where the Chippewa had long lived, along with off-Reservation trust parcels across western North Dakota, eastern Montana and northern South Dakota, making the [[Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation]] one of the most spread out in the United States.

===Little Shell Tribe of Chippewa Indians of Montana===
{{main|Little Shell Tribe of Chippewa Indians of Montana}}
The [[Little Shell Tribe of Chippewa Indians of Montana]] is the only Chippewa band to be recognized by that state; they gained [[federal recognition]] in December 2019.<ref>{{cite news |last1=McLaughlin |first1=Kathleen |title=A big moment finally comes for the Little Shell: Federal recognition of their tribe |website=Washington Post |language=en |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/a-big-moment-finally-comes-for-the-little-shell-federal-recognition-of-their-tribe/2019/12/20/72f5ee86-204d-11ea-bed5-880264cc91a9_story.html |accessdate=21 December 2019 |date=21 Dec 2019}}</ref> The Montana Ojibwe have been well-established in that area for more than a century. Some of its members were associated with the [[Louis Riel]] [[North-West Rebellion]], as described in [[Joseph Kinsey Howard]]'s ''Strange Empire.'' Riel and some of his lieutenants were captured and executed for treason by the Canadian (British) army and legal system. See [[Trial of Louis Riel]].

==Sovereign Citizen claims ==
The so-called "Little Shell Pembina Band of North America," based in North Dakota, is a [[Sovereign citizen movement|sovereign citizens]] group founded by one family descended from the historical Little Shell Chippewa Band and made up mostly of white militia members. It claims to be a successor apparent of the [[Pembina Band of Chippewa Indians]], but it is not recognized as a Native American tribe by the US federal government nor by North Dakota. It is classified as an extremist organization by the [[Anti-Defamation League]].<ref name="adl" />

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
* [http://www.montanalittleshelltribe.org/ Little Shell Tribe of Chippewa Native Americans of Montana], official site. Recognized by the State of Montana
* [http://tmbci.kkbold.com/ Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians], official site
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110523220511/http://www.adl.org/learn/ext_us/Little_Shell.asp?LEARN_Cat=Extremism&LEARN_SubCat=Extremism_in_America&xpicked=3&item=little_shell "Little Shell Band"], ''Extremism in America,'' Anti-Defamation League

{{Pembina Chippewa}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Little Shell Band Of Chippewa Indians}}
[[Category:Native American tribes in North Dakota]]
[[Category:Native American tribes in South Dakota]]
[[Category:Ojibwe in Montana]]

Little Shell Band of Chippewa Indians - Revision history

imported>Sumanuil at 07:05, 10 May 2023