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2025-06-19T21:09:35Z

Yellow pigments

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The following list includes commercially or artistically important inorganic [[pigments]] of natural and synthetic origin.<ref name=Ullmann>{{Ullmann|last=Völz|first=Hans G.|display-authors=etal|title=Pigments, Inorganic|doi=10.1002/14356007.a20_243.pub2}}.</ref>

==Purple pigments==

'''Aluminosilicate pigments'''
*[[Ultramarine violet]] ({{not a typo|PV15}}): a synthetic or naturally occurring [[sulfur]] containing [[Silicate minerals|silicate mineral]].

'''Copper pigments'''
*[[Han purple]]: BaCuSi2O6.

'''Cobalt pigments'''
*[[Cobalt violet]] ({{not a typo|PV14}}): Co3(PO4)2.

'''Manganese pigments'''
*[[Manganese violet]]: NH4MnP2O7 ({{not a typo|PV16}}) manganic ammonium [[pyrophosphate]].<ref>{{Ullmann|first1=Hugo|last1=Müller|first2=Wolfgang|last2=Müller|first3=Manfred|last3=Wehner|first4=Heike|last4=Liewald|title=Artists' Colors|doi=10.1002/14356007.a03_143.pub2}}</ref>


==Blue pigments==

'''[[Aluminosilicate]] pigments'''
*[[Ultramarine]] ({{not a typo|PB29}}): a synthetic or naturally occurring [[sulfur]] containing [[Silicate minerals|silicate mineral]] - {{chem|Na|8–10|Al|6|Si|6|O|24|S|2–4}} (generalized formula)
*[[Persian blue]]: made by grinding up the mineral [[Lapis lazuli]]. The most important mineral component of lapis lazuli is [[lazurite]] (25% to 40%), a feldspathoid silicate mineral with the formula {{chem|(Na,Ca)|8|(AlSiO|4|)|6|(S,SO|4|,Cl)|1–2}}.

'''Cobalt pigments'''
*[[Cobalt blue]] ({{not a typo|PB28}}): cobalt(II) aluminate.
*[[Cerulean blue]] ({{not a typo|PB35}}): cobalt(II) stannate.
*[[Cerium uranium blue]]


'''Iron pigments'''
*[[Prussian blue]] ({{not a typo|PB27}}): a synthetic inert pigment made of [[iron]] and [[hydrogen cyanide|cyanide]]: C18Fe7N18.

'''Manganese pigments'''
*[[YInMn Blue]]: a synthetic pigment (YIn1−<var>x</var>Mn<var>x</var>O3).<ref>{{cite journal|title=Mn3+ in Trigonal Bipyramidal Coordination: A New Blue Chromophore|first1=Andrew E.|last1=Smith|first2=Hiroshi|last2=Mizoguchi|first3=Kris|last3=Delaney|first4=Nicola A.|last4=Spaldin|author4-link=Nicola Spaldin|first5=Arthur W.|last5=Sleight|first6=M. A.|last6=Subramanian|journal=J. Am. Chem. Soc.|date=2009|volume=131|issue=47 |pages=17084–17086|doi=10.1021/ja9080666|pmid=19899792}}</ref>
*Manganese blue: barium manganate(VI) sulfate.

==Green pigments==

'''Arsenic Pigments'''

*[[Scheele's Green]]: yellowish-green pigment commonly used during the early to mid-19th century (AsCuHO3)

*[[Paris Green]]: It was manufactured in 1814 to be a pigment to make a vibrant green paint

'''Cadmium pigments'''

*[[cadmium pigments|Cadmium green]]: a light green pigment consisting of a mixture of cadmium yellow (CdS) and [[chrome green]] (Cr2O3).

'''Chromium pigments'''

*[[Chrome green]] ({{not a typo|PG17}}): anhydrous [[chromium(III) oxide]] (Cr2O3).
*[[Viridian]] ({{not a typo|PG18}}): hydrated [[chromium(III) oxide]] Cr2O3 • xH2O.
'''Cobalt pigments'''

*[[Cobalt green]]: also known as Rinman's green or zinc green (CoZnO2).

'''Copper pigments'''

*[[Malachite]]: cupric carbonate hydroxide (Cu2CO3(OH)2).
*[[Scheele's Green]] (also called Schloss green): cupric arsenite (CuHAsO3).
*[[Brunswick green]]: various pigments, some with copper

'''Other pigments'''

*[[Green earth]]: also known as terre verte and Verona green ({{chem2|K[(Al,Fe^{3+}),(Fe^{2+},Mg](AlSi3,Si4)O10(OH)2}}).

== Yellow pigments ==

'''Arsenic pigments'''
* [[Orpiment]]: natural monoclinic arsenic sulfide ({{chem2|As2S3}}).

'''Bismuth pigments'''
* Primrose yellow (PY184): [[bismuth vanadate]] ({{chem2|BiVO4}}).

'''Cadmium pigments'''
* [[Cadmium yellow]] (PY37): [[cadmium sulfide]] (CdS), which also occurs as the mineral [[greenockite]].

'''Chromium pigments'''
* [[Chrome yellow]] or [[crocoite]] ({{not a typo|PY34}}): lead chromate ({{chem2|PbCrO4}}).
* [[Strontium yellow]] ({{not a typo|PY32}}): {{chem2|SrCrO4}}.

'''Cobalt pigments'''
* [[Aureolin]] or cobalt yellow ({{not a typo|PY40}}): potassium cobaltinitrite ({{chem2|K3Co(NO2)6}}).

'''Iron pigments'''
* [[Yellow ochre]] ({{not a typo|PY43}}): a naturally occurring clay of monohydrated ferric oxide ({{chem2|Fe2O3*H2O}}).

'''Lead pigments'''
* [[Naples yellow]] (PY41).
* [[Lead-tin-yellow]]: {{chem2|PbSnO4}} or {{chem2|Pb(Sn,Si)O3}}.

'''Titanium pigments'''
* [[Titanium yellow]] (PY53): {{chem2|[[NiO]]*[[Sb2O3]]*20[[TiO2]]}}

'''Tin pigments'''
* [[Mosaic gold]]: [[stannic sulfide]] (SnS2).

'''Zinc pigments'''
* [[Zinc chromate|Zinc yellow]] ({{not a typo|PY36}}): zinc chromate ({{chem2|ZnCrO4}}), a highly toxic substance with anti-corrosive properties which was historically most often used to paint over metals.

==Orange pigments==

'''Cadmium pigments'''
*[[Cadmium pigments|Cadmium orange]] ({{not a typo|PO20}}): an intermediate between cadmium red and cadmium yellow: cadmium [[sulfoselenide]].

'''Vanadium pigments'''
*[[Bismuth vanadate]] orange ({{not a typo|PO86}}): similar to vermilion.

==Red pigments==

'''Arsenic pigments'''

*[[Realgar]]: As4S4 - a highly toxic natural pigment.

'''Cadmium pigments'''

*[[Cadmium red]] (PR108): cadmium sulfo-selenide (Cd2SSe).

'''Cerium pigments'''

*[[Cerium(III) sulfide|Cerium sulfide red]] (PR265).

'''Iron oxide pigments'''

*[[Sanguine]], [[Caput mortuum (pigment)|Caput mortuum]], [[Indian red (color)|Indian red]], [[Venetian red]], oxide red (PR102).
*[[Red ochre]] ({{not a typo|PR102}}): anhydrous Fe2O3.
*[[Burnt sienna]] ({{not a typo|PBr7}}): a pigment produced by heating raw sienna.

'''Lead pigments'''

*[[Minium (pigment)]]: also known as [[red lead]], lead tetroxide, Pb3O4.

'''Mercury pigments'''

*[[Vermilion]] or [[cinnabar]] ({{not a typo|PR106}}): HgS.

==Brown pigments==

'''Clay earth pigments (naturally formed iron oxides)'''

*[[Raw umber]] ({{not a typo|PBr7}}): a natural clay pigment consisting of iron oxide, manganese oxide and aluminum oxide: Fe2O3 + MnO2 + {{mvar|n}}H2O + SiO2 + Al2O3. When calcined (heated) it is referred to as burnt umber and has more intense colors.
*[[Sienna#Raw Sienna|Raw sienna]] ({{not a typo|PBr7}}): a naturally occurring yellow-brown pigment from limonite clay. Used in art since [[prehistoric]] times.

==Black pigments==

'''Carbonaceous pigments'''
*[[Aniline black]] ({{not a typo|PBk1}}).
*[[Lamp black]] ({{not a typo|PBk6}}).
*[[Carbon black]] ({{not a typo|PBk7}}).
*[[Vine black]] ({{not a typo|PBk8}}).
*[[Ivory black]] ({{not a typo|PBk9}}).

'''Iron pigments'''
*[[Mars Black PBk11 (pigment)|Mars black]] or Iron black ({{not a typo|PBk11}}) (C.I. No.77499) Synthetic [[magnetite]] Fe3O4.
'''Manganese pigments'''
*[[Manganese dioxide]] (PBk14): blackish or brown in color, used since prehistoric times (MnO2).
*[[Iron manganese oxide]] (PBk33, (Fe,Mn)2O3).
'''Titanium pigments'''
*[[Titanium(III) oxide|Titanium black]]: Titanium(III) oxide (Ti2O3).

'''Others'''
*slate PBk19
*spinel PBk26 (Fe,Mn)₂O₄
*spinel PBk28
*spinel PBk30
*perylene PBk31

==White pigments==
'''Antimony pigment'''
*[[Antimony white]]: [[antimony(III) oxide]] (Sb2O3).
'''Barium pigments'''
*[[Barium sulfate]] ({{not a typo|PW5}} or [[baryte]]): [[barium sulfate]] (BaSO4).
*[[Lithopone]]: BaSO4•ZnS.
'''Lead pigment'''
*[[White lead|Cremnitz white]] ({{not a typo|PW1}}): basic [[lead(II) carbonate]] ({{chem2|(PbCO3)2*Pb(OH)2}}).
'''Titanium pigment'''
*[[Titanium white]] ({{not a typo|PW6}}): [[titanium(IV) oxide]] (TiO2).
'''Zinc pigments'''
*[[Zinc white]] ({{not a typo|PW4}}): [[zinc oxide]] (ZnO).
*Sachtolith: [[zinc sulfide]] (ZnS).

==Fluorescent pigments==
{{Main|uranium glass}}
*[[uranate|Uranium]] salts.

==Safety==
A number of pigments, especially traditional ones, contain heavy metals such as lead, mercury, and cadmium that are highly toxic. The use of these pigments is now highly restricted in many countries.<ref name=Ullmann/>

==See also==
* [[List of dyes]]
* [[Blue pigments]]
* [[Green pigments]]
* [[Red pigments]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Mineral Paints|short=x}}

[[Category:Inorganic pigments| ]]
[[Category:Pigments| ]]
[[Category:Lists of chemical compounds|Inorganic pigments]]

List of inorganic pigments - Revision history

imported>ReddishClover: /* Yellow pigments */