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This article provides non-exhaustive lists of [[Java SE]] '''[[Java virtual machine]]s''' (JVMs). It does not include every [[Java ME]] vendor. Note that [[Jakarta EE]] runs on the standard Java SE JVM but that some vendors specialize in providing a modified JVM optimized for enterprise applications. Much Java development work takes place on [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]], [[Oracle Solaris|Solaris]], [[Linux]], and [[FreeBSD]], primarily with the [[Oracle Corporation|Oracle]] JVMs. Note the further complication of different [[32-bit computing|32-bit]]/[[64-bit]] varieties.

The primary Java VM reference implementation is the [[OpenJDK]] [[HotSpot (virtual machine)|HotSpot]], produced by [[Oracle Corporation]] and many other big and medium-sized companies (e.g. [[IBM]], [[Red Hat|Redhat]], [[Microsoft]], [[Azul Systems|Azul]], [[SAP]]).

== Free and open source implementations ==
=== Active ===
* [[Codename One]] – uses the open source ParparVM
* [[GraalVM]] – is based on HotSpot/OpenJDK, it has a polyglot feature, to transparently mix and match supported languages.
* [[HotSpot (virtual machine)|HotSpot]] – the open-source Java VM implementation by Oracle.
* [[IKVM]] – Java for [[Mono (software)|Mono]] and the Microsoft .NET Framework. Uses [[OpenJDK]]. [[Zlib License]].
* [[Jikes RVM]] (Jikes Research Virtual Machine) – research project. [[PowerPC|PPC]] and [[IA-32]]. Supports Apache Harmony and GNU Classpath libraries. [[Eclipse Public License]].
* [[leJOS]] – Robotics suite, a firmware replacement for [[Lego Mindstorms]] programmable bricks, provides a Java programming environment for the Lego Mindstorms RCX and NXT robots.
* [[OpenJ9]] – open-source from IBM J9, for AIX, Linux (x86, Power, and Z), macOS, Windows, MVS, OS/400, Pocket PC, z/OS.
* [[Maxine Virtual Machine|Maxine]] – meta-circular open source research VM from Oracle Labs and the University of Manchester.

=== Inactive ===
* [[Apache Harmony]] – supports several architectures and systems. Discontinued November 2011. [[Apache License]] 2.0.
* GCJ the [[GNU Compiler Collection|GCC]] Java compiler, that compiles either to bytecode or to native machine code. As of GCC 7, gcj and associated libjava runtime library have been removed from GCC.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/GCJ|title=GCJ - GCC Wiki|website=gcc.gnu.org}}</ref>
* [[JamVM]] – developed to be an extremely small virtual machine. Uses GNU Classpath and [[OpenJDK]]. Supports several architectures. GPL. Last update 2014.
* [[Java optimized processor|JOP]] – hardware implementation of the JVM. GPL 3.
* [[Juice (JVM)|Juice]] – [[JavaME]] experimental [[Java virtual machine|JVM]] developed to run on the NUXI operating system.
* [[Jupiter JVM|Jupiter]] – uses [[Boehm garbage collector]] and GNU Classpath. GPL. Unmaintained.
* [[Kaffe]] – uses GNU Classpath. GPL. 1.1.9 released on February 26, 2008.
* [[Mika VM]] – intended for use in embedded devices. Cross-platform. [[BSD-style licence]].
* [[NanoVM]] – developed to run on the [[Atmel AVR]] ATmega8 used in the Asuro Robot, can be ported to other AVR-based systems.
* [[SableVM]] – first free software JVM to support [[Java Platform Debugger Architecture|<span title="Java Virtual Machine Debugging Interface" style="border-bottom:dotted 1px black">JVMDI</span> and <span title="Java Debug Wire Protocol" style="border-bottom:dotted 1px black">JDWP</span>]]. Makes use of GNU Classpath. LGPL. Version 1.13 released on March 30, 2007.
* [[Squawk virtual machine]] – a [[Java ME]] VM for embedded systems and small devices. Cross-Platform. GPL.
* [[SuperWaba]] – Java-like virtual machine for portable devices. GPL. Discontinued, succeeded by TotalCross.
* [[TakaTuka]] – for [[wireless sensor network]] devices. GPL.
* [[TinyVM]].
* VMKit of [[LLVM]].
* [[Wonka VM]] – developed to run on Acunia's ARM-based hardware. Some code drawn from GNU Classpath. [[BSD-style licence]]. No longer under active development, superseded by [[Mika VM]].

=== Java operating systems ===
Some JVM's are intended to run without an underlying OS.

* [[JX (operating system)|JX]] – Java operating system that focuses on a flexible and robust operating system architecture developed as an open source system by the University of Erlangen. GPL. Version 0.1.1 released on October 10, 2007
* [[JavaOS]] – Original project from Sun Microsystems

== Proprietary implementations ==
=== Active ===
* [[Azul Systems|Azul Platform Prime]] – a fully compliant, high-performance Java virtual machine based on OpenJDK that uses [[Azul Systems]]'s C4 garbage collector and Falcon JIT compiler.
* [[JamaicaVM]] (aicas) – a hard real-time Java VM for embedded systems.

=== Inactive ===
* [[Excelsior JET]] – a licensed Java SE implementation with [[Ahead-of-time compilation|AOT compiler]] for Windows, OS X, and Linux on [[X86|Intel x86]] and Linux on 32-bit [[ARM architecture|ARM]].
* [[Jinitiator]] – developed by Oracle before they purchased Sun. Designed to improve support for [[Oracle Forms]] in web sites.
* [[JRockit]] (originally from [[Appeal Virtual Machines]]) – acquired by Oracle for Linux, Windows and Solaris.
* [[Mac OS Runtime for Java]] (MRJ).
* [[Microsoft Java Virtual Machine]] – discontinued in 2001.

=== Lesser-known proprietary Java virtual machines ===
* [[Blackdown Java]] was a licensed port to Linux of the reference SunSoft implementation. It was discontinued in 2007, after [[OpenJDK]] became available.
* Sun CVM – CVM originally standing for "Compact Java Virtual Machine".
* [[Gemstone Database Management System|Gemstone]] – modified for Java EE features (application DBMS).
* [[Intent (software)#Intent|Intent]] (Tao Group).
* [[PreonVM]] – a Java VM for embedded systems and small and resource constrained devices.

== See also ==
{{Portal|Computer programming}}
* [[Comparison of Java virtual machines]]
* [[Free Java implementations]]
* [[Java processor]]
* [[Dalvik virtual machine]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://java-virtual-machine.net/other.html List of Java virtual machines (JVMs), Java development kits (JDKs), Java runtime environments (JREs)]

{{Java Virtual Machine}}

[[Category:Java platform software]]
[[Category:Java virtual machine|Java virtual machine]]
[[Category:Lists of software|Java virtual machines]]

List of Java virtual machines - Revision history

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