Lina Wertmüller - Revision history

imported>JJMC89 bot III: Removing :Category:People of Lucanian descent per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2025 December 6#People by regional Italian descent

2025-12-26T07:35:28Z

Removing Category:People of Lucanian descent per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2025 December 6#People by regional Italian descent

← Previous revision		Revision as of 07:35, 26 December 2025
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	\| caption = Wertmüller in 2000		\| caption = Wertmüller in 2000
	\| birth_date = {{Birth date\|1928\|08\|14\|df=yes}}		\| birth_date = {{Birth date\|1928\|08\|14\|df=yes}}
	\| birth_place = [[Rome]], [[Kingdom of ~~Italy\|~~Italy]]		\| birth_place = [[Rome]], [[Kingdom of Italy]]
	\| death_date = {{Death date and age\|2021\|12\|09\|1928\|08\|14\|df=yes}}		\| death_date = {{Death date and age\|2021\|12\|09\|1928\|08\|14\|df=yes}}
	\| death_place = Rome, Italy		\| death_place = Rome, Italy
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	'''Arcangela Felice Assunta''' "'''Lina'''" '''Wertmüller ''' {{post-nominal styles\|post-noms=[[OMRI]]}} ({{IPA\|it\|ˈliːna vertˈmyller\|lang\|Lina-wertmueller-by-camelia-boban-2024-02.ogg}}; 14 August 1928 – 9 December 2021) was an Italian [[film director]] and [[screenwriter]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web \|title=Lina WERTMÜLLER \|url=https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/p/lina-wertmuller/ \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410053101/https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/p/lina-wertmuller/ \|archive-date=April 10, 2023 \|access-date=2023-04-10 \|website=Festival de Cannes \|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news \|last=Armitstead \|first=Claire \|date=2019-03-07 \|title=Ninety and out to shock: meet the first ever Oscar nominated female director \|language=en-GB \|work=The Guardian \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/mar/07/lina-wertmuller-90-oscar-italian-director-fascism-crime-sexual-violence \|access-date=2023-04-09 \|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|last=Galloway \|first=Stephen \|date=2019-10-25 \|title=History-Making Director Lina Wertmüller on Working With Fellini \|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/history-making-director-lina-wertm-ller-working-fellini-1247361/ \|access-date=2023-04-09 \|website=The Hollywood Reporter \|language=en-US}}</ref> She is best known for her 1970s [[art film\|art house]] films ''[[Seven Beauties]]'',<ref>{{Cite news \|last=CanBY \|first=Vincent \|date=1976-01-22 \|title='Seven Beauties, 'Wertmuller's Finest \|language=en-US \|work=The New York Times \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/01/22/archives/seven-beauties-wertmullers-finest.html \|access-date=2023-04-09 \|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>''<ref name=":0">{{Cite news \|last=Eder \|first=Richard \|date=1976-01-23 \|title=Lina Wertmuller, Torrent of Paradox \|language=en-US \|work=The New York Times \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/01/23/archives/lina-wertmuller-torrent-of-paradox.html \|access-date=2023-04-09 \|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>'' ''[[The Seduction of Mimi]]'',<ref name=":1">{{Cite magazine \|last=Cocks \|first=Jay \|date=1974-07-22 \|title=Cinema: Sexual Politics \|language=en-US \|magazine=Time \|url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,942947,00.html \|access-date=2023-04-09 \|issn=0040-781X}}</ref> ''[[Love and Anarchy]]'', and ''[[Swept Away (1974 film)\|Swept Away]]''.		'''Arcangela Felice Assunta''' "'''Lina'''" '''Wertmüller ''' {{post-nominal styles\|post-noms=[[OMRI]]}} ({{IPA\|it\|ˈliːna vertˈmyller\|lang\|Lina-wertmueller-by-camelia-boban-2024-02.ogg}}; 14 August 1928 – 9 December 2021) was an Italian [[film director]] and [[screenwriter]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web \|title=Lina WERTMÜLLER \|url=https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/p/lina-wertmuller/ \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410053101/https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/p/lina-wertmuller/ \|archive-date=April 10, 2023 \|access-date=2023-04-10 \|website=Festival de Cannes \|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news \|last=Armitstead \|first=Claire \|date=2019-03-07 \|title=Ninety and out to shock: meet the first ever Oscar nominated female director \|language=en-GB \|work=The Guardian \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/mar/07/lina-wertmuller-90-oscar-italian-director-fascism-crime-sexual-violence \|access-date=2023-04-09 \|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|last=Galloway \|first=Stephen \|date=2019-10-25 \|title=History-Making Director Lina Wertmüller on Working With Fellini \|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/history-making-director-lina-wertm-ller-working-fellini-1247361/ \|access-date=2023-04-09 \|website=The Hollywood Reporter \|language=en-US}}</ref> She is best known for her 1970s [[art film\|art house]] films ''[[Seven Beauties]]'',<ref>{{Cite news \|last=CanBY \|first=Vincent \|date=1976-01-22 \|title='Seven Beauties, 'Wertmuller's Finest \|language=en-US \|work=The New York Times \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/01/22/archives/seven-beauties-wertmullers-finest.html \|access-date=2023-04-09 \|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>''<ref name=":0">{{Cite news \|last=Eder \|first=Richard \|date=1976-01-23 \|title=Lina Wertmuller, Torrent of Paradox \|language=en-US \|work=The New York Times \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/01/23/archives/lina-wertmuller-torrent-of-paradox.html \|access-date=2023-04-09 \|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>'' ''[[The Seduction of Mimi]]'',<ref name=":1">{{Cite magazine \|last=Cocks \|first=Jay \|date=1974-07-22 \|title=Cinema: Sexual Politics \|language=en-US \|magazine=Time \|url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,942947,00.html \|access-date=2023-04-09 \|issn=0040-781X}}</ref> ''[[Love and Anarchy]]'', and ''[[Swept Away (1974 film)\|Swept Away]]''.

	Wertmüller was the first female director to be nominated for the [[Academy Award for Best Director]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web \|title=Academy Awards Search {{!}} Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences \|url=https://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/search/getresults?query=%7B%22Nominee%22:%22Lina%20Wertm%C3%BCller%22,%22Sort%22:%221-Nominee-Alpha%22,%22AwardShowNumberFrom%22:0,%22AwardShowNumberTo%22:0,%22Search%22:30%7D \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409152619/https://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/search/getresults?query=%7B%22Nominee%22%3A%22Lina%20Wertm%C3%BCller%22%2C%22Sort%22%3A%221-Nominee-Alpha%22%2C%22AwardShowNumberFrom%22%3A0%2C%22AwardShowNumberTo%22%3A0%2C%22Search%22%3A30%7D \|archive-date=9 April 2023 \|access-date=2023-04-09 \|website=awardsdatabase.oscars.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite ~~web~~ \|title=~~A History of Female~~ Best Director ~~Nominees at the Academy Awards~~ \|url=https://people.com/~~movies/female~~-~~best~~-~~director~~-~~nominees~~-at-~~the~~-~~academy~~-~~awards/~~ \|access-date=~~2023-04-09 \|website=Peoplemag~~ \|~~language~~=en}}</ref> She won many awards, including an [[Academy Honorary Award]],<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite journal \|date=3 June 2019 \|title=Wertmuller to get career Oscar \|url=http://www.ansa.it/english/news/lifestyle/arts/2019/06/03/wertmuller-to-get-career-oscar_d4630af3-6999-46f4-ad50-ce596d93643c.html \|journal=ANSA English \|location=Rome}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|date=2019-10-25 \|title=Lina Wertmüller, first female directing nominee, will finally get her Oscar at 91 \|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/movies/story/2019-10-25/lina-wertmuller-honorary-oscar-governors-awards \|access-date=2023-04-09 \|website=Los Angeles Times \|language=en-US}}</ref> as well as a [[David di Donatello\|David di Donatello Career Achievement Award]],<ref name=":5">{{Cite web \|title=Accademia del Cinema Italiano - Premi David di Donatello \|url=https://www.daviddidonatello.it/motore-di-ricerca/cercavincitori2.php?idsoggetto=2309&vin=Wertm%C3%BCller \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410054932/https://www.daviddidonatello.it/motore-di-ricerca/cercavincitori2.php?idsoggetto=2309&vin=Wertm%C3%BCller \|archive-date=April 10, 2023 \|access-date=2023-04-10 \|website=www.daviddidonatello.it}}</ref> and was nominated for many others, including a [[Golden Globe Awards\|Golden Globe Award]],<ref name=":4">{{Cite web \|title=Seven Beauties \|url=https://www.goldenglobes.com/film/seven-beauties \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410052826/https://www.goldenglobes.com/film/seven-beauties \|archive-date=April 10, 2023 \|access-date=2023-04-10 \|website=Golden Globes}}</ref> two [[Academy Awards]],<ref name=":2" /> and two [[Palme d'Or]] awards.<ref name=":3" />		Wertmüller was the first female director to be nominated for the [[Academy Award for Best Director]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web \|title=Academy Awards Search {{!}} Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences \|url=https://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/search/getresults?query=%7B%22Nominee%22:%22Lina%20Wertm%C3%BCller%22,%22Sort%22:%221-Nominee-Alpha%22,%22AwardShowNumberFrom%22:0,%22AwardShowNumberTo%22:0,%22Search%22:30%7D \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409152619/https://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/search/getresults?query=%7B%22Nominee%22%3A%22Lina%20Wertm%C3%BCller%22%2C%22Sort%22%3A%221-Nominee-Alpha%22%2C%22AwardShowNumberFrom%22%3A0%2C%22AwardShowNumberTo%22%3A0%2C%22Search%22%3A30%7D \|archive-date=9 April 2023 \|access-date=2023-04-09 \|website=awardsdatabase.oscars.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine \|last=Hogan \|first=Kate \|date= \|title=See Every Woman Nominated for Best Director in Oscars History \|url=https://people.com/every-woman-nominated-for-oscars-best-director-8779093 \|access-date=23 October 2025 \|magazine=People}}</ref> She won many awards, including an [[Academy Honorary Award]],<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite journal \|date=3 June 2019 \|title=Wertmuller to get career Oscar \|url=http://www.ansa.it/english/news/lifestyle/arts/2019/06/03/wertmuller-to-get-career-oscar_d4630af3-6999-46f4-ad50-ce596d93643c.html \|journal=ANSA English \|location=Rome}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|date=2019-10-25 \|title=Lina Wertmüller, first female directing nominee, will finally get her Oscar at 91 \|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/movies/story/2019-10-25/lina-wertmuller-honorary-oscar-governors-awards \|access-date=2023-04-09 \|website=Los Angeles Times \|language=en-US}}</ref> as well as a [[David di Donatello\|David di Donatello Career Achievement Award]],<ref name=":5">{{Cite web \|title=Accademia del Cinema Italiano - Premi David di Donatello \|url=https://www.daviddidonatello.it/motore-di-ricerca/cercavincitori2.php?idsoggetto=2309&vin=Wertm%C3%BCller \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410054932/https://www.daviddidonatello.it/motore-di-ricerca/cercavincitori2.php?idsoggetto=2309&vin=Wertm%C3%BCller \|archive-date=April 10, 2023 \|access-date=2023-04-10 \|website=www.daviddidonatello.it}}</ref> and was nominated for many others, including a [[Golden Globe Awards\|Golden Globe Award]],<ref name=":4">{{Cite web \|title=Seven Beauties \|url=https://www.goldenglobes.com/film/seven-beauties \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410052826/https://www.goldenglobes.com/film/seven-beauties \|archive-date=April 10, 2023 \|access-date=2023-04-10 \|website=Golden Globes}}</ref> two [[Academy Awards]],<ref name=":2" /> and two [[Palme d'Or]] awards.<ref name=":3" />

	==Early life==		==Early life==
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	This is particularly evident in a film like ''[[The Seduction of Mimi]]''. This positions Mimi (played by Giannini) as an impossibly inept and simple man who fully embodies the notion of Italian [[machismo]], as he fumbles his way through a world that throws a variety of ideologies and economic positions at him, all of which he readily inhabits. Mimi is perpetually successful in his performance of these roles, despite the audience's awareness of their inauthenticity that results from a [[diegetic]] acknowledgement of Mimi's hapless ignorance. This element of critique in the film functions as one example of one of the most prevalent themes in Wertmüller's work, a desire to deconstruct and subvert the institutions and social ideologies of a capitalist modernity.<ref>Bullaro, Grace. ''Man in Disorder: the Cinema Of Lina Wertmüller in the 1970s''. Troubador Publishing. 2007.</ref> This socialist-inflected politicization of class and the institution are also extended to sexuality and gender. Most of her films deploy these elements in conjunction with her affection for the theatrical in such a way that creates a unique concoction that is undeniably within the generic confines of ''Commedia all’italiana''.{{fact\|date=June 2022}} According to [[Peter Bondanella]], "Wertmüller's work combined a concern with topical political issues and the conventions of traditional Italian grotesque comedy".{{sfn\|Bondanella\|1990\|p=354}}		This is particularly evident in a film like ''[[The Seduction of Mimi]]''. This positions Mimi (played by Giannini) as an impossibly inept and simple man who fully embodies the notion of Italian [[machismo]], as he fumbles his way through a world that throws a variety of ideologies and economic positions at him, all of which he readily inhabits. Mimi is perpetually successful in his performance of these roles, despite the audience's awareness of their inauthenticity that results from a [[diegetic]] acknowledgement of Mimi's hapless ignorance. This element of critique in the film functions as one example of one of the most prevalent themes in Wertmüller's work, a desire to deconstruct and subvert the institutions and social ideologies of a capitalist modernity.<ref>Bullaro, Grace. ''Man in Disorder: the Cinema Of Lina Wertmüller in the 1970s''. Troubador Publishing. 2007.</ref> This socialist-inflected politicization of class and the institution are also extended to sexuality and gender. Most of her films deploy these elements in conjunction with her affection for the theatrical in such a way that creates a unique concoction that is undeniably within the generic confines of ''Commedia all’italiana''.{{fact\|date=June 2022}} According to [[Peter Bondanella]], "Wertmüller's work combined a concern with topical political issues and the conventions of traditional Italian grotesque comedy".{{sfn\|Bondanella\|1990\|p=354}}

	Wertmüller is known for her whimsically [[prolix]] movie titles. For instance, the full title of ''Swept Away'' is ''Swept away by an unusual destiny in the blue sea of August''. These titles were invariably shortened for international release. She is entered in the ''[[Guinness Book of Records]]'' for the longest film title. The previously mentioned ''Blood Feud''<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/73881-longest-title-of-a-film \|title=Longest title for a film \|publisher=[[Guinness World Records]]}}</ref> has the full name of ''Un fatto di sangue nel comune di Siculiana fra due uomini per causa di una vedova. Si sospettano moventi politici. Amore-Morte-Shimmy. Lugano belle. Tarantelle. Tarallucci e vino'', which totals 179 characters.		Wertmüller is known for her whimsically [[prolix]] movie titles. For instance, the full title of ''Swept Away'' is ''Swept away by an unusual destiny in the blue sea of August''. These titles were invariably shortened for international release. She is entered in the ''[[Guinness Book of Records]]'' for the longest film title. The previously mentioned ''Blood Feud'' has the full name of ''Un fatto di sangue nel comune di Siculiana fra due uomini per causa di una vedova. Si sospettano moventi politici. Amore-Morte-Shimmy. Lugano belle. Tarantelle. Tarallucci e vino'', which totals 179 characters.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/73881-longest-title-of-a-film \|title=Longest title for a film \|publisher=[[Guinness World Records]]}}</ref>

	==Filmography==		==Filmography==
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	\|[[2004 in film\|2004]]		\|[[2004 in film\|2004]]
	\|''[[Too Much Romance... It's Time for Stuffed Peppers]]''		\|''[[Too Much Romance... It's Time for Stuffed Peppers]]''
			\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|}		\|}
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	[[Category:Italian Roman Catholics]]		[[Category:Italian Roman Catholics]]
	[[Category:Italian people of Swiss descent]]		[[Category:Italian people of Swiss descent]]
	~~[[Category:People of Lucanian descent]]~~
	[[Category:Italian screenwriters]]		[[Category:Italian screenwriters]]
	[[Category:Italian socialists]]		[[Category:Italian socialists]]

imported>Jhofferman: /* Later life */Comma

2025-06-13T19:59:00Z

Later life: Comma

← Previous revision		Revision as of 19:59, 13 June 2025
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	Wertmüller then signed a contract with [[Warner Bros.]] to make four films. The first was her first English-language film, ''[[A Night Full of Rain]]'', which was entered into the [[28th Berlin International Film Festival]] in 1978.{{cn\|date=December 2021}} The film was not a success and Warner canceled the contract.<ref name="Variety">{{cite news \|last=Chu \|first=Henry \|author-link=Henry Chu \|title=Lina Wertmüller on What Being the First Female Director Nominated for an Oscar Means to Her \|work=[[Variety (magazine)\|Variety]]		Wertmüller then signed a contract with [[Warner Bros.]] to make four films. The first was her first English-language film, ''[[A Night Full of Rain]]'', which was entered into the [[28th Berlin International Film Festival]] in 1978.{{cn\|date=December 2021}} The film was not a success and Warner canceled the contract.<ref name="Variety">{{cite news \|last=Chu \|first=Henry \|author-link=Henry Chu \|title=Lina Wertmüller on What Being the First Female Director Nominated for an Oscar Means to Her \|work=[[Variety (magazine)\|Variety]]
	\|date=February 2018 \|url=https://variety.com/2018/film/features/director-lina-wertmuller-oscar-1202710625/\|access-date=17 March 2019}}</ref> Wertmüller also had creative differences with the studio and wanted more creative freedom.<ref>“Lina Wertmüller Obituary.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 9 Dec. 2021, www.theguardian.com/film/2021/dec/09/lina-wertmuller-obituary. Accessed 13 Mar. 2024.</ref> In the same year, Wertmüller had another unsuccessful film [[Blood Feud (1978 film)\|''Blood Feud,'']] a [[mafia]] thriller starring Giannini, Marcello Mastroianni and [[Sophia Loren]].		\|date=February 2018 \|url=https://variety.com/2018/film/features/director-lina-wertmuller-oscar-1202710625/\|access-date=17 March 2019}}</ref> Wertmüller also had creative differences with the studio and wanted more creative freedom.<ref>“Lina Wertmüller Obituary.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 9 Dec. 2021, www.theguardian.com/film/2021/dec/09/lina-wertmuller-obituary. Accessed 13 Mar. 2024.</ref> In the same year, Wertmüller had another unsuccessful film, [[Blood Feud (1978 film)\|''Blood Feud,'']] a [[mafia]] thriller starring Giannini, Marcello Mastroianni and [[Sophia Loren]].

	=== 1980s & 1990s ===		=== 1980s & 1990s ===
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	== Later life ==		== Later life ==
	[[File:Lina Wertmüller.jpg\|thumb\|Wertmüller in 2011]]		[[File:Lina Wertmüller.jpg\|thumb\|Wertmüller in 2011]]
	Wertmüller was married to Enrico Job (died 4 March 2008), an art designer who worked on several of her pictures.<ref>{{cite news \| url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/dec/09/lina-wertmuller-obituary \| title=Lina Wertmüller obituary \| newspaper=The Guardian \| date=9 December 2021 \| last1=Bergan \| first1=Ronald }}</ref> They are survived by their daughter [[Maria Zulima]] (born 17 January 1991) who was an actress is a few of Wertmüller's films, including ''The Blue Collar Worker and the Hairdresser in a Whirl of Sex and Politics'' (1996), ''Ferdinando and Carolina'' (1999), ''Too Much Romance... It's Time for Stuffed Peppers'' (2004) and ''Mannaggia alla Miseria!'' (2009).<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0423350/?ref_=nmbio_ov \| title=Maria Zulima Job \| Actress \| website=[[IMDb]] }}</ref>		Wertmüller was married to Enrico Job (died 4 March 2008), an art designer who worked on several of her pictures.<ref>{{cite news \| url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/dec/09/lina-wertmuller-obituary \| title=Lina Wertmüller obituary \| newspaper=The Guardian \| date=9 December 2021 \| last1=Bergan \| first1=Ronald }}</ref> They are survived by their daughter [[Maria Zulima]] (born 17 January 1991), who was an actress in a few of Wertmüller's films, including ''The Blue Collar Worker and the Hairdresser in a Whirl of Sex and Politics'' (1996), ''Ferdinando and Carolina'' (1999), ''Too Much Romance... It's Time for Stuffed Peppers'' (2004) and ''Mannaggia alla Miseria!'' (2009).<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0423350/?ref_=nmbio_ov \| title=Maria Zulima Job \| Actress \| website=[[IMDb]] }}</ref>

	In 2015, Wertmüller was the subject of a [[biographical film]] directed by [[Valerio Ruiz]], ''Behind the White Glasses'', in which she reflects on her life's work.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Pingitore \|first=Silvia \|date=2020-06-22 \|title=Interview with Lina Wertmüller Academy Awards Honorary Oscar \|url=https://the-shortlisted.co.uk/lina-wertmuller-interview-oscar/ \|access-date=2023-06-22 \|website= \|language=en-GB}}</ref> Wertmüller continued to work as a theater director,<ref name="Variety" /> until her death at her home on 9 December 2021, at the age of 93.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.corriere.it/spettacoli/cinema-serie-tv/21_dicembre_09/morta-lina-wertmuller-grande-protagonista-cinema-italiano-aveva-93-anni-db0f6264-58da-11ec-95ed-0f7dcc6ae2dd.shtml\|title=È morta Lina Wertmüller, grande protagonista del cinema italiano: aveva 93 anni\|publisher=[[Corriere della Sera]]\|date=9 December 2021\|access-date=9 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/09/movies/lina-wertmuller-dead.html\|title = Lina Wertmüller, Italian Director of Provocative Films, Dies at 93\|last = Grimes\|first = William\|date = 9 December 2021\|accessdate = 9 December 2021\|work = [[The New York Times]]\|url-access = subscription}}</ref><ref name="WaPo" />		In 2015, Wertmüller was the subject of a [[biographical film]] directed by [[Valerio Ruiz]], ''Behind the White Glasses'', in which she reflects on her life's work.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Pingitore \|first=Silvia \|date=2020-06-22 \|title=Interview with Lina Wertmüller Academy Awards Honorary Oscar \|url=https://the-shortlisted.co.uk/lina-wertmuller-interview-oscar/ \|access-date=2023-06-22 \|website= \|language=en-GB}}</ref> Wertmüller continued to work as a theater director,<ref name="Variety" /> until her death at her home on 9 December 2021, at the age of 93.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.corriere.it/spettacoli/cinema-serie-tv/21_dicembre_09/morta-lina-wertmuller-grande-protagonista-cinema-italiano-aveva-93-anni-db0f6264-58da-11ec-95ed-0f7dcc6ae2dd.shtml\|title=È morta Lina Wertmüller, grande protagonista del cinema italiano: aveva 93 anni\|publisher=[[Corriere della Sera]]\|date=9 December 2021\|access-date=9 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/09/movies/lina-wertmuller-dead.html\|title = Lina Wertmüller, Italian Director of Provocative Films, Dies at 93\|last = Grimes\|first = William\|date = 9 December 2021\|accessdate = 9 December 2021\|work = [[The New York Times]]\|url-access = subscription}}</ref><ref name="WaPo" />

imported>Olbk: generic does not make sense here—the correct word seems to be general

2025-02-19T16:38:45Z

generic does not make sense here—the correct word seems to be general

New page

{{Short description|Italian director and screenwriter (1928–2021)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Lina Wertmüller
| honorific_suffix = [[OMRI]]
| image = Lina Wertmuller 2000.jpg
| alt = Wertmüller in 2000
| caption = Wertmüller in 2000
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1928|08|14|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Rome]], [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2021|12|09|1928|08|14|df=yes}}
| death_place = Rome, Italy
| occupation = Film director, screenwriter
| years_active = 1963–2021
| birth_name = Arcangela Felice Assunta Wertmüller
| spouse = {{marriage|Enrico Job|1965|2008|end = died}}
| children = 1
}}
'''Arcangela Felice Assunta''' "'''Lina'''" '''Wertmüller ''' {{post-nominal styles|post-noms=[[OMRI]]}} ({{IPA|it|ˈliːna vertˈmyller|lang|Lina-wertmueller-by-camelia-boban-2024-02.ogg}}; 14 August 1928 – 9 December 2021) was an Italian [[film director]] and [[screenwriter]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Lina WERTMÜLLER |url=https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/p/lina-wertmuller/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410053101/https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/p/lina-wertmuller/ |archive-date=April 10, 2023 |access-date=2023-04-10 |website=Festival de Cannes |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Armitstead |first=Claire |date=2019-03-07 |title=Ninety and out to shock: meet the first ever Oscar nominated female director |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/mar/07/lina-wertmuller-90-oscar-italian-director-fascism-crime-sexual-violence |access-date=2023-04-09 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Galloway |first=Stephen |date=2019-10-25 |title=History-Making Director Lina Wertmüller on Working With Fellini |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/history-making-director-lina-wertm-ller-working-fellini-1247361/ |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref> She is best known for her 1970s [[art film|art house]] films ''[[Seven Beauties]]'',<ref>{{Cite news |last=CanBY |first=Vincent |date=1976-01-22 |title='Seven Beauties, 'Wertmuller's Finest |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/01/22/archives/seven-beauties-wertmullers-finest.html |access-date=2023-04-09 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>''<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Eder |first=Richard |date=1976-01-23 |title=Lina Wertmuller, Torrent of Paradox |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/01/23/archives/lina-wertmuller-torrent-of-paradox.html |access-date=2023-04-09 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>'' ''[[The Seduction of Mimi]]'',<ref name=":1">{{Cite magazine |last=Cocks |first=Jay |date=1974-07-22 |title=Cinema: Sexual Politics |language=en-US |magazine=Time |url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,942947,00.html |access-date=2023-04-09 |issn=0040-781X}}</ref> ''[[Love and Anarchy]]'', and ''[[Swept Away (1974 film)|Swept Away]]''.

Wertmüller was the first female director to be nominated for the [[Academy Award for Best Director]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Academy Awards Search {{!}} Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences |url=https://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/search/getresults?query=%7B%22Nominee%22:%22Lina%20Wertm%C3%BCller%22,%22Sort%22:%221-Nominee-Alpha%22,%22AwardShowNumberFrom%22:0,%22AwardShowNumberTo%22:0,%22Search%22:30%7D |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409152619/https://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/search/getresults?query=%7B%22Nominee%22%3A%22Lina%20Wertm%C3%BCller%22%2C%22Sort%22%3A%221-Nominee-Alpha%22%2C%22AwardShowNumberFrom%22%3A0%2C%22AwardShowNumberTo%22%3A0%2C%22Search%22%3A30%7D |archive-date=9 April 2023 |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=awardsdatabase.oscars.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=A History of Female Best Director Nominees at the Academy Awards |url=https://people.com/movies/female-best-director-nominees-at-the-academy-awards/ |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=Peoplemag |language=en}}</ref> She won many awards, including an [[Academy Honorary Award]],<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite journal |date=3 June 2019 |title=Wertmuller to get career Oscar |url=http://www.ansa.it/english/news/lifestyle/arts/2019/06/03/wertmuller-to-get-career-oscar_d4630af3-6999-46f4-ad50-ce596d93643c.html |journal=ANSA English |location=Rome}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-25 |title=Lina Wertmüller, first female directing nominee, will finally get her Oscar at 91 |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/movies/story/2019-10-25/lina-wertmuller-honorary-oscar-governors-awards |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> as well as a [[David di Donatello|David di Donatello Career Achievement Award]],<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Accademia del Cinema Italiano - Premi David di Donatello |url=https://www.daviddidonatello.it/motore-di-ricerca/cercavincitori2.php?idsoggetto=2309&vin=Wertm%C3%BCller |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410054932/https://www.daviddidonatello.it/motore-di-ricerca/cercavincitori2.php?idsoggetto=2309&vin=Wertm%C3%BCller |archive-date=April 10, 2023 |access-date=2023-04-10 |website=www.daviddidonatello.it}}</ref> and was nominated for many others, including a [[Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globe Award]],<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Seven Beauties |url=https://www.goldenglobes.com/film/seven-beauties |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410052826/https://www.goldenglobes.com/film/seven-beauties |archive-date=April 10, 2023 |access-date=2023-04-10 |website=Golden Globes}}</ref> two [[Academy Awards]],<ref name=":2" /> and two [[Palme d'Or]] awards.<ref name=":3" />

==Early life==
Wertmüller was born Arcangela Felice Assunta Wertmüller in Rome, Lazio, in 1928,<ref>NOTE: Wertmüller's year of birth had been given as 1926 for many years. However, a majority of references now cite 1928, including [http://hcl.harvard.edu/hfa/films/2008mayjune/wurtmuller.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731181754/http://hcl.harvard.edu/hfa/films/2008mayjune/wurtmuller.html|date=2018-07-31}}, [http://www.britannica.com/biography/Lina-Wertmuller], [[iarchive:womenfilmdirecto0000fost/page/n416|]], [http://www.nndb.com/people/714/000116366], [https://web.archive.org/web/20151011014033/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/person/536831/Lina-Wertmuller/biography], and [http://www.videomaniaticos.com/comprar/ficha_actores.asp?id_personaje=203]<br />A few sources ([http://www.poemhunter.com/lina-wertmuller/biography], [http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Lina_Wertmuller.aspx]) continue to cite 1926.</ref><ref>Giorgio Dell'Arti, Massimo Parrini, Catalogo dei viventi 2009 - voce Wertmüller Lina, Venezia, Marsilio Editori, 2008; {{ISBN|978-88-317-9599-9}}.</ref> to Federico, a lawyer from [[Palazzo San Gervasio]], [[Basilicata]], belonging to a devoutly [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] family of distant Swiss descent, and to Maria Santamaria-Maurizio from Rome. Wertmüller depicted her childhood as a period of adventure, during which she was expelled from 15 different Catholic high schools. During this time, she was infatuated with [[Comic book|comic books]],<ref name="WaPo">{{cite news |last=Smith |first=Harrison |date=2021-12-09 |title=Lina Wertmüller, provocative Italian filmmaker and first woman nominated for directing Oscar, dies at 93 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/obituaries/2021/12/09/lina-wertmuller-dead/}}</ref> and described them as especially influential on her in her youth, particularly [[Alex Raymond]]'s character [[Flash Gordon]]. Wertmüller characterized the framing of Raymond's comics as "rather cinematic, more cinematic than most films",<ref name=Ruiz>''Behind The White Glasses'', Dir. Valerio Ruiz, Italy. 2015.</ref> an early indication of her inclination toward film. Wertmüller's desire to work in the film and theater industries took hold at a young age, as early on in life she developed an appreciation for the works of the Russian playwrights Pietro Sharoff, [[Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko]], and [[Konstantin Stanislavsky]],<ref name=Ruiz/> drawing her into the world of performing arts.

After graduating from [[Accademia Nazionale di Arte Drammatica Silvio D'Amico]] in 1951, Wertmüller produced [[avant-garde]] plays, traveling throughout Europe and working as a [[puppeteer]], [[Stage management|stage manager]], [[Scenic design|set designer]], [[publicist]], and scriptwriter for radio and television.<ref name="foster1995">{{Cite book|last=Foster|first=Gwendolyn Audrey|title=Women Film Directors: An International Bio-Critical Dictionary|year=1995|publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]]|isbn=0-313-28972-7|oclc=32129920|pages=[[iarchive:womenfilmdirecto0000fost/page/369/mode/1up|369–370]]}}</ref> She joined [[Maria Signorelli]]'s troupe in 1951.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Who's Who of Women in the Twentieth Century|publisher=Crescent Books|year=1995|isbn=0-517-12027-5|editor-last=Martin|editor-first=Jean|page=[[iarchive:whoswhoofwomenin0000unse/page/155/mode/1up|155]]|oclc=32528855}}</ref> These interests developed toward two general avenues; one being the musical comedy and the other being grave, contemporary Italian dramas like the works of Italian playwright and director [[Giorgio De Lullo]], whose work she described as "serious" and "politically conscious".<ref name="Ruiz" /> It is these two approaches that Wertmüller stated were at the core of her creative self, and always would be.<ref name="Ruiz" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Davis |first=Melton S. |date=1977-03-06 |title='I Get Along Well With Wild Personalities' |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/03/06/archives/i-get-along-well-with-wild-personalities-lina-wertmuller.html |access-date=2023-04-09 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

==Film career==

=== 1960s ===
After her years spent touring with an avant-garde puppet group, Wertmüller began to pursue a career in film. In the early 1960s, [[Flora Carabella]], a school friend, introduced Wertmüller to her husband, the actor [[Marcello Mastroianni]], who in turn introduced her to the film director [[Federico Fellini]], who became her mentor.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Peter|first=Bradshaw|date=2021-12-09|title=Lina Wertmüller: a thrilling live-wire who displayed a colossal black-comic daring|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/dec/09/lina-wertmuller-a-thrilling-live-wire-who-displayed-a-colossal-black-comic-daring|access-date=2021-12-10|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref>
[[File:Lina Wertmuller (2).jpg|thumb|260x260px|Wertmuller during the filming of ''[[The Lizards]]'' (1963)]]
Although ''[[The Lizards]]'', which was scored by [[Ennio Morricone]], was critically well received, it did not garner the level of attention her later works did.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/dec/09/lina-wertmuller-obituary | title=Lina Wertmüller obituary | newspaper=The Guardian | date=9 December 2021 | last1=Bergan | first1=Ronald }}</ref> Throughout the 1960s, Wertmüller produced a series of films that were well liked but that failed to garner international success. Of these, her first collaboration with [[Giancarlo Giannini]] occurred in 1966's musical comedy ''[[Rita the Mosquito]]''. Darragh O'Donoghue wrote in ''[[Cineaste (magazine)|Cineaste]]'' that generally "her early films comprise a fairly straight pastiche of [[Italian neorealism|neorealism]] and early Fellini (''The Lizards'', 1963), an episodic comedy, two musicals, and a [[Spaghetti Western]] (''[[The Belle Starr Story]]'', 1968, directed under the pseudonym Nathan Wich), works where knowledge of generic predecessors was essential".{{sfn|O'Donoghue|2018}}

=== 1970s ===
The 1970s saw the release of virtually all of Wertmüller's most influential and highly regarded films, many of which featured Giannini. According to Geoffrey Nowell-Smith's ''Companion to Italian Cinema'', 1972 "marked the beginning of Wertmüller's golden age".<ref name="nowellsmith1996">{{Cite book|last1=Nowell-Smith|first1=Geoffrey|title=The Companion to Italian Cinema|publisher=[[Cassell (publisher)|Cassell]]; [[British Film Institute]]|year=1996|isbn=0-304-34197-5|pages=[[iarchive:companiontoitali0000nowe/page/124/mode/1up|124–126]]|oclc=35683590}}</ref> Beginning in 1972 with ''[[The Seduction of Mimi]]'', and continuing until 1978 with ''[[Blood Feud (1978 film)|Blood Feud]]'', Wertmüller released seven films, many of which are considered masterpieces of [[Commedia all'italiana]]. It was during this time she saw critical and international success, gaining traction as a filmmaker outside of Italy and in the United States on a scale that many of her contemporaries were unable to attain.
[[File:Lina Wertmuller.jpg|left|thumb|Wertmüller in 1972, from the magazine ''[[Radiocorriere TV]]'']]
In 1975, the [[National Board of Review]] in the United States awarded ''[[Swept Away (1974 film)|Swept Away]]'' Top Foreign Film, and in 1976, Wertmüller became the first female director to be nominated for an Oscar, for ''[[Seven Beauties]]''. This film, which again features Giannini in the lead role, pushes Wertmüller's specific brand of [[Tragicomedy|tragic comedy]] to its limits, following a self-obsessed Casanova from a small Italian town who is sent to a German [[concentration camp]]. The film initially met with controversy due to Wertmüller's frankness in her rendering of the apparatuses of [[genocide]] as well as her perceived [[macabre]] insensitivity toward its survivors,{{Citation needed|date=December 2021}} but since has been accepted as her masterwork.{{Sfn|Bondanella|1990|p=354}}

Wertmüller then signed a contract with [[Warner Bros.]] to make four films. The first was her first English-language film, ''[[A Night Full of Rain]]'', which was entered into the [[28th Berlin International Film Festival]] in 1978.{{cn|date=December 2021}} The film was not a success and Warner canceled the contract.<ref name="Variety">{{cite news |last=Chu |first=Henry |author-link=Henry Chu |title=Lina Wertmüller on What Being the First Female Director Nominated for an Oscar Means to Her |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]
|date=February 2018 |url=https://variety.com/2018/film/features/director-lina-wertmuller-oscar-1202710625/|access-date=17 March 2019}}</ref> Wertmüller also had creative differences with the studio and wanted more creative freedom.<ref>“Lina Wertmüller Obituary.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 9 Dec. 2021, www.theguardian.com/film/2021/dec/09/lina-wertmuller-obituary. Accessed 13 Mar. 2024.</ref> In the same year, Wertmüller had another unsuccessful film [[Blood Feud (1978 film)|''Blood Feud,'']] a [[mafia]] thriller starring Giannini, Marcello Mastroianni and [[Sophia Loren]].

=== 1980s & 1990s ===
Wertmüller's 1983 film ''[[A Joke of Destiny]]'' was entered into the [[14th Moscow International Film Festival]] in 1985<ref name="Moscow1985">{{cite web|url=http://www.moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=1985 |title=14th Moscow International Film Festival (1985) |access-date=17 February 2013 |work=MIFF |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130316084353/http://moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=1985 |archive-date=16 March 2013 }}</ref> and ''[[Camorra (A Story of Streets, Women and Crime)]]'' was entered into the [[36th Berlin International Film Festival]] in 1986.<ref name="Berlinale">{{cite web|url=http://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/1986/02_programm_1986/02_Programm_1986.html|title=Berlinale: 1986 Programme|access-date=14 August 2015|work=berlinale.de}}</ref> In 1985, she received the [[Women in Film Los Angeles|Women in Film]] [[Women in Film Crystal + Lucy Awards#THE CRYSTAL AWARD|Crystal Award]] for outstanding women who have helped to expand the role of women within the entertainment industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wif.org/past-recipients |title=Past Recipients |author=bea_xx |access-date=26 October 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110630083646/http://wif.org/past-recipients |archive-date=30 June 2011 }}</ref>

After this period of acclaim, Wertmüller began to fade from international prominence, though she continued to release films well into the 1980s and '90s. Some of these films were sponsored by American financiers and studios, but failed to have the breadth of reach that her 1970s films achieved. These films are less widely seen and were neglected or disparaged by most, but ''[[Summer Night]]'' (1986) and [[Ferdinando and Carolina|''Ferdinando & Carolina'']] (1999) have since improved in reputation. [[Ciao, Professore!|''Ciao, Professore'']] (1992) is one of her few films of this period that was relatively well-received as the number 10 film in Italy that year.

== Later life ==
[[File:Lina Wertmüller.jpg|thumb|Wertmüller in 2011]]
Wertmüller was married to Enrico Job (died 4 March 2008), an art designer who worked on several of her pictures.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/dec/09/lina-wertmuller-obituary | title=Lina Wertmüller obituary | newspaper=The Guardian | date=9 December 2021 | last1=Bergan | first1=Ronald }}</ref> They are survived by their daughter [[Maria Zulima]] (born 17 January 1991) who was an actress is a few of Wertmüller's films, including ''The Blue Collar Worker and the Hairdresser in a Whirl of Sex and Politics'' (1996), ''Ferdinando and Carolina'' (1999), ''Too Much Romance... It's Time for Stuffed Peppers'' (2004) and ''Mannaggia alla Miseria!'' (2009).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0423350/?ref_=nmbio_ov | title=Maria Zulima Job | Actress | website=[[IMDb]] }}</ref>

In 2015, Wertmüller was the subject of a [[biographical film]] directed by [[Valerio Ruiz]], ''Behind the White Glasses'', in which she reflects on her life's work.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pingitore |first=Silvia |date=2020-06-22 |title=Interview with Lina Wertmüller Academy Awards Honorary Oscar |url=https://the-shortlisted.co.uk/lina-wertmuller-interview-oscar/ |access-date=2023-06-22 |website= |language=en-GB}}</ref> Wertmüller continued to work as a theater director,<ref name="Variety" /> until her death at her home on 9 December 2021, at the age of 93.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.corriere.it/spettacoli/cinema-serie-tv/21_dicembre_09/morta-lina-wertmuller-grande-protagonista-cinema-italiano-aveva-93-anni-db0f6264-58da-11ec-95ed-0f7dcc6ae2dd.shtml|title=È morta Lina Wertmüller, grande protagonista del cinema italiano: aveva 93 anni|publisher=[[Corriere della Sera]]|date=9 December 2021|access-date=9 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/09/movies/lina-wertmuller-dead.html|title = Lina Wertmüller, Italian Director of Provocative Films, Dies at 93|last = Grimes|first = William|date = 9 December 2021|accessdate = 9 December 2021|work = [[The New York Times]]|url-access = subscription}}</ref><ref name="WaPo" />

==Style and themes==
Fellini's influence is evident in much of Wertmüller's work. They share empathy with the Italian working class, showing the realities of life for the politically neglected and economically downtrodden, with a tendency toward the preposterous.{{sfn|Jacobs|Riley|1976}} Wertmüller's work also seems to exhibit adoration of Italy and its varied locales, beautifying elements of her film's locations with [[cinematography]] that presents its subjects with a colorful extravagance that idealizes the distinctly Italian settings of her films.{{sfn|Jacobs|Riley|1976}} Her aesthetic borrows heavily from her background in theater, routinely using the camera to emphasize performance and the grandiose comedy of her characters’ near constant emotional frenzy. Much of her work uses formal film tactics to dramatize the misapplication and destructive qualities that political ideology can have on individuals, [[Satire|satirizing]] common conceptions of revolution and the political status quo in the process.{{sfn|O'Donoghue|2018}}

Narrative and cinematic reflexivity are also commonplace in Wertmüller's films, as she rehashed and reconfigured signs and modes of presentation in a way that references her inspirations and her contemporaries.{{sfn|O'Donoghue|2018}} This is made clear through her disruption of traditional conceptions of virtually all political dogma and the irrationality of her characters, taking recognizable elements of society and film and critiquing them by doing away with narrative and/or character plausibility.{{sfn|O'Donoghue|2018}}

This is particularly evident in a film like ''[[The Seduction of Mimi]]''. This positions Mimi (played by Giannini) as an impossibly inept and simple man who fully embodies the notion of Italian [[machismo]], as he fumbles his way through a world that throws a variety of ideologies and economic positions at him, all of which he readily inhabits. Mimi is perpetually successful in his performance of these roles, despite the audience's awareness of their inauthenticity that results from a [[diegetic]] acknowledgement of Mimi's hapless ignorance. This element of critique in the film functions as one example of one of the most prevalent themes in Wertmüller's work, a desire to deconstruct and subvert the institutions and social ideologies of a capitalist modernity.<ref>Bullaro, Grace. ''Man in Disorder: the Cinema Of Lina Wertmüller in the 1970s''. Troubador Publishing. 2007.</ref> This socialist-inflected politicization of class and the institution are also extended to sexuality and gender. Most of her films deploy these elements in conjunction with her affection for the theatrical in such a way that creates a unique concoction that is undeniably within the generic confines of ''Commedia all’italiana''.{{fact|date=June 2022}} According to [[Peter Bondanella]], "Wertmüller's work combined a concern with topical political issues and the conventions of traditional Italian grotesque comedy".{{sfn|Bondanella|1990|p=354}}

Wertmüller is known for her whimsically [[prolix]] movie titles. For instance, the full title of ''Swept Away'' is ''Swept away by an unusual destiny in the blue sea of August''. These titles were invariably shortened for international release. She is entered in the ''[[Guinness Book of Records]]'' for the longest film title. The previously mentioned ''Blood Feud''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/73881-longest-title-of-a-film |title=Longest title for a film |publisher=[[Guinness World Records]]}}</ref> has the full name of ''Un fatto di sangue nel comune di Siculiana fra due uomini per causa di una vedova. Si sospettano moventi politici. Amore-Morte-Shimmy. Lugano belle. Tarantelle. Tarallucci e vino'', which totals 179 characters.

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
|-
|[[1963 in film|1963]]
|''[[The Lizards]]''
| rowspan="24" |Writer, Director
|<ref name="kaypeary1977">{{Cite book |title=Women and the Cinema: A Critical Anthology |publisher=Dutton |year=1977 |isbn=0-525-47459-5 |editor-last1=Kay |editor-first1=Karyn |pages=[[iarchive:womencinema00rein/page/446/mode/1up|446–447]] |oclc=3315936 |editor-last2=Peary |editor-first2=Gerald}}</ref>
|-
|[[1965 in film|1965]]
|''[[Let's Talk About Men]]''
|<ref name="kaypeary1977" />
|-
|[[1966 in film|1966]]
|''[[Rita the Mosquito]]''
|
|-
|[[1967 in film|1967]]
|''[[Don't Sting the Mosquito]]''
|<ref name="kaypeary1977" />
|-
|[[1968 in film|1968]]
|''[[The Belle Starr Story]]''
|
|-
|[[1972 in film|1972]]
|''[[The Seduction of Mimi]]''
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[1973 in film|1973]]
|''[[Love and Anarchy]]''
|<ref name="kaypeary1977" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Mark Chalon |date=1991-04-05 |title=MOVIE REVIEW : Hate Is Wrong Emotion for 'Love and Anarchy' |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-04-05-ca-1834-story.html |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|[[1974 in film|1974]]
|''[[All Screwed Up]]''
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Canby |first=Vincent |date=1976-01-15 |title=Lina Wertmuller's Comedy of Foibles |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/01/15/archives/lina-wertmullers-comedy-of-foibles.html |access-date=2023-04-09 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name="kaypeary1977" />
|-
|[[1974 in film|1974]]
|''[[Swept Away by an Unusual Destiny in the Blue Sea of August]]''
|<ref name="kaypeary1977" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Canby |first=Vincent |date=1975-09-18 |title='Swept Away' Is a Wertmuller Film With Solid Appeal |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/09/18/archives/swept-away-is-a-wertmuller-film-with-solid-appeal.html |access-date=2023-04-09 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
|-
|[[1975 in film|1975]]
|''[[Seven Beauties]]''
|<ref name=":0" /><ref name="kaypeary1977" />
|-
|[[1978 in film|1978]]
|''[[Blood Feud (1978 film)|Blood Feud]]''
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Maslin |first=Janet |date=1980-02-22 |title=Screen: 'Blood Feud' By Lina Wertmuller:Three Attitudes |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1980/02/22/archives/screen-blood-feud-by-lina-wertmullerthree-attitudes.html |access-date=2023-04-09 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
|-
|[[1978 in film|1978]]
|''[[The End of the World in Our Usual Bed in a Night Full of Rain]]''
|
|-
|[[1983 in film|1983]]
|''[[A Joke of Destiny, Lying in Wait Around the Corner Like a Bandit]]''
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Canby |first=Vincent |date=1984-09-12 |title=FILM: 'JOKE OF DESTIN,' DIRECTED BY WERTMULLER |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/09/12/movies/film-joke-of-destin-directed-by-wertmuller.html |access-date=2023-04-09 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
|-
|[[1984 in film|1984]]
|''[[Softly, Softly (film)|Softly, Softly]]''
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Maslin |first=Janet |date=1985-11-01 |title=SCREEN: TWOSOME IN 'SOTTO' |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/11/01/movies/screen-twosome-in-sotto.html |access-date=2023-04-09 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
|-
|[[1986 in film|1986]]
|''[[Summer Night, with Greek Profile, Almond Eyes and Scent of Basil]]''
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Canby |first=Vincent |date=1987-06-19 |title=FILM: WERTMULLER 'NIGHT' |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/06/19/movies/film-wertmuller-night.html |access-date=2023-04-09 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Thomas |first=Kevin |date=1987-06-26 |title=MOVIE REVIEW : 'SUMMER NIGHT': THE HEAT IS ON |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-06-26-ca-6614-story.html |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|[[1986 in film|1986]]
|''[[Camorra (A Story of Streets, Women and Crime)]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thomas |first=Kevin |date=1986-10-04 |title=MOVIE REVIEW : CHAOS REIGNS IN LINA'S 'CAMORRA' |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-10-04-ca-4314-story.html |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|[[1989 in film|1989]]
|''[[The Tenth One in Hiding]]''
|
|-
|[[1989 in film|1989]]
|''[[As Long as It's Love]]''
|
|-
|[[1990 in film|1990]]
|''[[:it:Sabato, domenica e lunedì (film 1990)|Saturday, Sunday and Monday]]''
|
|-
|[[1992 in film|1992]]
|''[[Ciao, Professore!]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rainer |first=Peter |date=1994-07-22 |title=MOVIE REVIEW : 'Ciao, Professore' Rounds Up Lessons |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-07-22-ca-18684-story.html |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|[[1996 in film|1996]]
|''[[The Blue Collar Worker and the Hairdresser in a Whirl of Sex and Politics]]''
|
|-
|[[1996 in film|1996]]
|''[[The Nymph]]''
|
|-
|[[1999 in film|1999]]
|''[[Ferdinando and Carolina]]''
|
|-
|[[2004 in film|2004]]
|''[[Too Much Romance... It's Time for Stuffed Peppers]]''
|-
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Title
!Result
!Notes
|-
|2019
|[[Academy Awards]]
|[[Academy Honorary Award]]
|
|{{Won}}
|<ref name=":2" />
|-
|2017
|[[Boston Society of Film Critics Awards]]
|Best Rediscoveries
|''[[Seven Beauties]]''
|{{Won}}
|
|-
|2010
|[[David di Donatello|David di Donatello Awards]]
|Career Achievement Award
|
|{{Won}}
|<ref name=":5" />
|-
|2009
|Golden Globes Italy
|Career Achievement Award
|
|{{Won}}
|
|-
|2008
|[[Flaiano International Prizes]]
|Career Achievement Award
|
|{{Won}}
|
|-
|1986
|[[Berlin International Film Festival]]
|Otto Dibelius Film Award
|''[[Camorra (A Story of Streets, Women and Crime)]]''
|{{Won}}
|
|-
|1985
|[[Crystal Awards]]
|
|
|{{Won}}
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |1977
|[[Golden Globe Awards]]
|[[Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film]]
| rowspan="4" |''[[Seven Beauties]]''
|{{Nom}}
|<ref name=":4" />
|-
|[[Directors Guild of America Awards]]
|Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures
|{{Nom}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Academy Awards]]
|[[Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay|Best Original Screenplay]]
|{{Nom}}
|<ref name=":2" />
|-
|[[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
|{{Nom}}
|<ref name=":2" />
|-
| rowspan="2" |1975
|Tehran International Film Festival
|Golden Ibex
| rowspan="2" |''[[Swept Away (1974 film)|Swept Away]]''
|{{Won}}
|
|-
|[[National Board of Review]]
|Top Foreign Film
|{{Won}}
|
|-
|1973
|[[Cannes Film Festival]]
|[[Palme d'Or]]
|''[[Love and Anarchy]]''
|{{Nom}}
|<ref name=":3" />
|-
|1972
|[[Cannes Film Festival]]
|[[Palme d'Or]]
|''[[The Seduction of Mimi]]''
|{{Nom}}
|<ref name=":3" />
|-
|1964
|Golden Goblets Italy
|Plate
| rowspan="2" |''[[The Lizards]]''
|{{Won}}
|
|-
|1963
|[[Locarno International Film Festival]]
|Silver Sail for Direction
|{{Won}}
|
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Sources ==
* {{Cite journal|last=Biskind|first=Peter|author-link=Peter Biskind|date=December 1974|title=Lina Wertmuller: The Politics of Private Life|journal=[[Film Quarterly]]|volume=28|issue=2|pages=10–16|doi=10.2307/1211628|jstor=1211628}}
* Bullaro, Grace Russo. ''Man in Disorder - The Cinema of Lina Wertmüller in the 1970s'' {{ISBN|978-1-905886-39-5}}
* Déléas, Josette. ''Lina Wertmüller - Un rire noir chaussé de lunettes blanches'' - a critical biography filled with anecdotes and Lina's humor {{ISBN|978-1-4251-2755-8}}
* William R. Magretta and Joan Magretta. "Lina Wertmuller and the Tradition of Italian Carnivalesque Comedy" in ''Genre'' 12, pp. 25–43. (1979)
* Tiziana Masucci. ''I chiari di Lina'' (Edizioni Sabinae, Roma 2009){{ISBN|978-88-96105-22-1}}
* {{cite journal|last=O'Donoghue|first=Darragh|title=Laughter in the Dark: The Black Comedy of Lina Wertmüller|journal=[[Cineaste (magazine)|Cineaste]]|volume=43|issue=4|date=2018|pages=15–21, 78|id={{ProQuest|2093229170}}}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Jacobs|first1=Diane|last2=Riley|first2=Brooks|title=Lina Wertmüller|journal=[[Film Comment]]|volume=12|issue=2|date=1976|pages=48–51, 64|id={{ProQuest|210265585}}}}
* ''Behind The White Glasses'', Dir. Valerio Ruiz, Italy, 2015.
* {{Cite book|last=Bondanella|first=Peter|url=https://archive.org/details/italiancinemafro00bond|title=Italian Cinema : From Neorealism to the Present|publisher=Continuum|year=1990|isbn=0-8264-0426-X|oclc=20911414|url-access=registration}}

==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
* {{IMDb name}}

{{Lina Wertmüller}}
{{Academy Honorary Award}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wertmuller, Lina}}
[[Category:1928 births]]
[[Category:2021 deaths]]
[[Category:Academy Honorary Award recipients]]
[[Category:Accademia Nazionale di Arte Drammatica Silvio D'Amico alumni]]
[[Category:David di Donatello Career Award winners]]
[[Category:Film directors from Rome]]
[[Category:Italian Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Italian people of Swiss descent]]
[[Category:People of Lucanian descent]]
[[Category:Italian screenwriters]]
[[Category:Italian socialists]]
[[Category:Italian women film directors]]
[[Category:Italian women screenwriters]]
[[Category:Burials at Campo Verano]]