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{{short description|Species of bird}}
{{Use American English|date=October 2022}}

{{Speciesbox
| name = Lesser swallow-tailed swift
| image = Panyptila cayennensis -NW Ecuador-4.jpg
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2020 |title=Lesser Swallow-tailed Swift ''Panyptila cayennensis'' |volume=2020 |page=e.T22686759A168014391 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22686759A168014391.en |access-date=8 October 2022}}</ref>
| genus = Panyptila
| species = cayennensis
| authority = ([[Johann Friedrich Gmelin|Gmelin, JF]], 1789)
| range_map = Panyptila cayennensis map.svg
}}

The '''lesser swallow-tailed swift''' or '''Cayenne swift''' ('''''Panyptila cayennensis''''') is a species of bird in subfamily [[Apodinae]] of the swift family [[Apodidae]]. It is found from southern Mexico through Central America; in every mainland South America country except Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay; and on [[Trinidad]].<ref name=IOC12.2>{{cite web |url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/bow/swifts/ |title=Owlet-nightjars, treeswifts, swifts |website=IOC World Bird List |version =v 12.2 |editor-last1=Gill |editor-first1= F. |editor-last2=Donsker|editor-first2=D.|editor-last3=Rasmussen |editor-first3=P. |date=August 2022 |access-date=August 9, 2022 }}</ref><ref name=HBW2021>HBW and BirdLife International (2021) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 6. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v6_Dec21.zip retrieved August 7, 2022</ref><ref name=SACCcountries>Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 July 2022. Species Lists of Birds for South American Countries and Territories. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCCountryLists.htm retrieved July 24, 2022</ref>

==Taxonomy and systematics==

The lesser swallow-tailed swift was [[Species description|formally described]] in 1789 by the German naturalist [[Johann Friedrich Gmelin]] in his revised and expanded edition of [[Carl Linnaeus]]'s ''[[Systema Naturae]]''. He placed it with all the swallows and swifts in the [[genus]] ''[[Hirundo]]'' and coined the [[binomial nomenclature|binomial name]] ''Hirundo cayennensis''.<ref>{{ cite book | last=Gmelin | first=Johann Friedrich | author-link=Johann Friedrich Gmelin| year=1789 | title=Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | edition=13th | volume=1, Part 2 | language=Latin | location=Lipsiae [Leipzig] | publisher=Georg. Emanuel. Beer | page=1024 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2656519 }}</ref> Gmelin based his description on the "Martinet à collier blanc" that had been described in 1779 by the French polymath [[Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon]] from a specimen collected in [[Cayenne]], French Guiana.<ref>{{ cite book | last=Buffon | first=Georges-Louis Leclerc de | author-link=Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon | year=1779 | title=Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux | volume=6 | location=Paris | publisher=De l'Imprimerie Royale | page=671 | chapter=Martinet à collier blanc | language=French | chapter-url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1069718q/f749.item }}</ref> A hand-colored illustration of the bird was also published.<ref>{{ cite book | last1=Buffon | first1=Georges-Louis Leclerc de | author1-link=Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon | last2=Martinet | first2=François-Nicolas | author2-link=François-Nicolas Martinet | last3=Daubenton | first3=Edme-Louis | author3-link=Edme-Louis Daubenton | last4=Daubenton | first4=Louis-Jean-Marie | author4-link=Louis-Jean-Marie Daubenton | year=1765–1783 | chapter=Martinet à collier, de Cayenne | title=Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle | volume=8 | location=Paris | publisher=De L'Imprimerie Royale | at=Plate 725 fig. 2 | chapter-url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35218345 }}</ref> The lesser swallow-tailed swift is now placed with the [[great swallow-tailed swift]] in the genus ''[[Panyptila]]'' that was introduced in 1847 by the German ornithologist [[Jean Cabanis]].<ref>{{ cite journal | last=Cabanis | first=Jean | author-link=Jean Cabanis | year=1847 | title=Ornithologische Notizen | language=German | journal=Archiv für Naturgeschichte | volume=13 | page=186–256; 308–352 [345] | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7251329 }}</ref><ref name=IOC12.2/> The genus name combines the [[Ancient Greek]] ''panu'' meaning "very" or "exceedingly" with ''ptilon'' meaning "wing". The specific epithet ''cayennensis'' is from Cayenne, the [[type locality (biology)|type locality]].<ref>{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 | pages=[https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n291/mode/1up 291], [https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n95/mode/1up 95]}}</ref>

According to the [[International Ornithological Committee]] (IOC) the species is [[monotypic]]: no [[subspecies]] are recognized.<ref name=IOC12.2/> However, the [[Clements taxonomy]] and [[BirdLife International]]'s ''[[Handbook of the Birds of the World]]'' assign two subspecies, the [[Nominate subspecies|nominate]] ''P. c. cayennensis'' and ''P. c. veraecrucis''.<ref name=Clements>Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2021. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2021. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ Retrieved August 25, 2021</ref><ref name=HBW2021/> This article follows the IOC model.

==Description==

The lesser swallow-tailed swift is a slender species, {{cvt|12.7|–|13|cm}} long, and weighing about {{cvt|18|g}}. It has long narrow wings and a long forked tail, which is usually held tightly closed. It is mainly black with a white throat and upper breast and squarish white patches on the rear flanks. The sexes are similar.

==Distribution and habitat==

The lesser swallow-tailed swift is found from eastern Mexico's [[Veracruz]] state south through every country of Central America into Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador. It is also found throughout the entire [[Amazon Basin]], in a narrow strip along Brazil's southeastern coast, and on Trinidad. It inhabits the edges and clearing of lowland tropical [[evergreen forest]] and [[secondary forest]], cultivated areas, river corridors, and human-populated areas. In elevation it reaches {{convert|1500|m|ft|abbr=on}} in Guatemala and Ecuador though it typically is found lower.<ref name=IOC12.2/><ref name=LSTS-BOW>Chantler, P., A. Bonan, E. de Juana, and P. F. D. Boesman (2020). Lesser Swallow-tailed Swift (''Panyptila cayennensis''), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.lstswi1.01 retrieved October 8, 2022</ref>

==Behavior==
===Movement and flight===

The lesser swallow-tailed swift is a year-round resident throughout its range.<ref name=LSTS-BOW/>
Its flight is very fast and fluttery and often very high in the air.<ref>{{cite book | last =Ridgely | first =Robert S. | last2 =Greenfield | first2 =Paul J. | title =The Birds of Ecuador: Field Guide | publisher =Cornell University Press | volume = II| date =2001 | location =Ithaca | pages =241 | isbn =978-0-8014-8721-7 }}</ref>

===Feeding===

Like all swifts, the lesser swallow-tailed swift is an aerial insectivore. Though its diet has not been detailed, in a study in Venezuela it fed mainly on [[Diptera]] with smaller numbers of [[Homoptera]] and [[Hymenoptera]] and very small numbers from other orders. It is less gregarious than other swifts and is usually seen as individuals or pairs. If other swift species are present it will normally feed above them, although it stays below ''Cypseloides'' species such as [[chestnut-collared swift]].<ref name=LSTS-BOW/>

===Breeding===

The lesser swallow-tailed swift's breeding season varies geographically, with nesting generally in the local spring and summer. The nest is tubular, wider at the top, and with the entrance at its base. It is made of plant material felted with saliva and attached to a branch or a vertical surface. In the latter case, the entire length is fixed to the wall or trunk. Nests have been found under bridges, on the walls of occupied buildings and inside abandoned ones, and on large trees. Two or three white eggs are laid on a shelf in the upper part of the nest and incubated by both parents.<ref name=LSTS-BOW/>

{{birdsong|url=https://xeno-canto.org/species/Panyptila-cayennensis |species=lesser swallow-tailed swift}}
===Vocalization===

The lesser swallow-tailed swift's usual calls are "a reedy or wheezy phrase of fast twittering notes...'pzeee-pzi-titititititi-ti-ti-pzeee!'" and "a repeated drawn-out single 'pzeeeh'".<ref name=LSTS-BOW/> It often flies so high that the calls cannot be heard.<ref name=vanPerlo>{{cite book | last =van Perlo | first = Ber| title =A Field Guide to the Birds of Brazil | publisher =Oxford University Press | date =2009 | location =New York | pages =154 | isbn =978-0-19-530155-7 }}</ref>

==Status==

The [[IUCN]] has assessed the lesser swallow-tailed swift as being of Least Concern. It has an extremely large range and an estimated population of at least 500,000 mature individuals. The population is believed to be slowly decreasing and no immediate threats have been identified.<ref name=IUCN/> In various parts of its range it is considered uncommon to locally fairly common, and is "[u]sually encountered in small numbers only".<ref name=LSTS-BOW/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.avesphoto.com/website/pictures/SWFLSW-1.jpg Lesser swallow-tailed swift photo]
*[http://vireo.acnatsci.org/search.html?Form=Search&SEARCHBY=Common&KEYWORDS=lesser+swallow-tailed+swift&showwhat=images&AGE=All&SEX=All&ACT=All&Search=Search&VIEW=All&ORIENTATION=All&RESULTS=24 Lesser swallow-tailed swift photo gallery] VIREO

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1262293}}

[[Category:Panyptila|lesser swallow-tailed swift]]
[[Category:Birds of Mexico]]
[[Category:Birds of Central America]]
[[Category:Birds of Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena]]
[[Category:Birds of Venezuela]]
[[Category:Birds of the Guiana Shield]]
[[Category:Birds of the Amazon rainforest]]
[[Category:Birds of Trinidad and Tobago]]
[[Category:Birds of the Atlantic Forest]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1789|lesser swallow-tailed swift]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Johann Friedrich Gmelin|lesser swallow-tailed swift]]

Lesser swallow-tailed swift - Revision history

imported>EvanBaldonado: Replace hyphens with en-dashes.