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{{Short description|Fascist Filipino political party during the nation's Japanese occupation}}
{{Use Philippine English|date=April 2023}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox political party
| name = Association for Service to the New Philippines
| native_name = Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas
| abbreviation = KALIBAPI
| logo = Kalibapi Seal.png
| colorcode = {{party color|KALIBAPI}}
| leader = Directors-General: {{nowrap|[[Benigno Aquino, Sr.|Benigno S. Aquino]] (1942–1943)}} {{nowrap|[[Camilo Osías]] (1943–1945)}}
| president =
| secretary_general = [[Pio Duran (politician)|Pio Duran]]
| spokesperson =
| foundation = {{Start date|1942|12|8}}
| ideology = [[Filipino nationalism]] [[National conservatism]] [[Fascism]]<ref name="fash1">Peter de Mendelssohn, ''Japan's Political Welfare'', Taylor & Francis US, 2010, p. 121</ref><ref name="Bern163"/><ref name="fash2">Felixberto G. Bustos, ''And Now Comes Roxas: The Story of the First President of the Republic of the Philippines and the Occupation'', C. Z. Bustos, 1945, p. 187</ref><ref name="fash3">Augusto V. de Viana, ''Kulaboretor!: The Issue of Political Collaboration During World War II'', University of Santo Tomas Publishing House, 2003, p. 46</ref> [[Japanophilia]]<ref name="Guillermo 2012 223">{{Citation |title=KALIBAPI |first=Artemio R. |last=Guillermo |work=Historical Dictionary of the Philippines |edition=Third |publisher=Scarecrow Press |year=2012 |page=223}}</ref>
| headquarters = [[Manila]], [[Second Philippine Republic]]
| international =
| website =
| country = the Philippines
| chairperson =
| founder = [[Philippine Executive Commission]]
| dissolved = {{End date|1945}}
| position = [[Far-right]]<ref>Sven Matthiessen, ''Japanese Pan-Asianism and the Philippines from the Late Nineteenth Century to the End of World War II: Going to the Philippines Is Like Coming Home?'', p. 134</ref>
| anthem = "Da I Atiw Ng Kalibapi" ("March Of The Kalibapi")
[[File:Da I Atiw Ng Kalibapi.ogg]]
| symbol = [[File:Badge of Kalibapi.svg|100px]]
| flag = Flag of Kalibapi.svg
}}

The '''Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas''' ({{lit|Association for Service to the New Philippines}}),<ref name="Guillermo 2012 223"/><ref>{{Citation |last=Jose |title=KALIBAPI |year=2001}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Pomeroy |title=The Philippines |year=1992 |page=113}}</ref> or '''KALIBAPI''', was a [[Fascism|fascist]]<ref name="fash1"/><ref name="Bern163"/><ref name="fash2"/><ref name="fash3"/> [[Philippines|Filipino]] [[political party]] that served as the sole party of state during the [[Japanese occupation of the Philippines|Japanese occupation]]. It was intended to be a Filipino version of Japan's governing [[Imperial Rule Assistance Association]].<ref>Setsuho Ikehata, Lydia N. Yu-Jose, ''Philippines-Japan Relations'', Ateneo de Manila University Press, 2003, p. 196</ref>

== History ==
Formed by the [[Philippine Executive Commission]] (Komisyong Tagapagpaganap ng Pilipinas) under the leadership of [[Jorge B. Vargas|Jorge Vargas]], the party was created by Proclamation No. 109 of the PEC, a piece of legislation passed on December 8, 1942, banning all existing political parties and creating the new governing alliance.<ref>Alphonso J. Aluit, ''By Sword and Fire: The Destruction of Manila in World War II, February 3-March 3, 1945'', Bookmark Inc., 1994</ref> The Japanese had already dissolved all political parties on the islands, even including the pro-Japanese [[Ganap Party]], and established KALIBAPI as a mass movement designed to support the occupation whilst taking advantage of [[Filipino nationalism]] in the region.<ref>{{Citation |last=Pomeroy |title=The Philippines |year=1992 |pages=113–114}}</ref> Inaugurated on December 30, 1942, the death anniversary of Filipino writer and national hero [[José Rizal]], "to emphasize the patriotic basis of the organization",<ref>{{cite news |last=Romero |first=José V. |date=January 26, 2017 |title=Grandad Aquino's KALIBAPI |url=http://www.manilatimes.net/grandad-aquinos-kalibapi/241578/ |work=[[The Manila Times]] |location=Manila |access-date=October 13, 2017 |quote=It was inaugurated on December 30, 1942, the death anniversary of Philippine national hero José Rizal, to emphasize the patriotic basis of the organization.}}</ref> the party was headed by its Director-General [[Benigno Aquino, Sr.|Benigno S. Aquino]] with [[Pio Duran (politician)|Pio Duran]] as Secretary-General and effective second in command and Ganap leader [[Benigno Ramos]] as a member of the executive committee.<ref>{{Citation |last=Pomeroy |title=The Philippines |year=1992 |pages=117–118}}</ref> The three toured the Philippines, setting up local party organisations and promoting the "[[Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere|new order in East Asia]]" at mass meetings.<ref name="Pomeroy118">{{Citation |last=Pomeroy |title=The Philippines |year=1992 |page=118}}</ref>

For the Japanese, KALIBAPI served as a labour recruitment service in its initial stages before taking on an expanded role in mid 1943. It was left to KALIBAPI to write the new constitution and establish the new [[National Assembly of the Philippines|National Assembly]], resulting in Aquino's appointment as Speaker (as his replacement as Director-General by [[Camilo Osías]]).<ref name="Pomeroy118"/> All 54 members of the Assembly were KALIBAPI members, although 33 of them had held elected office before the invasion as well.<ref>{{Citation |last=Pomeroy |title=The Philippines |year=1992 |page=119}}</ref> KALIBAPI soon claimed a membership that ran into the hundreds of thousands.<ref name="Bern163">David Bernstein, ''The Philippine Story'', READ BOOKS, 2007, p. 163</ref> The islands were declared officially independent as the [[Second Philippine Republic]] on October 14, 1943, under the Presidency of [[Jose P. Laurel|José P. Laurel]] and his KALIBAPI government.<ref name="Smith">Ralph Bernard Smith, Chad J. Mitcham, ''Changing Visions of East Asia, 1943-93: Transformations and Continuities'', Taylor & Francis, 2007, p. 22</ref> This had been accomplished through the [[Preparatory Committee for Philippine Independence]], which KALIBAPI had established in mid-1943 under Japanese direction.<ref>Milton Walter Meyer, ''Asia: A Concise History'', Rowman & Littlefield, 1997, p. 305</ref>

Taking a highly nationalistic standpoint, KALIBAPI was active in initiatives to promote the [[Tagalog language]] as a central feature of Filipino identity. To this end a pared-down, 1000 word version of the language was promoted to be learned rapidly by those not yet versed in the language.<ref>Robert B. Kaplan, Richard B. Baldauf, ''Language and Language-in-Education Planning in the Pacific Basin'', Springer, 2003, p. 72</ref> The general nationalism of Laurel's government strained relations with Japan, particularly as Laurel had refused to declare war on the United States and United Kingdom.<ref name="Smith"/> As such, the Japanese instructed Ramos to form a new group, [[Makapili]], in November 1944 to give more tangible military support to the Japanese.<ref>Ray C. Hunt, Bernard Norling, ''Behind Japanese Lines: An American Guerrilla in the Philippines'', University Press of Kentucky, 2000, p. 142</ref>

KALIBAPI disappeared after the [[surrender of Japan|Japanese surrender]] with some of its leaders arrested for collaboration and treason. No former KALIBAPI candidates ran for office in the [[1946 Philippine general election|1946 general election]], and some of those not arrested went into hiding in Philippines, exile in Japan, or were executed by vengeful Filipinos or the communist-aligned [[Hukbalahap]] members.

== Sources ==
* {{Citation |first=Ricardo T. |last=Jose |title=The Association for Service to the New Philippines (KALIBAPI) during the Japanese Occupation: Attempting to Transplant a Japanese Wartime Concept to the Philippines |journal=The Journal of Sophia Asian Studies |number=19 |year=2001 |pages=149–185 |url=http://repository.cc.sophia.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/123456789/5217/1/200000079942_000121000_149.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020023247/http://repository.cc.sophia.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/123456789/5217/1/200000079942_000121000_149.pdf |archive-date=October 20, 2014 }}
* {{Citation |first=William J. |last=Pomeroy |title=The Philippines: Colonialism, Collaboration, and Resistance |publisher=International Publishers Co. |year=1992 |pages=113–119}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Philippine political parties}}

[[Category:Defunct political parties in the Philippines]]
[[Category:Filipino collaborators with Imperial Japan]]
[[Category:Parties of one-party systems]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1942]]
[[Category:Political parties disestablished in 1945]]
[[Category:Fascist parties]]
[[Category:1942 establishments in the Philippines]]

KALIBAPI - Revision history

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