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{{short description|One of five sub-provinces of Syria under the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates}}
[[File:Syria in the 9th century.svg|thumb|right|250px|Syria (''[[Bilad al-Sham]]'') and its provinces under the [[Abbasid Caliphate]] in the 9th century]]

'''''Jund Qinnasrīn''''' ({{langx|ar|جُـنْـد قِـنَّـسْـرِيْـن}}, "[[jund|military district]] of [[Qinnasrin]]") was one of five sub-provinces of [[Bilad al-Sham|Syria]] under the [[Umayyad]] and [[Abbasid Caliphate|Abbasid Caliphates]], organized soon after the [[Muslim conquest of Syria]] in the 7th century CE. Initially, its capital was [[Qinnasrin]], but as the city declined in population and wealth, the capital was moved to [[Aleppo]]. By 985, the district's principal towns were [[Manbij]], [[Alexandretta]], [[Hama]], [[Shaizar]], [[Ma'arrat al-Nu'man]], [[Samosata]], Jusiya, [[Dhahab River|Wadi Butnan]], [[Raphanea|Rafaniyya]], Lajjun, [[Kahramanmaraş|Mar'ash]], Qinnasrin, al-Tinat (possibly ancient [[Issus (Cilicia)|Issus]]), [[Barbalissos|Balis]], and [[Samandağ|Suwaydiyya]].<ref name="LeStrange1890">{{cite book |title=Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500 |url=https://archive.org/details/palestineundermo00lestuoft |translator=[[Guy Le Strange|Le Strange, G.]] |publisher=Committee of the [[Palestine Exploration Fund]] |location=[[London]] |year=1890 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/palestineundermo00lestuoft/page/25 25]–39 |oclc=1004386 }}</ref>

==History==
Originally a part of [[Jund Hims]], the first Umayyad caliph [[Mu'awiya I]] established the Jund Qinnasrin when he defeated [[Hasan ibn Ali]], and subsequently detached the people of that area from their allegiance to him. 9th century Muslim historian [[al-Biladhuri]] says, however, that it was Muawiya's successor [[Yazid I]] who founded the district after separating northern territories from Jund Hims. The newly established district was named after the ancient town of [[Qinnasrin]] which was located within its boundaries. Under the Umayyads, Jund Qinnasrin composed of three districts: Antioch, Aleppo, and [[Manbij]].<ref name="LeStrange1890"/>

After caliph [[al-Mansur]]'s conquests of southern [[Anatolia]], Syria's northern frontiers were considerably extended and in 786, during the reign of the [[Harun al-Rashid]], the now-overgrown Jund Qinnasrin was subdivided. The area toward the northern frontier, comprising the territories of [[Antioch]] and the lands east towards [[Aleppo]] were split from the district to form [[Jund al-'Awasim]]. For the remainder of the Abbasid period, Jund Qinnasrin consisted of the cities of Aleppo (the capital of the district), Qinnasrin and the lands around them, as well as the [[Sarmin]] territory.<ref name="LeStrange1890"/>

==Governors==
===Umayyad period===
*[[Sa'id ibn Malik ibn Bahdal]] (680–683){{sfn|Crone|1980|p=94}}{{sfn|Caskel|1966|p=500}}
*[[Zufar ibn al-Harith al-Kilabi]] (684; expelled Sa'id ibn Malik and gave allegiance to the anti-Umayyad caliph [[Ibn al-Zubayr]]){{sfn|Işıltan|1960|p=105}}
*[[Aban ibn al-Walid ibn Uqba]] (684–685){{sfn|Crone|1980|p=124}}
*[[Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik]] and [[Qurra ibn Sharik al-Absi]] (both governed at different periods in 685–705, Qurra's term may have continued until 709){{sfn|Crone|1980|p=125–126}}
*[[Marthad ibn Sharik al-Absi]] (709–?){{sfn|Crone|1980|p=126}}
*[[Al-Walid ibn Hisham ibn al-Walid ibn Uqba]] and Hilal ibn Abd al-A'la (both ruled at different points in 717–720){{sfn|Crone|1980|p=127}}
*[[Bishr ibn al-Walid]] (720–724){{sfn|Crone|1980|p=128}}
*[[Al-Walid ibn Qa'qa ibn Khulayd al-Absi]] (737–743){{sfn|Crone|1980|p=128}}{{sfn|Hillenbrand|1989|p=136, note 684}}
*[[Yazid ibn Umar ibn Hubayra al-Fazari]] (743–744){{sfn|Crone|1980|p=129}}
*[[Abd al-Malik ibn Kawthar al-Ghanawi]] (undetermined period in 744–750){{sfn|Cobb|2001|p=175}}
*[[Abu al-Ward|Majza'a ibn Kawthar ibn Zufar al-Kilabi]] (undetermined period in 744–750, last Umayyad governor of Qinnasrin){{sfn|Cobb|2001|p=46}}

==See also==
* [[Aban ibn al-Walid ibn Uqba]]
* the [[Syria (region)|region of Syria]]
* [[Levant]]
* [[Mashriq]]
* [[Middle East]]
* [[Shaam]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book |last1=Caskel |first1=Werner |title=Ğamharat an-nasab: Das genealogische Werk des His̆ām ibn Muḥammad al-Kalbī, Volume II |date=1966 |publisher=Brill |location=Leiden |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ybgUAAAAIAAJ |language=German}}
* {{cite book |last=Cobb |first=Paul M. |title=White Banners: Contention in 'Abbasid Syria, 750–880 |year=2001 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-0-7914-4880-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2C6KIBw4F9YC&q=Abu+Muhammad+al-Sufyani |access-date=6 August 2018 }}
*{{Slaves on Horses}}
*{{The History of al-Tabari |volume=26 |url=}}
*{{cite book |last1=Işıltan |first1=Fikret |title=Urfa bölgesi tarihi: başlangıçtan h. 210-m. 825 e kadar |date=1960 |publisher=Edebiyat Fakültesi Basimevi |location=Urfa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KzFXAAAAMAAJ}}

{{coord|35.92|37.20|display=title}}

{{Districts of Islamic Syria}}

[[Category:Syria under the Umayyad Caliphate]]
[[Category:Subdivisions of the Abbasid Caliphate]]
[[Category:Subdivisions of the Umayyad Caliphate]]
[[Category:States and territories established in the 7th century]]
[[Category:7th-century establishments in the Umayyad Caliphate]]

Jund Qinnasrin - Revision history

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