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{{Short description|Central lunar eclipse on 27 July 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox lunar eclipse
| type = total
| image = Lunar Total Eclipse on July 27, 2018 (100 2006) (43696968392) (cropped).jpg
| caption = Totality as viewed from [[Oria, Italy]], 21:09 UTC
| date = July 27, 2018
| gamma = 0.1168
| magnitude = 1.6100
| saros_ser = 129
| saros_no = 38 of 71
| totality = 102 minutes, 57 seconds
| partiality = 234 minutes, 33 seconds
| penumbral = 373 minutes, 48 seconds
| p1 = 17:14:49
| u1 = 18:24:27
| u2 = 19:30:15
| greatest = 20:21:44
| u3 = 21:13:12
| u4 = 22:19:00
| p4 = 23:28:37
| previous = January 2018
| next = January 2019
}}
A total [[lunar eclipse]] occurred at the Moon’s [[Lunar node|descending node]] of orbit on Friday, July 27, 2018,<ref>{{cite web|title=July 27–28, 2018 Total Lunar Eclipse (Blood Moon)|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/eclipse/lunar/2018-july-27|publisher=timeanddate|access-date=17 November 2024}}</ref> with an umbral [[Magnitude of eclipse|magnitude]] of 1.6100. It was a [[List of central lunar eclipses|central lunar eclipse]], in which part of the [[Moon]] passed through the [[antisolar point|center]] of the [[Earth's shadow]]. A lunar eclipse occurs when the [[Moon]] moves into the [[Earth's shadow]], causing the Moon to be darkened. A total lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon's near side entirely passes into the Earth's umbral shadow. Unlike a [[solar eclipse]], which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the [[night]] side of Earth. A total lunar eclipse can last up to nearly two hours, while a total solar eclipse lasts only a few minutes at any given place, because the Moon's [[Umbra, penumbra and antumbra|shadow]] is smaller. Occurring about 19 hours after [[Apsis|apogee]] (on July 27, 2018, at 1:45 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.<ref>{{cite web|title=Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/astronomy/moon/distance.html?year=2018&n=136|publisher=timeanddate|access-date=17 November 2024}}</ref>

This was the first [[list of central lunar eclipses|central lunar eclipse]] since [[June 2011 lunar eclipse|June 15, 2011]]. It was also the longest total lunar eclipse of the 21st century, but not the longest in the 3rd millennium.<ref name=ES>{{cite web|url=http://earthsky.org/tonight/centurys-longest-lunar-eclipse-july-27|title=Century's Longest Lunar Eclipse July 27|first=Bruce|last=McClure|date=27 July 2018|website=[[EarthSky]]|access-date=27 July 2018}}</ref> Totality lasted one hour and 42.955 minutes,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://earth-chronicles.com/space/in-2018-the-longest-lunar-eclipse-will-take-place-in-100-years.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127202555/https://earth-chronicles.com/space/in-2018-the-longest-lunar-eclipse-will-take-place-in-100-years.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=27 January 2018|author=Space|title=In 2018 the longest lunar eclipse will take place in 100 years|date=29 December 2017|website=Earth Chronicles|access-date=27 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2018/7/27/17621694/watch-lunar-eclipse-july-2018-blood-moon-live-stream-start-time|first=Brian|last=Resnick|title=Watch: The longest 'blood moon' lunar eclipse of the century|work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|date=27 July 2018|access-date=27 July 2018}}</ref><ref name="Nunamaker 2018-07-27">{{cite news|url=http://www.windermeresun.com/2018/07/27/centurys-longest-lunar-eclipse-blood-moon-2018-today-will-last-103-minutes/|title=Century's Longest Lunar Eclipse, Blood Moon 2018, Today, Will Last 103 Minutes|website=Windermere Sun|date=27 July 2018|first=Susan Sun|last=Nunamaker|access-date=27 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://tass.ru/kosmos/5405760|title=Два редких астрономических явления можно будет наблюдать 27 июля|website=[[TASS]]|language=Russian|date=27 July 2018|access-date=27 July 2018}}</ref> a period "just short of the theoretical limit of a lunar eclipse (one hour and 46.605 minutes)".<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/jul/25/blood-moon-all-you-need-to-know-about-this-weeks-lunar-eclipse|title=Blood moon: All you need to know about this week's lunar eclipse|last=Lyons|first=Kate|date=27 July 2018|website=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=27 July 2018}}</ref> The Moon remained at least partially in Earth's shadow for three hours 54.55 minutes.<ref name=":0" /> The longest total lunar eclipse of the 3rd millennium will occur on May 12, 2264, lasting 106 minutes and 13.2 seconds, which will be the longest total lunar eclipse since 2000, and the longest one until 3107.

The eclipse occurred when the Moon was near its maximum distance from Earth, which caused the Moon to appear smaller than normal (a phenomenon sometimes called a micromoon),<ref>{{Cite web
|url=http://www.timeanddate.com/astronomy/moon/micro-moon.html
|title=What Is a Micromoon?|website=Timeanddate.com |date=n.d.
|publisher=Time and Date AS |location=[[Stavanger|Stavanger, Norway]]
|access-date=July 27, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.sg/how-lunar-eclipses-work-earth-moon-red-shadow-2018-7/|title=The longest total lunar eclipse in a century is about to happen — here's how Earth will color the moon blood-red|first1=Dave|last1=Mosher|first2=Shayanne|last2=Gal|website=Business Insider|date=27 July 2018|access-date=27 July 2018}}</ref> and to travel at its slowest speed in its orbit around Earth.<ref name=ES/>

This lunar eclipse coincided with Mars [[Orbit of Mars#Oppositions|being nearly as close as possible to Earth]], a concurrence that happens once every 25,000 years.<ref name="Nunamaker 2018-07-27"/>

== Background ==
{{main|Lunar eclipse}}
A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes within Earth's [[umbra]] (shadow). As the eclipse begins, Earth's shadow first darkens the Moon slightly. Then, the Earth's shadow begins to cover part of the Moon, typically turning it a dark red-brown color (the color can vary based on atmospheric conditions). The Moon appears to be reddish because of [[Rayleigh scattering]] (the same effect that causes sunsets to appear reddish and the daytime sky to appear blue) and the refraction of that light by Earth's atmosphere into its umbra.<ref name="Espenak 2009-01-29">{{cite web|title=Visual Appearance of Lunar Eclipses|website=NASA Eclipse Web Site|publisher=[[NASA|National Aeronautics and Space Administration]]|first1=Fred|last1=Espenak|first2=Jean|last2=Meeus|url=http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/LEcat5/appearance.html|date=27 July 2018|access-date=27 July 2018}}</ref>

The Moon's brightness is exaggerated within the umbral shadow.<ref name="Espenak 2009-01-29"/> The southern portion of the Moon was closest to the center of the shadow, making it the darkest, and most red in appearance.{{Citation needed|date=July 2018}}
[[File:Animation July 27 2018 lunar eclipse appearance.gif|thumb|none|480px|Animation showing the approximate appearance of the Moon passing through Earth's shadow]]

== Visibility ==
The eclipse was completely visible over [[east Africa]], [[southern Africa]], [[south Asia|south]] and [[central Asia]], seen rising over [[South America]], [[west Africa]], and [[Europe]], and setting over [[east Asia]] and [[Australia]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Total Lunar Eclipse of 2018 Jul 27|url=https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/LEplot/LEplot2001/LE2018Jul27T.pdf|publisher=NASA|access-date=17 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/eclipse/map/2018-july-27|title=Eclipse Map — 27 July 2018 Total Lunar Eclipse|language=English}}</ref>

{| class=wikitable
|[[File:Lunar eclipse from moon-2018Jul27.png|315px]] [[File:Lunar eclipse chart close-2018Jul27.png|315px]]
|- align=center
|[[File:Visibility Lunar Eclipse 2018-07-27.png|640px]] Visibility map
|}

== Gallery ==

<gallery>
File:2018 Lunar Eclipse.gif|Animation of the eclipse from [[Athens, Greece]]
File:Лунное затмение 27 июля 2018 года в Екатеринбурге.ogv|Video of the eclipse from [[Yekaterinburg]], [[Russia]]
File:Partial Lunar Eclipse of July 28, 2018.jpg|[[Nanjing, China]], 18:25 UTC
File:Eclipse lunar (42793807485).jpg|[[Asunción, Paraguay]] 19:10 UTC
File:Lunar eclipse 2018 07 27-1915.jpg|[[Rethymnon, Greece]] 19:14 UTC
File:Lunar eclipse with red moon (41869598430).jpg|[[Johannesburg, South Africa]], 19:16 UTC
File:Lunar eclipse 28 July 2018 03 20 31 Guangzhou China.jpg|[[Guangzhou, China]], 19:20 UTC
File:Lunar Eclipse 2018.jpg|[[Limassol, Cyprus]], 19:27 UTC
File:Лунное затмение в Ташкенте.jpg|[[Tashkent, Uzbekistan]], 19:32 UTC
File:Maale Adumim 14 27-07-18 22-33.jpg|[[Jerusalem, Israel]], 19:33 UTC
File:Total Lunar Eclipse with the Mars (43631697262).jpg|Eclipse with [[Mars]], [[Fukuoka, Japan]], 19:46 UTC
File:Total eclipse davao.jpg|[[Davao City, Philippines]], 19:52 UTC
File:Eclipse of the moon 2 (29810132768).jpg|[[Cracow, Poland]], 20:05 UTC
File:20180728 06-07 Chelsea, total lunar eclipse 10.jpg|[[Chelsea, Victoria]], Australia, 20:07 UTC
File:Total Lunar Eclipse 2018-07-28 At Maximum, Banjarmasin Indonesia.jpg|Maximum from [[Banjarmasin|Banjarmasin, Indonesia]], 20:21 UTC
File:Total Lunar Eclipse 2018 (41976695380).jpg|[[Tuen Mun]], Hong Kong, 20:47 UTC
File:2018.07.28 0005 300mm Lunar Total Eclipse 1 (43633067452).jpg|[[Huittinen]], Finland, 21:05 UTC
File:Lunar eclipse (43680756561).jpg|[[Graz, Austria]], 21:12 UTC
File:Une belle Lune de Sang (beautiful Bloody Moon) (42991774724).jpg|[[Toulouse, France]], 21:17 UTC
File:Blutmond.27.7.2018.nach.Austritt.aus.Kernschatten.jpg|[[Berlin, Germany]], 21:19 UTC
File:Eclisse di Luna 27 7 18 (29816914738).jpg|[[Torino, Italy]], 21:19 UTC
File:Mondfinsternis Juli 2018 II (43695158571).jpg|[[Hamburg, Germany]], 21:23 UTC
File:Blood moon over Brastad old cemetery.jpg|[[Brastad]], Sweden, 21:24 UTC
File:Eclipse parcial (43648377492).jpg|[[León, Spain]], 21:27 UTC
</gallery>

== Eclipse details ==
Shown below is a table displaying details about this particular lunar eclipse. It describes various parameters pertaining to this eclipse.<ref>{{cite web|title=Total Lunar Eclipse of 2018 Jul 27|url=https://eclipsewise.com/lunar/LEprime/2001-2100/LE2018Jul27Tprime.html|publisher=EclipseWise.com|access-date=17 November 2024}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable" align="{{{align|left}}}" style="margin:{{#ifeq:{{{align}}}|right|0 0 0.5em 1em|0 1em 0.5em 0}}"
|+July 27, 2018 Lunar Eclipse Parameters
! Parameter
! Value
|-
| Penumbral Magnitude
| 2.68050
|-
| Umbral Magnitude
| 1.60996
|-
| Gamma
| 0.11681
|-
| Sun Right Ascension
| 08h28m22.0s
|-
| Sun Declination
| +19°04'25.2"
|-
| Sun Semi-Diameter
| 15'45.0"
|-
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax
| 08.7"
|-
| Moon Right Ascension
| 20h28m18.2s
|-
| Moon Declination
| -18°58'10.6"
|-
| Moon Semi-Diameter
| 14'42.7"
|-
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax
| 0°53'59.7"
|-
| ΔT
| 68.9 s
|}
{{clear}}

== Eclipse season ==
{{See also|Eclipse cycle}}
This eclipse is part of an [[eclipse season]], a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a [[fortnight]]. The first and last eclipse in this sequence is separated by one [[month#Synodic month|synodic month]].

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Eclipse season of July–August 2018
! [[Solar eclipse of July 13, 2018|July 13]] Ascending node (new moon) !! July 27 Descending node (full moon) !! [[Solar eclipse of August 11, 2018|August 11]] Ascending node (new moon) 
|-
| [[File:SE2018Jul13P.png|200px]] || [[File:Lunar eclipse chart close-2018Jul27.png|200px]] || [[File:SE2018Aug11P.png|200px]]
|- align=center
| [[Total eclipse#Types|Partial solar eclipse]] Solar Saros 117 || [[Lunar eclipse#Types of lunar eclipse|Total lunar eclipse]] Lunar Saros 129 || [[Total eclipse#Types|Partial solar eclipse]] Solar Saros 155
|}

== Related eclipses ==
[[File:Mars and Moon (41877108900).jpg|thumb|300px|Wide angle view of the total lunar eclipse and Mars in [[Melbourne, Australia]]]]

=== Eclipses in 2018 ===
* [[January 2018 lunar eclipse|A total lunar eclipse on January 31]].
* [[Solar eclipse of February 15, 2018|A partial solar eclipse on February 15]].
* [[Solar eclipse of July 13, 2018|A partial solar eclipse on July 13]].
* '''A total lunar eclipse on July 27.'''
* [[Solar eclipse of August 11, 2018|A partial solar eclipse on August 11]].

=== Metonic ===
* Preceded by: [[October 2014 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of October 8, 2014]]
* Followed by: [[May 2022 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of May 16, 2022]]

=== Tzolkinex ===
* Preceded by: [[June 2011 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of June 15, 2011]]
* Followed by: [[September 2025 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of September 7, 2025]]

=== Half-Saros ===
* Preceded by: [[Solar eclipse of July 22, 2009]]
* Followed by: [[Solar eclipse of August 2, 2027]]

=== Tritos ===
* Preceded by: [[August 2007 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of August 28, 2007]]
* Followed by: [[June 2029 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of June 26, 2029]]

=== Lunar Saros 129 ===
* Preceded by: [[July 2000 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of July 16, 2000]]
* Followed by: [[August 2036 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of August 7, 2036]]

=== Inex ===
* Preceded by: [[August 1989 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of August 17, 1989]]
* Followed by: [[July 2047 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of July 7, 2047]]

=== Triad ===
* Preceded by: [[September 1931 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of September 26, 1931]]
* Followed by: [[May 2105 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of May 28, 2105]]

=== Lunar eclipses of 2016–2020 ===
{{Lunar eclipse set 2016-2020}}

=== Saros 129 ===
{{Lunar Saros series 129}}

=== Tritos series ===
{{Lunar Tritos series August 2007}}

=== Inex series ===
{{Lunar Inex series July 2018}}

=== Half-Saros cycle ===
A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a [[Saros (astronomy)#Relationship between lunar and solar saros .28sar.29|half saros]]).<ref>Mathematical Astronomy Morsels, Jean Meeus, p.110, Chapter 18, ''The half-saros''</ref> This lunar eclipse is related to two total solar eclipses of [[Solar Saros 136]].
{| class=wikitable
![[Solar eclipse of July 22, 2009|July 22, 2009]]
![[Solar eclipse of August 2, 2027|August 22, 2027]]
|-
|[[File:SE2009Jul22T.png|240px]]
|[[File:SE2027Aug02T.png|240px]]
|}

==See also==
*[[List of lunar eclipses]] and [[List of 21st-century lunar eclipses]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Lunar eclipse of 2018 July 27}}
* [http://gostargazing.co.uk/2018/06/15/see-the-lunar-eclipse-27-july-2018/ Where to see the eclipse and public events (Go Stargazing)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902092637/http://gostargazing.co.uk/2018/06/15/see-the-lunar-eclipse-27-july-2018/ |date=2 September 2018 }}
* {{LEplot2001 link|2018|Jul|27|T}}
* [http://www.hermit.org/eclipse/2018-07-27/ Hermit eclipse: 2018-07-27]
*[https://www.livescience.com/63251-lunar-eclipse-earth-shadow-photo.html Photo Reveals a Lunar Eclipse Like Never Before]

{{Lunar eclipses}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lunar eclipse 2018-07}}
[[Category:21st-century lunar eclipses|2018-07]]
[[Category:Central total lunar eclipses|2018-07]]
[[Category:2018 in science]]
[[Category:July 2018]]

July 2018 lunar eclipse - Revision history

imported>BunnysBot: Fix CW Errors with GenFixes (T1)