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{{short description|Highest mountain in Tunisia (1,544 m)}}
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Jebel ech Chambi
| photo = Chambi1.JPG
| photo_caption =
| elevation_m = 1544
| elevation_ref = <ref>[https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipMEL6-H414RAtD9KAbBZOzF2Fiti0QK9ZNUuVU3=w594-h343-n-k-no] Retrieved 1 October 2011</ref>
| prominence_m =
| prominence_ref =
| map = Tunisia#Mediterranean#Africa
| map_caption = Location of Jebel ech Chambi in Tunisia
| map_size = 150
| label_position = right
| listing = [[List of countries by highest point|Country high point]]
| location = [[Tunisia]]
| range =
| coordinates = {{coord|35|12|24|N|08|40|59|E|type:mountain|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_ref =
| topo =
| type =
| age =
| last_eruption =
| first_ascent =
| easiest_route =
}}

'''Jebel ech Chambi''' ({{Langx|ar|جبل الشعانبي}} ''Jabal ash-Sha‘ānabī''; also '''Mount Ash-Sha'nabi''') is a mountain peak in [[Tunisia]]. At an elevation of {{convert|1544|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}, it is the highest mountain in the country.<ref name=UNESCO /> It stands above the city of [[Kasserine]] in western central Tunisia. The summit is covered by a pine forest and is part of [[Chambi National Park]].

==Description==
Jebel ech Chambi is a peak of the [[Monts de Tébessa]] at the eastern end of the Atlas Mountains in the centre-west of Tunisia, {{convert|17|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} north-west of the city of Kasserine and a few kilometres from the Algerian border. It can be reached by a track suitable for all-terrain vehicles to an altitude of {{convert|1300|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}. Afterwards, a two-hour hike provides access to the summit. It was [[Les Scouts Tunisiens]], in the aftermath of the country's independence in 1956, who placed a metal crescent, a symbol of [[Islam]], to mark their ascent.<ref name=Parc/>

This limestone mountain is deeply gouged and seared by erosion. It is composed of [[caliche]], a sedimentary rock, a hardened natural cement of [[calcium carbonate]] that binds other materials together. There seem to have been three cycles of sedimentation, with the layers being separated by red bands of [[palygorskite]], a clayey [[Detritus|detrital]] deposit.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Paquet, Helene|author2=Clauer, Norbert|title=Soils and Sediments: Mineralogy and Geochemistry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FxnVBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT66 |year=2012 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-642-60525-3 |pages=66–67}}</ref>

Since December 2012, Jebel ech Chambi has been the theatre of many military operations of Tunisian armed forces against groups of Islamist terrorists hidden in the caves of the mountain.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espacemanager.com/massacre-de-jbel-chaambi-emouvant-message-un-jeune-conscrit.html |title=Massacre de Jbel Châambi: Emouvant message à un jeune conscrit! |language=fr |date=23 July 2014 |publisher=Espace Manager |access-date=3 August 2019}}</ref>

==Biosphere Reserve==
[[UNESCO]] designated Jebel ech Chambi as a [[Man and the Biosphere Programme|biosphere reserve]] in 1977. The total area of the reserve is {{convert|43723|hectare}}, with a core area of {{convert|6723|hectare}}. About 8,000 people live within the reserve, mostly subsistence farmers raising livestock, growing cereals, keeping bees and growing trees as a plantation crop.<ref name=UNESCO>{{cite web |url=http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?mode=gen&code=TUN+02 |title=Djebel Chambi |work=Biosphere Reserve Information: Tunisia |publisher=UNESCO |access-date=3 August 2019}}</ref> The core area was inaugurated as [[Chambi National Park]] in 1980 to protect the natural environment of the massif.<ref name=Parc>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20150402153230/http://www.tunitrip.com/en/item/le-parc-national-chaambi/ Le Parc National Chambi]}}, Tunitrip</ref>

==Ecology==
Some plant communities on the mountain are dominated by [[Quercus ilex|holm oak]], ''[[Stipa fontanesii]]'', ''[[Stipa senecia]]'', ''[[Sorbus aria]]'' and ''[[Cotoneaster nummularius]]''. Elsewhere, there are forests containing ''[[Pinus halepensis]]'', holm oak, [[rosemary]], ''[[Globularia alypum]]'' and [[Juniperus phoenicea|Phoenicean juniper]]. On the lower slopes are [[steppe]] grassland with [[Esparto|esparto grass]]. These mountains are one of the last places in which [[Cuvier's gazelle]]s survive,<ref name=UNESCO/> and [[Barbary sheep]] are also found here. Bird species include the [[red crossbill]], the [[Egyptian vulture]], the [[Bonelli's eagle]] and the [[peregrine falcon]].<ref name=Parc/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}{{Highest points of Africa}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Jebel Ech Chambi}}
[[Category:Mountains of Tunisia|Chambi]]
[[Category:Biosphere reserves of Tunisia]]
[[Category:Highest points of countries]]

Jebel ech Chambi - Revision history

imported>GreenC bot: Reformat 1 archive link. Wayback Medic 2.5 per WP:USURPURL and JUDI batch #27an