Jean-Honoré Fragonard - Revision history

imported>Lord Cornwallis: /* Work */ + link to article

2025-12-09T12:50:39Z

Work: + link to article

imported>Ewulp: add; add ref; del unsourced line

2025-06-30T06:13:28Z

add; add ref; del unsourced line

← Previous revision		Revision as of 06:13, 30 June 2025
Line 19:		Line 19:
	}}		}}
	'''Jean-Honoré Fragonard''' ({{IPA\|fr\|ʒɑ̃ ɔnɔʁe fʁaɡɔnaʁ\|lang}}; 5 April 1732<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PuXYe0KadNIC\|title=Fragonard\|last=Rosenberg\|first=Pierre\|date=1 January 1988\|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art\|isbn=978-0-87099-516-3\|language=en}}</ref><ref name="birth certificate">		'''Jean-Honoré Fragonard''' ({{IPA\|fr\|ʒɑ̃ ɔnɔʁe fʁaɡɔnaʁ\|lang}}; 5 April 1732<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PuXYe0KadNIC\|title=Fragonard\|last=Rosenberg\|first=Pierre\|date=1 January 1988\|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art\|isbn=978-0-87099-516-3\|language=en}}</ref><ref name="birth certificate">
	{{cite book		{{cite book\|author= Edmond and Jules de Goncourt\|author-link = Goncourt brothers\|title= L'Art du XVIIIe siècle\|volume= III\|chapter= Fragonard\|page= 241\|publisher= G. Charpentier\|date= 1881–1882\|isbn= 978-2-35548-008-9\|chapter-url= http://www.freres-goncourt.fr/frago2003/Goncnotes.htm#note1\|access-date = 1 June 2009\|quote= Voici l'acte de naissance de Fragonard, dont M. Sénequier veut bien nous envoyer la copie prise par lui sur les registres conservés à la mairie de Grasse : Année mille sept cent trente-deux. Le sixième avril, a été baptisé Jean-Honoré Fragonard, né le jour précédent, fils du sieur François, marchand, et de demoiselle Françoise Petit, son épouse; le parrain : sieur Jean-Honoré Fragonard, son aïeul, et la marraine demoiselle Gabrielle Petit, sa tante, tous de cette paroisse. Signé qui a su : Fragonard, Fragonard, Martin, curé.\|url-status= dead\|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081119170801/http://www.freres-goncourt.fr/frago2003/Goncnotes.htm#note1\|archive-date = 19 November 2008}} (birth/baptism certificate)
	\|author = Edmond and Jules de Goncourt
	\|author-link = Goncourt brothers
	\|title = L'Art du XVIIIe siècle
	\|volume = III
	\|chapter = Fragonard
	\|page = 241
	\|publisher = G. Charpentier
	\|date = 1881–1882
	\|isbn = 978-2-35548-008-9
	\|chapter-url = http://www.freres-goncourt.fr/frago2003/Goncnotes.htm#note1
	\|access-date = 1 June 2009
	\|quote = Voici l'acte de naissance de Fragonard, dont M. Sénequier veut bien nous envoyer la copie prise par lui sur les registres conservés à la mairie de Grasse : Année mille sept cent trente-deux. Le sixième avril, a été baptisé Jean-Honoré Fragonard, né le jour précédent, fils du sieur François, marchand, et de demoiselle Françoise Petit, son épouse; le parrain : sieur Jean-Honoré Fragonard, son aïeul, et la marraine demoiselle Gabrielle Petit, sa tante, tous de cette paroisse. Signé qui a su : Fragonard, Fragonard, Martin, curé.
	\|url-status = dead
	\|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081119170801/http://www.freres-goncourt.fr/frago2003/Goncnotes.htm#note1
	\|archive-date = 19 November 2008
	}} (birth/baptism certificate)
	</ref> – 22 August 1806) was a French painter and [[printmaker]] whose late [[Rococo]] manner was distinguished by remarkable facility, exuberance, and [[hedonism]]. One of the most prolific artists active in the last decades of the [[Ancien Régime]], Fragonard produced more than 550 paintings (not counting drawings and [[etching]]s), of which only five are dated. Among his most popular works are [[genre painting]]s conveying an atmosphere of intimacy and veiled [[eroticism]].		</ref> – 22 August 1806) was a French painter and [[printmaker]] whose late [[Rococo]] manner was distinguished by remarkable facility, exuberance, and [[hedonism]]. One of the most prolific artists active in the last decades of the [[Ancien Régime]], Fragonard produced more than 550 paintings (not counting drawings and [[etching]]s), of which only five are dated. Among his most popular works are [[genre painting]]s conveying an atmosphere of intimacy and veiled [[eroticism]].

Line 42:		Line 26:
	[[File:Jean-Honoré Fragonard - Cabra-cega.jpg\|thumbnail\|Jean-Honoré Fragonard, ''[[Blind Man's Buff (Fragonard, 1775–1780)\|Blindman's Buff]]'', 1775–1780, [[Timken Museum of Art]], San Diego]]		[[File:Jean-Honoré Fragonard - Cabra-cega.jpg\|thumbnail\|Jean-Honoré Fragonard, ''[[Blind Man's Buff (Fragonard, 1775–1780)\|Blindman's Buff]]'', 1775–1780, [[Timken Museum of Art]], San Diego]]

	Jean-Honoré Fragonard was born in [[Grasse]], [[Alpes-Maritimes]], [[France]] the only child of François Fragonard, a glover, and Françoise Petit.<ref name="histoire en marche">		Jean-Honoré Fragonard was born in [[Grasse]], [[Alpes-Maritimes]], [[France]] the only child of François Fragonard, a glover, and Françoise Petit.<ref name="histoire en marche">{{cite magazine\|first= Philippe\|last= Houël de Chaulieu\|title= L'histoire en marche; Anniversaire: Jean-Honoré Fragonard\|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=105cAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA570\|magazine=[[Intermédiaire des chercheurs et curieux]]\|number=644\|issn= 0994-4532\|date= May 2006\|access-date=9 May 2009\|pages= 571–574}}</ref><ref name="Harrison">Harrison, Colin (2003). "Fragonard, Jean-Honoré". Grove Art Online. Retrieved March 2024.</ref> In 1738 the family relocated to Paris. The young Fragonard showed an inclination for art, which was recognized by [[François Boucher]], who recommended him to the [[atelier]] of [[Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin\|Chardin]].<ref name="Harrison"/> Fragonard studied for a short time with Chardin then returned ca. 1749 to Boucher, whose style he soon acquired so completely that the master entrusted him with the execution of replicas of his paintings.<ref name="Harrison"/>
	{{cite magazine
	\|first= Philippe
	\|last= Houël de Chaulieu
	\|title= L'histoire en marche; Anniversaire: Jean-Honoré Fragonard
	\|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=105cAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA570
	\|magazine=[[Intermédiaire des chercheurs et curieux]]
	\|number=644
	\|issn= 0994-4532
	\|date= May 2006
	\|access-date=9 May 2009
	\|pages= 571–574
	}}
	</ref><ref name="Harrison">Harrison, Colin (2003). "Fragonard, Jean-Honoré". Grove Art Online. Retrieved March 2024.</ref>
	~~Fragonard was apprenticed~~ to a Paris ~~[[notary]] when his father's circumstances became strained through unsuccessful speculations, but~~ showed ~~such talent and~~ inclination for art ~~that he~~ was ~~taken at the age of eighteen to~~ [[François Boucher]]~~. Boucher recognized the youth's rare gifts but, disinclined to waste his time with one so inexperienced~~, ~~sent~~ him to [[Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin\|Chardin~~]]'s [[atelier~~]]. Fragonard studied for a short time with Chardin then returned ~~more fully equipped~~ to Boucher, whose style he soon acquired so completely that the master entrusted him with the execution of replicas of his paintings.~~{{sfn\|Chisholm\|1911\|p~~=~~772}}~~

	Though not yet a student of the [[French Academy in Rome\|Academy]], Fragonard gained the [[Prix de Rome]] in 1752 with a painting of ''[[Jeroboam Sacrificing to Idols]]'', but before proceeding to Rome he continued to study for three years under [[Charles-André van Loo]].<ref name="Harrison"/> In the year preceding his departure he painted the ''Christ washing the Feet of the Apostles'' now at [[Grasse Cathedral]]. In December 1756, he took up his abode at the [[French Academy in Rome]], then presided over by [[Charles-Joseph Natoire]].{{sfn\|Chisholm\|1911\|p=772}}<ref name="Harrison"/>		Though not yet a student of the [[French Academy in Rome\|Academy]], Fragonard gained the [[Prix de Rome]] in 1752 with a painting of ''[[Jeroboam Sacrificing to Idols]]'', but before proceeding to Rome he continued to study for three years under [[Charles-André van Loo]].<ref name="Harrison"/> In the year preceding his departure he painted the ''Christ washing the Feet of the Apostles'' now at [[Grasse Cathedral]]. In December 1756, he took up his abode at the [[French Academy in Rome]], then presided over by [[Charles-Joseph Natoire]].{{sfn\|Chisholm\|1911\|p=772}}<ref name="Harrison"/>

	While at Rome, Fragonard contracted a friendship with a fellow painter [[Hubert Robert]]. In 1760, they toured Italy together, executing numerous sketches of local scenery. It was in these romantic gardens, with their fountains, grottoes, temples and terraces, that Fragonard conceived the dreams which he was subsequently to render in his art. He also learned to admire the masters of the Dutch and Flemish schools ([[Peter Paul Rubens\|Rubens]], [[Frans Hals\|Hals]], [[Rembrandt]], [[Jacob van Ruisdael\|Ruisdael]]), imitating their loose and vigorous brushstrokes. Added to this influence was the deep impression made upon his mind by the florid sumptuousness of [[Giovanni Battista Tiepolo]], whose works he had an opportunity to study in Venice before he returned to Paris in 1761.{{sfn\|Chisholm\|1911\|p=773}}		While at Rome, Fragonard contracted a friendship with a fellow painter [[Hubert Robert]].<ref>Baetjer, K., & Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.). (2019). ''French Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art from the Early Eighteenth Century through the Revolution''. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 250. {{ISBN\|9781588396617}}.</ref> In 1760, they toured Italy together, executing numerous sketches of local scenery. It was in these romantic gardens, with their fountains, grottoes, temples and terraces, that Fragonard conceived the dreams which he was subsequently to render in his art. He also learned to admire the masters of the Dutch and Flemish schools ([[Peter Paul Rubens\|Rubens]], [[Frans Hals\|Hals]], [[Rembrandt]], [[Jacob van Ruisdael\|Ruisdael]]), imitating their loose and vigorous brushstrokes. Added to this influence was the deep impression made upon his mind by the florid sumptuousness of [[Giovanni Battista Tiepolo]], whose works he had an opportunity to study in Venice before he returned to Paris in 1761.{{sfn\|Chisholm\|1911\|p=773}}

	In 1765 his ''[[Coresus Sacrificing Himself to Save Callirhoe]]'' secured his admission to the Academy. It was made the subject of a pompous (though not wholly serious) eulogy by [[Denis Diderot]], and was bought by the king, who had it reproduced at the [[Gobelins manufactory\|Gobelins]] factory. Until this time Fragonard had hesitated between religious, classic and other subjects; but ~~now the~~ demand of the wealthy art patrons of [[Louis XV of France\|Louis XV]]'s pleasure-loving and licentious court turned him definitely towards those scenes of love and voluptuousness, which are only made acceptable by the tender beauty of his color and the virtuosity of his facile brushwork; such works include the ''[[Blind Man's Bluff (Fragonard, 1750)\|Blind Man's Bluff]]'' (''Le collin maillard''),<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite journal \| last1 = Milam \| first1 = Jennifer \| issn = 0141-6790 \| title = Fragonard and the blindman's game: Interpreting representations of Blindman's Buff. \| journal = Art History \| volume = 21 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 1–25 \| year = 1998 \| doi=10.1111/1467-8365.00090}}</ref> ''Serment d'amour'' (Love Vow), ''Le Verrou'' ([[The Bolt (Fragonard)\|The Bolt]]), ''La Culbute'' (The Tumble), ''La Chemise enlevée'' ([[The Raised Chemise]]), and ''[[The Swing (Fragonard)\|L'escarpolette]]'' (The Swing, [[Wallace Collection]]), and his decorations for the apartments of [[Madame du Barry\|Mme du Barry]] and the dancer [[Madeleine Guimard]].{{sfn\|Chisholm\|1911\|p=773~~}} The portrait of Diderot (1769) has recently had its attribution to Fragonard called into question.{{Citation needed\|date=February 2024~~}}		In 1765 his ''[[Coresus Sacrificing Himself to Save Callirhoe]]'' secured his admission to the Academy. It was made the subject of a pompous (though not wholly serious) eulogy by [[Denis Diderot]], and was bought by the king, who had it reproduced at the [[Gobelins manufactory\|Gobelins]] factory. Until this time Fragonard had hesitated between religious, classic and other subjects, but he did not aspire to become a [[history painter]] and he had difficulty completing official commissions. As a consequence, he painted mostly for private patrons or for himself.<ref>Schwartz, Sanford (1990). ''Artists and Writers''. New York: Yarrow Press. p. 286. {{ISBN\|1-878274-01-5}}.</ref> The demand of the wealthy art patrons of [[Louis XV of France\|Louis XV]]'s pleasure-loving and licentious court turned him definitely towards those scenes of love and voluptuousness, which are only made acceptable by the tender beauty of his color and the virtuosity of his facile brushwork; such works include the ''[[Blind Man's Bluff (Fragonard, 1750)\|Blind Man's Bluff]]'' (''Le collin maillard''),<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite journal \| last1 = Milam \| first1 = Jennifer \| issn = 0141-6790 \| title = Fragonard and the blindman's game: Interpreting representations of Blindman's Buff. \| journal = Art History \| volume = 21 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 1–25 \| year = 1998 \| doi=10.1111/1467-8365.00090}}</ref> ''Serment d'amour'' (Love Vow), ''Le Verrou'' ([[The Bolt (Fragonard)\|The Bolt]]), ''La Culbute'' (The Tumble), ''La Chemise enlevée'' ([[The Raised Chemise]]), and ''[[The Swing (Fragonard)\|L'escarpolette]]'' (The Swing, [[Wallace Collection]]), and his decorations for the apartments of [[Madame du Barry\|Mme du Barry]] and the dancer [[Madeleine Guimard]].{{sfn\|Chisholm\|1911\|p=773}}
	[[File:Chaumiére Italienne.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Early engraving after Jean-Honoré Fragonard titled ''Chaumiére Italienne''<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Chaumiére Italienne\|url=https://lib.ugent.be/viewer/archive.ugent.be:9FF85302-D143-11E7-9D8C-0D306EE4309A#?c=&m=&s=&cv=&xywh=-2211,0,8986,3769\|access-date=5 October 2020\|website=lib.ugent.be}}</ref>]]		[[File:Chaumiére Italienne.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Early engraving after Jean-Honoré Fragonard titled ''Chaumiére Italienne''<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Chaumiére Italienne\|url=https://lib.ugent.be/viewer/archive.ugent.be:9FF85302-D143-11E7-9D8C-0D306EE4309A#?c=&m=&s=&cv=&xywh=-2211,0,8986,3769\|access-date=5 October 2020\|website=lib.ugent.be}}</ref>]]

	A lukewarm response to these series of ambitious works induced Fragonard to abandon the Rococo style and to experiment with [[Neoclassicism]]. He married [[Marie-Anne Fragonard\|Marie-Anne Gérard]], herself a painter of miniatures,<ref name="Monsieur Fragonard">{{Cite magazine \| last1 = Ferrand \| first1 = Franck \| issn = 0895-3651 \| title = Monsieur Fragonard. \| magazine = France Today \| volume = 23 \| issue = 2 \| pages = 30–31 \| year = 2008 }}</ref> ~~(1745–1823)~~ on 17 June 1769 and had a daughter, [[Rosalie Fragonard]] (1769–1788), who became one of his favourite models. In October 1773, he again went to Italy with Pierre-Jacques Onézyme Bergeret de Grancourt and his son, Pierre-Jacques Bergeret de Grancourt. In September 1774, he returned through [[Vienna]], [[Prague]], [[Dresden]], [[Frankfurt]] and [[Strasbourg]].{{Citation needed\|date=February 2024}}		A lukewarm response to these series of ambitious works induced Fragonard to abandon the Rococo style and to experiment with [[Neoclassicism]]. He married [[Marie-Anne Fragonard\|Marie-Anne Gérard]] (1745–1823), herself a painter of miniatures,<ref name="Monsieur Fragonard">{{Cite magazine \| last1 = Ferrand \| first1 = Franck \| issn = 0895-3651 \| title = Monsieur Fragonard. \| magazine = France Today \| volume = 23 \| issue = 2 \| pages = 30–31 \| year = 2008 }}</ref> on 17 June 1769 and had a daughter, [[Rosalie Fragonard]] (1769–1788), who became one of his favourite models. In October 1773, he again went to Italy with Pierre-Jacques Onézyme Bergeret de Grancourt and his son, Pierre-Jacques Bergeret de Grancourt. In September 1774, he returned through [[Vienna]], [[Prague]], [[Dresden]], [[Frankfurt]] and [[Strasbourg]].{{Citation needed\|date=February 2024}}

	Back in Paris [[Marguerite Gérard]], his wife's 14-year-old sister, became his student and assistant in 1778. In 1780, he had a son, [[Alexandre-Évariste Fragonard]] (1780–1850), who eventually became a talented painter and sculptor. The [[French Revolution]] deprived Fragonard of his private patrons: they were either [[guillotine]]d or exiled. The neglected painter deemed it prudent to leave Paris in 1790 and found shelter in the house of his cousin [[Alexandre Maubert]] at Grasse, which he decorated with the series of decorative panels known as the ''Les progrès de l'amour dans le cœur d'une jeune fille'',<ref>Also known as "''Roman d'amour de la jeunesse''".</ref> originally painted for [[Château du Barry]].<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://myhomepage.ferris.edu/~norcrosa/18thcwebsite/articles/fragonard_proglove.pdf \|title=The True Path of Fragonard's 'Progress of Love' \|author=Donald Posner \|publisher=[[Burlington Magazine]] \|date=August 1972 \|access-date=21 February 2013 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110180353/http://myhomepage.ferris.edu/~norcrosa/18thcwebsite/articles/fragonard_proglove.pdf \|archive-date=10 January 2014 }}</ref>		Back in Paris [[Marguerite Gérard]], his wife's 14-year-old sister, became his student and assistant in 1778. In 1780, he had a son, [[Alexandre-Évariste Fragonard]] (1780–1850), who eventually became a talented painter and sculptor. The [[French Revolution]] deprived Fragonard of his private patrons: they were either [[guillotine]]d or exiled. The neglected painter deemed it prudent to leave Paris in 1790 and found shelter in the house of his cousin [[Alexandre Maubert]] at Grasse, which he decorated with the series of decorative panels known as the ''Les progrès de l'amour dans le cœur d'une jeune fille'',<ref>Also known as "''Roman d'amour de la jeunesse''".</ref> originally painted for [[Château du Barry]].<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://myhomepage.ferris.edu/~norcrosa/18thcwebsite/articles/fragonard_proglove.pdf \|title=The True Path of Fragonard's 'Progress of Love' \|author=Donald Posner \|publisher=[[Burlington Magazine]] \|date=August 1972 \|access-date=21 February 2013 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110180353/http://myhomepage.ferris.edu/~norcrosa/18thcwebsite/articles/fragonard_proglove.pdf \|archive-date=10 January 2014 }}</ref>

imported>Swinub: /* Work */

2025-05-30T11:42:59Z

Work

New page

{{short description|French Rococo painter (1732–1806)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox artist
| name = Jean-Honoré Fragonard
| image = Jean-Honoré Fragonard - Self-portrait with smiling face.jpg
| caption = ''Self-Portrait'', 1780s, black chalk with gray wash
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1732|4|5}}
| birth_place = [[Grasse]], France
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1806|8|22|1732|4|5}}
| death_place = Paris, France
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Marie-Anne Fragonard|Marie-Anne Fragonard (''née'' Gérard)]]|1768}}
| children = 2, including [[Alexandre-Évariste Fragonard]]
| movement = [[Rococo]]
| awards = [[Prix de Rome]]
| patrons =
| field = [[Painting]], [[drawing]], [[etching]]
| training = {{hlist|[[Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin|Jean-Siméon Chardin]]|[[François Boucher]]|[[Charles-André van Loo]]}}<hr>[[French Academy in Rome]]
| works = ''[[The Swing (Fragonard)|The Swing]]'', ''[[A Young Girl Reading]]'', ''[[The Bolt (Fragonard)|The Bolt]]''
}}
'''Jean-Honoré Fragonard''' ({{IPA|fr|ʒɑ̃ ɔnɔʁe fʁaɡɔnaʁ|lang}}; 5 April 1732<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PuXYe0KadNIC|title=Fragonard|last=Rosenberg|first=Pierre|date=1 January 1988|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|isbn=978-0-87099-516-3|language=en}}</ref><ref name="birth certificate">
{{cite book
|author = Edmond and Jules de Goncourt
|author-link = Goncourt brothers
|title = L'Art du XVIIIe siècle
|volume = III
|chapter = Fragonard
|page = 241
|publisher = G. Charpentier
|date = 1881–1882
|isbn = 978-2-35548-008-9
|chapter-url = http://www.freres-goncourt.fr/frago2003/Goncnotes.htm#note1
|access-date = 1 June 2009
|quote = Voici l'acte de naissance de Fragonard, dont M. Sénequier veut bien nous envoyer la copie prise par lui sur les registres conservés à la mairie de Grasse : Année mille sept cent trente-deux. Le sixième avril, a été baptisé Jean-Honoré Fragonard, né le jour précédent, fils du sieur François, marchand, et de demoiselle Françoise Petit, son épouse; le parrain : sieur Jean-Honoré Fragonard, son aïeul, et la marraine demoiselle Gabrielle Petit, sa tante, tous de cette paroisse. Signé qui a su : Fragonard, Fragonard, Martin, curé.
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081119170801/http://www.freres-goncourt.fr/frago2003/Goncnotes.htm#note1
|archive-date = 19 November 2008
}} (birth/baptism certificate)
</ref> – 22 August 1806) was a French painter and [[printmaker]] whose late [[Rococo]] manner was distinguished by remarkable facility, exuberance, and [[hedonism]]. One of the most prolific artists active in the last decades of the [[Ancien Régime]], Fragonard produced more than 550 paintings (not counting drawings and [[etching]]s), of which only five are dated. Among his most popular works are [[genre painting]]s conveying an atmosphere of intimacy and veiled [[eroticism]].

==Biography==
[[File:FragonardGrasse.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Statue of Fragonard in [[Grasse]], his birthplace]]
[[File:Jean-Honoré Fragonard - Cabra-cega.jpg|thumbnail|Jean-Honoré Fragonard, ''[[Blind Man's Buff (Fragonard, 1775–1780)|Blindman's Buff]]'', 1775–1780, [[Timken Museum of Art]], San Diego]]

Jean-Honoré Fragonard was born in [[Grasse]], [[Alpes-Maritimes]], [[France]] the only child of François Fragonard, a glover, and Françoise Petit.<ref name="histoire en marche">
{{cite magazine
|first= Philippe
|last= Houël de Chaulieu
|title= L'histoire en marche; Anniversaire: Jean-Honoré Fragonard
|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=105cAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA570
|magazine=[[Intermédiaire des chercheurs et curieux]]
|number=644
|issn= 0994-4532
|date= May 2006
|access-date=9 May 2009
|pages= 571–574
}}
</ref><ref name="Harrison">Harrison, Colin (2003). "Fragonard, Jean-Honoré". Grove Art Online. Retrieved March 2024.</ref>
Fragonard was apprenticed to a Paris [[notary]] when his father's circumstances became strained through unsuccessful speculations, but showed such talent and inclination for art that he was taken at the age of eighteen to [[François Boucher]]. Boucher recognized the youth's rare gifts but, disinclined to waste his time with one so inexperienced, sent him to [[Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin|Chardin]]'s [[atelier]]. Fragonard studied for a short time with Chardin then returned more fully equipped to Boucher, whose style he soon acquired so completely that the master entrusted him with the execution of replicas of his paintings.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=772}}

Though not yet a student of the [[French Academy in Rome|Academy]], Fragonard gained the [[Prix de Rome]] in 1752 with a painting of ''[[Jeroboam Sacrificing to Idols]]'', but before proceeding to Rome he continued to study for three years under [[Charles-André van Loo]].<ref name="Harrison"/> In the year preceding his departure he painted the ''Christ washing the Feet of the Apostles'' now at [[Grasse Cathedral]]. In December 1756, he took up his abode at the [[French Academy in Rome]], then presided over by [[Charles-Joseph Natoire]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=772}}<ref name="Harrison"/>

While at Rome, Fragonard contracted a friendship with a fellow painter [[Hubert Robert]]. In 1760, they toured Italy together, executing numerous sketches of local scenery. It was in these romantic gardens, with their fountains, grottoes, temples and terraces, that Fragonard conceived the dreams which he was subsequently to render in his art. He also learned to admire the masters of the Dutch and Flemish schools ([[Peter Paul Rubens|Rubens]], [[Frans Hals|Hals]], [[Rembrandt]], [[Jacob van Ruisdael|Ruisdael]]), imitating their loose and vigorous brushstrokes. Added to this influence was the deep impression made upon his mind by the florid sumptuousness of [[Giovanni Battista Tiepolo]], whose works he had an opportunity to study in Venice before he returned to Paris in 1761.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=773}}

In 1765 his ''[[Coresus Sacrificing Himself to Save Callirhoe]]'' secured his admission to the Academy. It was made the subject of a pompous (though not wholly serious) eulogy by [[Denis Diderot]], and was bought by the king, who had it reproduced at the [[Gobelins manufactory|Gobelins]] factory. Until this time Fragonard had hesitated between religious, classic and other subjects; but now the demand of the wealthy art patrons of [[Louis XV of France|Louis XV]]'s pleasure-loving and licentious court turned him definitely towards those scenes of love and voluptuousness, which are only made acceptable by the tender beauty of his color and the virtuosity of his facile brushwork; such works include the ''[[Blind Man's Bluff (Fragonard, 1750)|Blind Man's Bluff]]'' (''Le collin maillard''),<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite journal | last1 = Milam | first1 = Jennifer | issn = 0141-6790 | title = Fragonard and the blindman's game: Interpreting representations of Blindman's Buff. | journal = Art History | volume = 21 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–25 | year = 1998 | doi=10.1111/1467-8365.00090}}</ref> ''Serment d'amour'' (Love Vow), ''Le Verrou'' ([[The Bolt (Fragonard)|The Bolt]]), ''La Culbute'' (The Tumble), ''La Chemise enlevée'' ([[The Raised Chemise]]), and ''[[The Swing (Fragonard)|L'escarpolette]]'' (The Swing, [[Wallace Collection]]), and his decorations for the apartments of [[Madame du Barry|Mme du Barry]] and the dancer [[Madeleine Guimard]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=773}} The portrait of Diderot (1769) has recently had its attribution to Fragonard called into question.{{Citation needed|date=February 2024}}
[[File:Chaumiére Italienne.jpg|thumb|left|Early engraving after Jean-Honoré Fragonard titled ''Chaumiére Italienne''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chaumiére Italienne|url=https://lib.ugent.be/viewer/archive.ugent.be:9FF85302-D143-11E7-9D8C-0D306EE4309A#?c=&m=&s=&cv=&xywh=-2211,0,8986,3769|access-date=5 October 2020|website=lib.ugent.be}}</ref>]]

A lukewarm response to these series of ambitious works induced Fragonard to abandon the Rococo style and to experiment with [[Neoclassicism]]. He married [[Marie-Anne Fragonard|Marie-Anne Gérard]], herself a painter of miniatures,<ref name="Monsieur Fragonard">{{Cite magazine | last1 = Ferrand | first1 = Franck | issn = 0895-3651 | title = Monsieur Fragonard. | magazine = France Today | volume = 23 | issue = 2 | pages = 30–31 | year = 2008 }}</ref> (1745–1823) on 17 June 1769 and had a daughter, [[Rosalie Fragonard]] (1769–1788), who became one of his favourite models. In October 1773, he again went to Italy with Pierre-Jacques Onézyme Bergeret de Grancourt and his son, Pierre-Jacques Bergeret de Grancourt. In September 1774, he returned through [[Vienna]], [[Prague]], [[Dresden]], [[Frankfurt]] and [[Strasbourg]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2024}}

Back in Paris [[Marguerite Gérard]], his wife's 14-year-old sister, became his student and assistant in 1778. In 1780, he had a son, [[Alexandre-Évariste Fragonard]] (1780–1850), who eventually became a talented painter and sculptor. The [[French Revolution]] deprived Fragonard of his private patrons: they were either [[guillotine]]d or exiled. The neglected painter deemed it prudent to leave Paris in 1790 and found shelter in the house of his cousin [[Alexandre Maubert]] at Grasse, which he decorated with the series of decorative panels known as the ''Les progrès de l'amour dans le cœur d'une jeune fille'',<ref>Also known as "''Roman d'amour de la jeunesse''".</ref> originally painted for [[Château du Barry]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://myhomepage.ferris.edu/~norcrosa/18thcwebsite/articles/fragonard_proglove.pdf |title=The True Path of Fragonard's 'Progress of Love' |author=Donald Posner |publisher=[[Burlington Magazine]] |date=August 1972 |access-date=21 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110180353/http://myhomepage.ferris.edu/~norcrosa/18thcwebsite/articles/fragonard_proglove.pdf |archive-date=10 January 2014 }}</ref>
[[File:Fragonard - swing.jpg|thumb|''[[The Swing (Fragonard)|The Swing]]'' (French: {{lang|fr|L'escarpolette}}), 1767, [[Wallace Collection]], London]]

== Reputation ==
For half a century or more, Fragonard was so completely ignored that [[Wilhelm Lübke]]'s 1873 art history volume omits mention of his name.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/36104/36104-h/36104-h.htm|title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume X Slice VII – Fox, George to France.|website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Later re-evaluations have re-identified his position among the all-time masters of French painting. The influence of his handling of local colour and expressive, confident brushstroke on the [[Impressionists]] (particularly his grand niece, [[Berthe Morisot]], and [[Pierre-Auguste Renoir|Renoir]]) is undoubtable. Fragonard's paintings, alongside those of [[François Boucher]], seem to sum up an era.<ref>[http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/fragonard/ "Fragonard, Jean-Honoré"], WebMuseum, Paris. Retrieved 22 June 2014.</ref>

One of Fragonard's most renowned paintings is ''[[The Swing (Fragonard)|The Swing]]'', also known as ''The Happy Accidents of the Swing'' (its original title), an [[oil painting]] in the [[Wallace Collection]] in London. It is considered to be one of the masterpieces of the [[rococo]] era, and is Fragonard's best-known work.<ref>Ingamells, John, ''The Wallace Collection, Catalogue of Pictures, Vol III, French before 1815'', 165, Wallace Collection, 1989, {{ISBN|978-0-900785-35-1}},</ref> The painting portrays a young gentleman concealed in the bushes, observing a lady on swing being pushed by her spouse, who is standing in the background, hidden in the shadows, as he is unaware of the affair. As the lady swings forward, the young man gets a glimpse under her dress.
According to [[Charles Collé]]'s memoirs<ref name="colle">
{{cite book
|title= Journal et mémoires de Charles Collé sur les hommes de lettres, les ouvrages dramatiques et les événements les plus mémorables du règne de Louis XV (1748–1772)
|volume= III
|last= Collé
|first= Charles
|author-link= Charles Collé
|year=1868
|publisher= Firmin Didot Frères, Fils et Cie
|location= Paris
|pages= 165–166
|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=9ZBcAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA165
}}
</ref> a young nobleman<ref name="saint-julien">
Although his identity was not unveiled by Collé, it has been thought that it was Marie-François-David Bollioud de Saint-Julien, baron of Argental (1713–1788), best known as Baron de Saint-Julien, the then [[tax collector|Receiver General]] of the French Clergy. However there is little evidence for this, according to Ingamells, 163–164.</ref> had requested this portrait of his mistress seated on a swing. He asked first [[Gabriel François Doyen]] to make this painting of him and his mistress. Not comfortable with this frivolous work, Doyen refused and passed on the commission to Fragonard.<ref name="colle"/>

{{clear}}

== References within art and literature ==
Fragonard's art finds itself embedded within writer's stories, as within the text ''[[The Great Gatsby]]'' by [[F. Scott Fitzgerald]] there is a portion in the story in which Peter L. Hays in the article "Fitzgerald and Fragonard"<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hays |first=Peter L. |date=May 2006 |title=Fitzgerald and Fragonard |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3200/ANQQ.19.3.27-30 |journal=ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes and Reviews |language=en |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=27–30 |doi=10.3200/ANQQ.19.3.27-30 |issn=0895-769X|url-access=subscription }}</ref> states that Fitzgerald alludes to Fragonard's paintings both implied and explicitly. The first art piece Fitzgerald alludes to is ''[[The Swing (Fragonard)|The Swing]]'', as the character Nick within ''[[The Great Gatsby]]'' as he describes what he sees as women swinging in Versailles while a man looks up the skirt of a woman. The is the explicit description that Fitzgerald gives the readers as a clue that alludes to Jean-Honoré Fragonard's painting ''[[The Swing (Fragonard)|The Swing.]]'' Hays also claims that [[F. Scott Fitzgerald]] is alluding to a second painting of Fragonard which is his rendering of [[Étienne Maurice Falconet|Etienne Maurice Falconet]]'s "Cupid the Admonisher" in which Cupid is seen with his finger on his lips referencing the clandestine nature of what the character Nick in ''The Great Gatsby'' is looking at. This is because the man that is seen in ''The Swing'' has a perfect view of the young woman's underside of her dress.

[[Octave Mirbeau]]'s short story ''The Little Summer-House'' in the collective book "French Decadent Tales" by [[Stephen Romer]] directly references Fragonard's art pieces when an unnamed character is taken into a bathroom and is stuck between two emotions disapproval or pleasure.

Fragonard's art also finds itself within not only stories, but poems as well. The poem ''The Lamentation of the Old Pensioner'' by [[W. B. Yeats|William Butler Yeats]], in which he uses the description of a broken tree and a woman that turns her face as another allusion to Fragonard's ''[[The Swing (Fragonard)|The Swing]]'' once again,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.poetry-archive.com/y/the_lamentation_of_the_old_pensioner.html|title=The Lamentation of the Old Pensioner, by William Butler Yeats|website=www.poetry-archive.com}}</ref> as the branch the woman uses to swing on is broken and facing the viewer.

Fragonard's art finds itself in a poem passage ''[[The Waste Land]]'' written by [[T. S. Eliot|T.S Eliot]] which visually depicts the "carvéd dolphin" surmounted by winged cupids in Fragonard’s ''Progress of Love: The Pursuit''.

Fragonard is also referenced in a novel written by [[Milan Kundera]] ''Slowness'' which talks about Fragonards paintings ''Progress of Love'', which shows the progress of love, from pursuing, love letters, and crowning the lover, which shows the slowness of pursuing a lover.
There have also been many artistic installations inspired Fragonard's work, some including actual recreations of his paintings come to life. The Swing (After Fragonard) is a 2001 exhibit that physically recreates Fragonard's ''[[The Swing (Fragonard)|The Swing]]'', creating a real life exhibit of the famous scene of the girl swinging. Artist [[Yinka Shonibare|Yinka Shonibare CBE]] puts his own spin on Fragonard's work, such as using a mannequin wearing a dress made of frilly African print fabric, or choosing to not give the mannequin a head or face. He also keeps the background a neutral white with wooden flooring, which contrasts the bright colors of the dress, and the many flowers he plants at the base of the exhibit. He keeps the flying shoe as seen in the actual painting, as well as the suggestive and upbeat pose of a girl swinging midair, ensuring that the sculpture still closely reflects Fragonard's ''[[The Swing (Fragonard)|The Swing]]'', even with the different renditions of [[Yinka Shonibare|Shonibare]].

Artist [[Cy Twombly]] also references Fragonard in his 1928 painting "Untitled." He takes elements of Fragonard's work and reinterprets them in his own abstract and expressive style. "Untitled" is an abstract piece made up of loose and energetic lines that portray motion and vigor. The palette of [[Cy Twombly|Twombly]]'s painting is close to the famous work of Fragonard in that it uses light and airy colors, while representing a sort of sexual and provocative energy.

== Work ==
{{main|List of works by Fragonard}}
<gallery widths="200" heights="200" perrow="4" caption="Jean-Honoré Fragonard>
File:Jean-Honoré Fragonard - Jeroboam Offering Sacrifice for the Idol - WGA08049.jpg|''[[Jeroboam Sacrificing to Idols|Jeroboam Offering Sacrifice for the Idol]]'', 1752, [[Beaux-Arts de Paris]], Paris
File:Jean-Honoré Fragonard - Blind-Man’s Buff - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Blind Man's Bluff (Fragonard, 1750)|Blind Man's Bluff]]'', 1750–1752, [[Toledo Museum of Art]], [[Toledo, Ohio|Toledo]], Ohio
File:Fragonard, The See-Saw.jpg|''[[The See-Saw (c. 1750-1752)|The See-Saw]]'', 1750–1752, [[Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum]], Madrid
File:Fragonnard Naissance de Vénus.JPG|''[[The Birth of Venus (Fragonard)|The Birth of Venus]]'', 1753–1755, [[Musée Grobet-Labadié]], Marseille
File:Jean Honoré Fragonard - The Grape Gatherer - 71.391 - Detroit Institute of Arts.jpg|''The Grape Gatherer,'' 1754–1755, [[Detroit Institute of Arts|Detroit Institute of Art]], [[Detroit]], Michigan
File:Fragonard musical.jpg|''[[The Musical Contest (Fragonard)|The Musical Contest]]'', 1754–55, [[Wallace Collection]], London
File:Jean-Honoré Fragonard - Aurora Triumphing over Night - 2013.62 - Museum of Fine Arts.jpg|''Aurora Triumphing over Night'', c. 1755–56, [[Museum of Fine Arts, Boston]]<ref>[https://collections.mfa.org/objects/569519/aurora-triumphing-over-night?ctx=e5c870ac-ec5d-4b62-87fd-60062d98e66b&idx=0 ''Aurora Triumphing over Night'']</ref>
File:Fragonard coresus sacrificing himselt to save callirhoe.jpg|''[[Coresus Sacrificing himself to Save Callirhoe]]'', 1765, [[Louvre]], Paris
File:Jean-Honoré Fragonard - El sacrificio de Caliroe - Google Art Project.jpg|''Callirhoe's Sacrifice''. [[Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando]], [[Madrid]]. (''ricordo'' from the large ''Coresus and Callirhoë'')<ref>{{Cite web|last=Fernando|first=Real Academia de BBAA de San|title=Fragonard, Jean Honoré - El sacrificio de Caliroe|url=https://www.academiacolecciones.com/pinturas/inventario.php?id=0710|access-date=2021-03-17|website=Academia Colecciones|language=es}}</ref>
File:Las bañistas, por Jean-Honoré Fragonard.JPG|''[[The Bathers (Fragonard)|The Bathers]]'', c. 1765, [[Louvre]], Paris
File:Jean-Honoré Fragonard - Inspiration.jpg|''Inspiration'', 1769, [[Louvre]], Paris
File:Denisdiderot.jpg|''Portrait of a Man'', the so-called ''[[Denis Diderot]],'' 1769, [[Louvre]], Paris
File:Fragonard - François-Henri d'Harcourt.jpg|''Portrait of [[François-Henri d'Harcourt]]'', c. 1769, [[Accademia Carrara di Belle Arti di Bergamo]], Bergamo
File:Jean Honore Fragonard The Love Letter.jpg|''[[The Love Letter (Fragonard)|The Love Letter]]'', 1770, [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], New York<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jean Honoré Fragonard {{!}} The Love Letter |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/436322 |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=The Metropolitan Museum of Art |language=en}}</ref>
File:1770 Fragonard Maedchen mit Hund anagoria.jpg|''[[La Gimblette]],'' c. 1770, [[Alte Pinakothek]], Munich
File:Jean-Honoré Fragonard - Les Progrès de l'amour - Le rendez-vous - Google Art Project.jpg|''The Secret Meeting,'' 1771, (former collection of [[Madame Du Barry]]), [[Frick Collection]], New York
File:Jean Honoré Fragonard, The Visit to the Nursery, c. 1775, NGA 32685.jpg|''[[The Visit to the Nursery]]'', c. 1775, [[National Gallery of Art]], Washington, D.C.
File:Fragonard, The Reader.jpg|''[[A Young Girl Reading]]'', c. 1776, [[National Gallery of Art]], Washington, D.C.
File:FRAGONARDsisters.jpg|''The Two Sisters'', after 1778, [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]. New York<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jean Honoré Fragonard {{!}} The Two Sisters |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/436326 |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=The Metropolitan Museum of Art |language=en}}</ref>
File:Jean-Honoré Fragonard - The Stolen Kiss.jpg|''[[The Stolen Kiss (Fragonard)|The Stolen Kiss]]'', late 1780s, [[Hermitage Museum]], Saint Petersburg
File:The Beautiful Servant (Jean-Honoré Fragonard) - Nationalmuseum - 22465.tif|''The Beautiful Servant'', [[Nationalmuseum]], Stockholm
File:Fragonard Woman w Dog 1769 MMA.jpg|''[[The Woman With A Dog]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 17, 2018 |title=1769 – JEAN HONORE FRAGONARD, A WOMAN WITH A DOG |url=https://fashionhistory.fitnyc.edu/1769-fragonard-woman-dog/ |access-date=March 14, 2024 |website=Fashion History Timeline}}</ref> after 1760, found in The Metropolitan Museum of Art
File:Fragonard modele.jpg|''[[Les Débuts du modèle|Les Débuts du Modèle]]'' Or Model's First Lesson, 1770, found in Musée Jacquemart-André
File:P1110627Wallraf museum J.H. Fragonard Le chat angora WRM3652 rwk.JPG|''Le Chat angora'' (c. 1783–1785), [[Wallraf-Richartz Museum]].
</gallery>

== Recent exhibitions ==
* [http://www.clarkart.edu/exhibitions/fragonard/content/exhibition.cfm ''Consuming Passion : Fragonard's Allegories of Love''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303174712/https://www.clarkart.edu/exhibitions/fragonard/content/exhibition.cfm |date=3 March 2020 }} – Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute, Williamstown, MA, from 28 October 2007 to 21 January 2008.
* [http://www.musee-jacquemart-andre.com/en/jacquemart/177-events/?displayType=DetailALaUne&eventId=194 ''Fragonard''] – Jacquemart-André Museum, Paris, from 3 October 2007 to 13 January 2008.
* [http://www.latribunedelart.com/Expositions/Expositions_2007/Fragonard_Barcelone_578.htm ''Fragonard. Origines et influences. De Rembrandt au XXIe siècle''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091129131305/http://www.latribunedelart.com/Expositions/Expositions_2007/Fragonard_Barcelone_578.htm |date=29 November 2009 }} – Caixa Forum, Barcelona, from 10 November 2006 to 11 February 2007.
* ''Les Fragonard de Besançon'', [[Musée des Beaux-Arts et d'archéologie de Besançon]], from 8 December 2006 to 2 April 2007: [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092757/http://www.besancon.fr/index.php?p=667&art_id=2408&detailId=4403 Official website]
* ''Jean-Honoré Fragonard, dessins du Louvre'', [[Musée du Louvre]], Paris, from 3 December 2003 to 8 March 2004.
* ''Fragonard amoureux'', [[Musée du Luxembourg]], Paris, from 16 September 2015 to 24 January 2016: [https://web.archive.org/web/20151105011915/http://museeduluxembourg.fr/expositions/fragonard-amoureux-galant-et-libertin Official website]
* ''[https://www.nortonsimon.org/exhibitions/2010-2019/fragonard-s-enterprise-the-artist-and-the-literature-of-travel/ Fragonard’s Enterprise: The Artist and the Literature of Travel]'' – Norton Simon Museum, Pasadena, from 17 September 2015 to 4 January 2016.

==See also==
*[[Honoré Fragonard]]
*[[History of painting]]
*[[Western painting]]
*''[[Jeroboam Sacrificing to Idols]]''

==References and sources==

===References===
{{reflist|30em}}

===Sources===
'''Books'''
*{{EB1911|wstitle=Fragonard, Jean-Honoré |volume=10|pages=772–773}}
*{{cite book
|author = Edmond and Jules de Goncourt
|author-link = Goncourt brothers
|title = L'Art du XVIIIe siècle
|volume = III
|chapter = Fragonard
|page = 241
|publisher = G. Charpentier
|date = 1881–1882
|isbn = 978-2-35548-008-9
|chapter-url = http://www.freres-goncourt.fr/frago2003/Gonctexte.htm
|access-date = 10 May 2009
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081119170747/http://www.freres-goncourt.fr/frago2003/Gonctexte.htm
|archive-date = 19 November 2008
}}
*{{cite book
| author= Eva-Gesine Baur
| title= Rococo
| publisher= Taschen
| year= 2007
| isbn= 978-3-8228-5306-1
}}
*{{cite book
| author= Jean Montague Massengale
| title= Jean-Honore Fragonard
| publisher= Harry N. Abrams, Inc.
| year= 1993
| isbn= 978-0-8109-3313-2
}}

'''Articles and webpages'''
*{{Cite journal | last1 = Lajer-Burcharth | first1 = Ewa | issn = 1040-7391 | title = Fragonard in Detail | journal = Differences: A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies | volume = 14 | issue = 3 | pages = 34–56 | year = 2003 | doi=10.1215/10407391-14-3-34| s2cid = 144003749 }}
*{{Cite journal | last1 = Simon | first1 = Jonathan | issn = 0013-2586 | title = The Theater of Anatomy: The Anatomical Preparations of Honore Fragonard | journal = Eighteenth-Century Studies | volume = 36 | issue = 1 | pages = 63–79 | year = 2002 | doi=10.1353/ecs.2002.0066| s2cid = 162293464 }}
*{{Cite journal | last1 = Sheriff | first1 = Mary D. | issn = 0004-3079 | title = Invention, Resemblance, and Fragonard's Portraits de Fantaisie. | journal = Art Bulletin | volume = 69 | issue = 1 | pages = 77–87 | year = 1987 | doi = 10.1080/00043079.1987.10788403 }}
*{{Cite magazine | last1 = Ferrand | first1 = Franck | issn = 0895-3651 | title = Monsieur Fragonard. | magazine = France Today | volume = 23 | issue = 2 | pages = 30–31 | year = 2008 }}
*{{Cite magazine | last1 = McEwen | first1 = J. | issn = 0004-3214 | title = Fragonard: Rococo or romantic? | magazine = Art in America | volume = 76 | issue = 2 | pages = 84 | year = 1988 }}
*{{Cite journal | last1 = Milam | first1 = Jennifer | issn = 0141-6790 | title = Fragonard and the blindman's game: Interpreting representations of Blindman's Buff. | journal = Art History | volume = 21 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–25 | year = 1998 | doi=10.1111/1467-8365.00090}}
*{{Cite journal | last1 = Milam | first1 = Jennifer | issn = 0013-2586 | title = Playful Constructions and Fragonard's Swinging Scenes. | journal = Eighteenth-Century Studies | volume = 33 | issue = 4 | pages = 543–559 | year = 2000 | doi=10.1353/ecs.2000.0042| s2cid = 162283094 }}
* {{cite web | title=Cy Twombly, Untitled | website=The Guggenheim Museums and Foundation | date=10 February 2025 | url=https://www.guggenheim.org/artwork/4098 | access-date=11 February 2025}}
* {{cite web | title='The Swing (after Fragonard)', Yinka Shonibare CBE, 2001 | website=Tate | date=12 January 2022 | url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/shonibare-the-swing-after-fragonard-t07952 | access-date=11 February 2025}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book
| author= Dore Ashton
| title= Fragonard in the Universe of Painting
| publisher= Smithsonian Institution Press
| year= 1988
| isbn= 978-0-87474-208-4
| author-link= Dore Ashton
}}
*{{cite book
| author= Mary Sheriff
| title= Fragonard: Art and Eroticism
| publisher= The University of Chicago Press
| year= 1990
| isbn= 978-0-226-75273-0
| url-access= registration
| url= https://archive.org/details/fragonardarterot0000sher
| author-link= Mary Sheriff
}}
*{{cite book
| author= Jean-Pierre Cuzin
| title= Jean-Honore Fragonard: Life and Work. Complete Catalogue of the Oil Paintings
| publisher= Harry N. Abrams, Inc.
| year= 1988
| isbn= 978-0-8109-0949-6
}}
*{{cite book
| author= David Wakefield
| title= Fragonard
| publisher= Oresko Books
| location= London
| year= 1976
| isbn= 978-0-905368-01-6
}}
*{{cite book
| author = Georges Wildenstein
| author-link = Georges Wildenstein
| url = https://archive.org/details/paintingsoffrago0000frag
| title= The Paintings of Fragonard
| url-access = registration
| publisher= Phaidon
| year= 1960
}}
*{{cite book
| author= Martha Richler
| title= National Gallery of Art Washington ''A World of Art''
| chapter= 18th century
| publisher= Scala Publishers Ltd
| year= 1997
| isbn= 978-1-85759-187-3
| url-access= registration
| url= https://archive.org/details/worldofartnation0000rich
}}
* {{Cite book|last=Percival|first=Melissa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hy8rDwAAQBAJ|title=Fragonard and the Fantasy Figure: Painting the Imagination|publisher=Routledge|year=2017|isbn=978-1-4094-0137-7|location=London, New York|orig-year=2012|via=Google Books}}
*[[Milton W. Brown]], George R. Collins, Beatrice Farwell, Jane G. Mahler and [[Margaretta Salinger]], "Jean-Honoré Fragonard" in ''Encyclopedia of Painting: Painters and Paintings of the World from Prehistoric Times to the Present Day'', Myers S. Bernard (ed), Crown, 1955. pp182–83.

==External links==
{{external media | width = 210px | float = right | headerimage= | video1 = [http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/fragonard-the-meeting.html Fragonard's ''The Meeting''] | video2 = [https://latgale.academy/the-swing-meaning-symbolism/ Analysis of Fragonard's ''The Swing'']| video3 = [http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/videoDetails?segid=4163 Beneath the Painted Surface: Fragonard's ''Fountain of Love'']}}
{{Commons category-inline}}
*[http://www.wga.hu/frames-e.html?/bio/f/fragonar/father/biograph.html Web Gallery of Art: Jean-Honoré Fragonard]
*[http://www.artble.com/artists/jean-honore_fragonard Fragonard's Biography, Style and Artworks]
*[http://www.abcgallery.com/F/fragonard/fragonard.html Olga's Gallery]
*[http://www.thegreatcat.org/the-cat-in-art-and-photos-2/cats-in-art-18th-century/jean-honore-fragonard-1732-1806-french/ Jean-Honoré Fragonard's Cats]
*[http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/42118 Biography] at [http://www.gutenberg.org Project Gutenberg]
*{{OL author|553703A}}
*[http://www.nga.gov/content/ngaweb/Collection/artist-info.1316.html Fragonard works at the National Gallery of Art]
*[http://www.moreeuw.com/histoire-art/biographie-fragonard-peintre.htm Jean-Honoré Fragonard]

{{Jean-Honoré Fragonard|state=expanded}}
{{Authority control (arts)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fragonard, Jean-Honore}}
[[Category:Jean-Honoré Fragonard| ]]
[[Category:1732 births]]
[[Category:1806 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Grasse]]
[[Category:18th-century French painters]]
[[Category:French male painters]]
[[Category:19th-century French painters]]
[[Category:French printmakers]]
[[Category:Rococo painters]]
[[Category:Prix de Rome for painting]]
[[Category:École des Beaux-Arts alumni]]
[[Category:18th-century French male artists]]