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{{Short description|Total lunar eclipse of January 31, 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox lunar eclipse
| type = total
| image = Lunar eclipse January 31 2018 California Alfredo Garcia Jr mideclipse.jpg
| caption = Totality as viewed from [[Lomita, California]]
| date = January 31, 2018
| gamma = -0.3014
| magnitude = 1.3155
| saros_ser = 124
| saros_no = 49 of 74
| totality = 76 minutes, 4 seconds
| partiality = 202 minutes, 44 seconds
| penumbral = 317 minutes, 12 seconds
| p1 = 10:51:15
| u1 = 11:48:27
| u2 = 12:51:47
| greatest = 13:29:50
| u3 = 14:07:51
| u4 = 15:11:11
| p4 = 16:08:27
| previous = August 2017
| next = July 2018
}}
A total [[lunar eclipse]] occurred at the Moon’s [[Lunar node|ascending node]] of orbit on Wednesday, January 31, 2018,<ref>{{cite web|title=January 31–February 1, 2018 Total Lunar Eclipse (Blood Moon)|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/eclipse/lunar/2018-january-31|publisher=timeanddate|access-date=17 November 2024}}</ref> with an umbral [[Magnitude of eclipse|magnitude]] of 1.3155. A lunar eclipse occurs when the [[Moon]] moves into the [[Earth's shadow]], causing the Moon to be darkened. A total lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon's near side entirely passes into the Earth's umbral shadow. Unlike a [[solar eclipse]], which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the [[night]] side of Earth. A total lunar eclipse can last up to nearly two hours, while a total solar eclipse lasts only a few minutes at any given place, because the Moon's [[Umbra, penumbra and antumbra|shadow]] is smaller. Occurring about 1.4 days after [[Apsis|perigee]] (on January 30, 2018, at 4:55 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.<ref>{{cite web|title=Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/astronomy/moon/distance.html?year=2018&n=136|publisher=timeanddate|access-date=17 November 2024}}</ref>

Because the [[Moon]] was near its perigee on January 30, it may be described as a "[[supermoon]]", when the Moon's distance from the Earth is less than 360,000 km (223,694 miles). The previous supermoon lunar eclipse was on [[September 2015 lunar eclipse|September 28, 2015]].<ref name="earthsky" /> The Moon was 360,202 km (223,819 mi) from the Earth. This eclipse also coincided with a [[blue moon]], which occurs when there are two full moons in the same calendar month, or if there are four full moons in the same season (third of four is blue moon). As this supermoon was also a blue moon (the second [[full moon]] in a calendar month), it was referred to as a "super blue blood moon"; "blood" refers to the typical red color of the Moon during a total lunar eclipse. This event was called a 'Trifecta'.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/super-blue-blood-moon-coming-jan-31 |title='Super Blue Blood Moon' Coming Jan. 31, 2018 |date=January 18, 2018 |publisher=NASA |access-date=February 1, 2018}}</ref> This coincidence last occurred on [[December 1982 lunar eclipse|December 30, 1982]] for the [[eastern hemisphere]],<ref>Blue moon, based on the previous full moon, was either on November 30 or December 1, 1982, based on time zones.</ref> and otherwise before that on [[List of 19th-century lunar eclipses#1866|March 31, 1866]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180129221332/https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2018/01/super-blue-blood-moon-explained-space-astronomy-science/ Rare 'Super Blue Blood Moon' Coming—First in 35 Years], [[National Geographic]], January 29, 2018</ref><ref name="Space.com Mathewson">{{cite web |last=Mathewson |first=Samantha |url=https://www.space.com/39532-super-blue-blood-moon-occurs-wednesday.html |title=The Super Blue Blood Moon Wednesday Is Something the US Hasn't Seen Since 1866 |website=Space.com |date=January 30, 2018 |access-date=February 1, 2018}}</ref> The next occurrence will be on [[January 2037 lunar eclipse|January 31, 2037]], one [[metonic cycle]] (19 years) later.

== Background ==
{{main|Lunar eclipse}}

A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes within Earth's [[umbra]] (shadow). As the eclipse begins, Earth's shadow first darkens the Moon slightly. Then, the shadow begins to "cover" part of the Moon, turning it a dark red-brown color (typically – the color can vary based on atmospheric conditions). The Moon appears to be reddish because of [[Rayleigh scattering]] (the same effect that causes sunsets to appear reddish) and the refraction of that light by Earth's atmosphere into its umbra.<ref>{{cite web |title=Visual Appearance of Lunar Eclipses |work=NASA |author=Fred Espenak |author2=Jean Meeus|name-list-style=amp |url=http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/LEcat5/appearance.html |access-date=April 13, 2014}}</ref>

The following simulation shows the approximate appearance of the Moon passing through Earth's shadow. The northern portion of the Moon is closest to the center of the shadow, making it darkest and reddest in appearance.

[[File:Animation_January_18_2018_lunar_eclipse_appearance.gif|480px]]

=== "Super blue blood moon" ===
This was a "[[supermoon]]", as the Moon was near to its closest distance to earth in its elliptical orbit, making it 7% larger in [[apparent diameter]] or 14% larger in area, than an average full moon. The previous supermoon lunar eclipse was during the [[September 2015 lunar eclipse]].<ref name="earthsky">[http://earthsky.org/tonight/super-blue-moon-eclipse-on-january-31 Super Blue Moon eclipse on January 31], Earthsky.org, January 30, 2018</ref>

The full moon of January 31, 2018 was the second full moon that calendar month (in most time zones), making it, under one definition of the term, a "[[blue moon]]".

Additionally referencing the orange or red "blood" colors that occur during a lunar eclipse, media sources described the event as a "super blue blood Moon".<ref name="BBC_sbbm">{{cite news |last1=Gill |first1=Victoria |title=Skywatchers see 'super blue blood Moon' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-42817785 |access-date=1 February 2018 |work=BBC News |date=31 January 2018}}</ref>

== Characteristics ==
=== Visibility ===
The [[Pacific Ocean]] was turned toward the Moon at the time of the eclipse. [[Central Asia|Central]] and [[eastern Asia]] (including most of [[Siberia]]), [[Philippines]], [[Indonesia]], [[New Zealand]] and most of [[Australia]] got a good view of this moon show in the evening sky. For [[Western Asia]], the [[Indian subcontinent]], the [[Middle East]] and [[Eastern Europe]], the eclipse was underway as the moon rose.<ref name="Space.com Rao">{{Cite news |last=Rao |first=Joe |url=https://www.space.com/39241-first-blue-moon-total-eclipse-150-years.html |title=First Blue Moon Total Lunar Eclipse in 150 Years Coming This Month |website=Space.com |access-date=2018-01-02}}</ref>

Along the U.S. [[West Coast of the United States|West Coast]], the total phase began at 4:51 a.m. PST. The further east, the closer the start of the partial phases coincided with moonset. Along the U.S. [[Atlantic Seaboard]], for instance, the Moon had only just begun to enter the darkest part of Earth's shadow, the umbra, at 6:48 a.m. EST when it disappeared from view below the west-northwest horizon. The duration of the total phase was 77 minutes, with the Moon tracking through the southern part of the Earth's shadow. During totality, the Moon's lower limb appeared brighter than the dark upper limb.<ref name="Space.com Rao"/>

{| class=wikitable
|[[File:Lunar eclipse from moon-2018Jan31.png|315px]] [[File:Lunar eclipse chart close-2018Jan31.png|315px]]
|- align=center
|[[File:Visibility Lunar Eclipse 2018-01-31.png|640px]] Visibility map
|}

=== Timing ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+Event timing by time zone
!Eclipse
![[Hawaii Time Zone|HST]]
![[Alaska Time Zone|AKST]]
![[Pacific Time Zone|PST]]
![[Mountain Time Zone|MST]]
![[Central Time Zone|CST]]
![[Eastern Time Zone|EST]]
![[UTC]]
![[Moscow Time|MSK]]
![[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
![[Indochina Time|ICT]]
![[China Standard Time|CST]]
![[Japan Standard Time|JST]]
![[Time in Australia#Daylight saving time (DST)|AEDT]]
![[Time in New Zealand#Daylight saving time (DST)|NZDT]]
|- align=left
!Zone from UTC
! −10 h
! −9 h
! −8 h
! −7 h
! −6 h
! −5 h
! 0 h
! +3 h
! +5½ h
! +7 h
! +8 h
! +9 h
! +11 h
! +13 h
|-
|Penumbral eclipse begins
|00:51
|01:51
|02:51
|03:51
|04:51
|05:51
!10:51
|13:51
| —
|17:51
|18:51
|19:51
|21:51
|23:51
|-
|Partial eclipse begins
|01:48
|02:48
|03:48
|04:48
|05:48
|06:48
!11:48
|14:48
|17:18
|18:48
|19:48
|20:48
|22:48
|00:48
|-
|Total eclipse begins
|02:52
|03:52
|04:52
|05:52
|06:52
| —
!12:52
|15:52
|18:22
|19:52
|20:52
|21:52
|23:52
|01:52
|-
|Mid-eclipse
|03:30
|04:30
|05:30
|06:30
| —
| —
!13:30
|16:30
|19:00
|20:30
|21:30
|22:30
|00:30
|02:30
|--
|Total eclipse ends
|04:08
|05:08
|06:08
|07:08
| —
| —
!14:08
|17:08
|19:38
|21:08
|22:08
|23:08
|01:08
|03:08
|-
|Partial eclipse ends
|05:11
|06:11
|07:11
| —
| —
| —
!15:11
|18:11
|20:41
|22:11
|23:11
|00:11
|02:11
|04:11
|-
|Penumbral eclipse ends
|06:08
|07:08
| —
| —
| —
| —
!16:08
|19:08
|21:38
|23:08
|00:08
|01:08
|03:08
|05:08
|}
<gallery widths="800" heights="200">
File:Lunar eclipse of 2018 January 31 (Montage s4).jpg|Example in [[Aichi Prefecture]], [[Japan]]: {{olist |Penumbral [[lunar eclipse]] 20:23 (JST) |Partial lunar eclipse 21:13 (JST) |Partial lunar eclipse 21:43 (JST) |Total lunar eclipse (blood moon) 21:55 (JST)}}
</gallery>

== Gallery ==
=== North America ===
<gallery>
File:MG 3167.CR2 (25133363417).jpg|[[Fayetteville, North Carolina]], 11:36 UTC
File:180131-N-GO855-020 (40081843921).jpg|Partial from [[Naval Base Point Loma]], California
File:Super Blue Blood Moon 2018 (26137638178).jpg|[[Melbourne, Florida]], 12:00 UTC
File:January 31, 2018 lunar eclipse - Jacksonville FL.jpg|[[Jacksonville, Florida]], 12:10 UTC
File:Partial Lunar Eclipse on 1-31-18 (26137564738).jpg|[[Macon, Georgia]], 12:11 UTC
File:MX TV ECLIPSE DE LUNA, TULA (25198113237).jpg|[[Tula, Tamaulipas]], 12:29 UTC
File:Lunar eclipse of 2018 January 31 in Houston (6).jpg|[[Houston, Texas]], 12:41 UTC
File:20180131 125101000 iOS (39432379265).jpg|[[Dallas, Texas]], 12:51 UTC
File:Lunar Eclipse 2018 1 31 (39105305775).jpg|Totality from [[Southern California]], 12:58 UTC
File:Lunar eclipse of 2018 January 31 in Denver.JPG|[[Denver, Colorado]], 12:59 UTC
File:In-camera double exposure Super Blue Blood Moon at Roosevelt Arch (40004267771).jpg|[[Yellowstone National Park]], 13:03 UTC
File:Bloodmoon (25136519267).jpg|[[Placitas, Sandoval County, New Mexico|Placitas, New Mexico]], 13:35 UTC
File:Super Blue Blood Moon (28224587179).jpg|[[Redwood City, California]], 13:43 UTC
File:Exsanguination (39982933632).jpg|[[Novato, California]], 14:13 UTC
File:Trifecta-Exit-Dawn-01-31-18.jpg|[[Landers, California]] at [[dawn]]
File:Trifecta Morning Mountain Moonset 01-31-2018.jpg|[[Joshua Tree, California]]
</gallery>

=== Asia and Middle East ===
<gallery>
File:Amazing Super Blue Blood Moon 2018.jpg|Partial from [[Ilagan, Isabela]]
File:Lunar eclipse (26131047528).jpg|[[Hiroshima, Japan]], 11:43 UTC
File:2018年1月31日の皆既月食 1.jpg|[[Shinjyuku, Tokyo]], 12:52 UTC
File:Lunar eclipse in Chiang Mai January 31 2018 B2P1260650.jpg|[[Chiang Mai, Thailand]], 12:57 UTC
File:Super blue blood moon (40004200211).jpg|[[Chōfu, Tokyo]], 13:22 UTC
File:Lunar eclipse 31 January 2018 21 50 57 Guangzhou China.jpg|[[Guangzhou, China]], 13:50 UTC
File:January 2018 Lunar Eclipse.jpg|[[Kerala, India]], 14:03 UTC
File:2018 01 31`5731-5750`v05`4500px (40190126321).jpg|[[Novosibirsk, Russia]], 14:06 UTC
File:Lunar eclipse in George Town, Penang on 31 January 2018.jpg|[[George Town, Malaysia]], 14:16 UTC
File:DSC 0179 Super Blue Blood Moon (39106943665).jpg|[[Singapore]], 14:32 UTC
File:Eclipse and Super blue blood moon 31.01.2018 DSCN9664.jpg|From [[Kuwait]] at moonrise, 15:03 UTC
File:Partial Lunar Eclipse of January 31st, 2018.jpg|[[Nanjing, China]], 15:10 UTC
File:Кровавая Луна.jpg|From [[Russian Far East]]
</gallery>

=== Oceania ===
<gallery>
File:Lunar Eclipse (39971126492).jpg|[[Lake Wendouree, Victoria]], 12:40 UTC
File:2018.01.31.23.49.24-Lunar eclipse (39865858205).jpg|[[Sydney, Australia]], 12:49 UTC
File:20180201 Chelsea, total lunar eclipse 4.jpg|[[Chelsea, Victoria]], 13:44 UTC
</gallery>

== Eclipse details ==
Shown below is a table displaying details about this particular lunar eclipse. It describes various parameters pertaining to this eclipse.<ref>{{cite web|title=Total Lunar Eclipse of 2018 Jan 31|url=https://eclipsewise.com/lunar/LEprime/2001-2100/LE2018Jan31Tprime.html|publisher=EclipseWise.com|access-date=17 November 2024}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable" align="{{{align|left}}}" style="margin:{{#ifeq:{{{align}}}|right|0 0 0.5em 1em|0 1em 0.5em 0}}"
|+January 31, 2018 Lunar Eclipse Parameters
! Parameter
! Value
|-
| Penumbral Magnitude
| 2.29538
|-
| Umbral Magnitude
| 1.31671
|-
| Gamma
| −0.30143
|-
| Sun Right Ascension
| 20h56m18.8s
|-
| Sun Declination
| -17°17'47.0"
|-
| Sun Semi-Diameter
| 16'14.0"
|-
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax
| 08.9"
|-
| Moon Right Ascension
| 08h56m05.0s
|-
| Moon Declination
| +16°59'44.2"
|-
| Moon Semi-Diameter
| 16'35.2"
|-
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax
| 1°00'52.6"
|-
| ΔT
| 68.8 s
|}
{{clear}}

== Eclipse season ==
{{See also|Eclipse cycle}}
This eclipse is part of an [[eclipse season]], a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a [[fortnight]].

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Eclipse season of January–February 2018
! January 31 Ascending node (full moon) !! [[Solar eclipse of February 15, 2018|February 15]] Descending node (new moon) 
|-
| [[File:Lunar eclipse chart close-2018Jan31.png|200px]] || [[File:SE2018Feb15P.png|200px]]
|- align=center
| [[Lunar eclipse#Types of lunar eclipse|Total lunar eclipse]] Lunar Saros 124 || [[Total eclipse#Types|Partial solar eclipse]] Solar Saros 150
|}

== Related eclipses ==
=== Eclipses in 2018 ===
* '''A total lunar eclipse on January 31.'''
* [[Solar eclipse of February 15, 2018|A partial solar eclipse on February 15]].
* [[Solar eclipse of July 13, 2018|A partial solar eclipse on July 13]].
* [[July 2018 lunar eclipse|A total lunar eclipse on July 27]].
* [[Solar eclipse of August 11, 2018|A partial solar eclipse on August 11]].

=== Metonic ===
* Preceded by: [[April 2014 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of April 15, 2014]]
* Followed by: [[November 2021 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of November 19, 2021]]

=== Tzolkinex ===
* Preceded by: [[December 2010 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of December 21, 2010]]
* Followed by: [[March 2025 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of March 14, 2025]]

=== Half-Saros ===
* Preceded by: [[Solar eclipse of January 26, 2009]]
* Followed by: [[Solar eclipse of February 6, 2027]]

=== Tritos ===
* Preceded by: [[March 2007 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of March 3, 2007]]
* Followed by: [[December 2028 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of December 31, 2028]]

=== Lunar Saros 124 ===
* Preceded by: [[January 2000 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of January 21, 2000]]
* Followed by: [[February 2036 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of February 11, 2036]]

=== Inex ===
* Preceded by: [[February 1989 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of February 20, 1989]]
* Followed by: [[January 2047 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of January 12, 2047]]

=== Triad ===
* Preceded by: [[April 1931 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of April 2, 1931]]
* Followed by: [[December 2104 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of December 2, 2104]]

=== Lunar eclipses of 2016–2020 ===
{{Lunar eclipse set 2016–2020}}

=== Saros 124 ===
{{Lunar Saros series 124}}

=== Tritos series ===
{{Lunar Tritos series March 2007}}

=== Inex series ===
{{Lunar Inex series January 2018}}

=== Half-Saros cycle ===
A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a [[Saros (astronomy)#Relationship between lunar and solar saros .28sar.29|half saros]]).<ref>Mathematical Astronomy Morsels, Jean Meeus, p.110, Chapter 18, ''The half-saros''</ref> This lunar eclipse is related to two annular solar eclipses of [[Solar Saros 131]].
{| class=wikitable
![[Solar eclipse of January 26, 2009|January 26, 2009]]
![[Solar eclipse of February 6, 2027|February 6, 2027]]
|-
|[[File:SE2009Jan26A.png|240px]]
|[[File:SE2027Feb06A.png|240px]]
|}

== See also ==
*[[List of lunar eclipses]]
*[[List of 21st-century lunar eclipses]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Lunar eclipse of 2018 January 31}}
* {{LEplot2001 link|2018|Jan|31|T}}
* [http://www.hermit.org/eclipse/2018-01-31/ Hermit eclipse: 2018-01-31]
* [http://www.lunareclipse2018.org LunarEclipse2018.org]

{{Lunar eclipses}}

[[Category:21st-century lunar eclipses|2018-01]]
[[Category:2018 in science]]
[[Category:January 2018 in Asia]]
[[Category:January 2018 in Oceania]]
[[Category:January 2018 in the United States]]

January 2018 lunar eclipse - Revision history

imported>BunnysBot: Fix CW Errors with GenFixes (T1)