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{{Short description|Penumbral lunar eclipse January 31, 1999}}
{{Infobox lunar eclipse
| type = penumbral
| image = Lunar eclipse chart close-1999Jan31.png
| caption = The Moon's hourly motion shown right to left
| date = January 31, 1999
| gamma = −1.0190
| magnitude = −0.0258
| saros_ser = 114
| saros_no = 58 of 71
| penumbral = 261 minutes, 41 seconds
| p1 = 14:06:38
| greatest = 16:17:31
| p4 = 18:28:20
| previous = September 1998
| next = July 1999
}}
A penumbral [[lunar eclipse]] occurred at the Moon’s [[Lunar node|ascending node]] of orbit on Sunday, January 31, 1999,<ref>{{cite web|title=January 31–February 1, 1999 Penumbral Lunar Eclipse|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/eclipse/lunar/1999-january-31|publisher=timeanddate|access-date=9 January 2025}}</ref> with an umbral [[Magnitude of eclipse|magnitude]] of −0.0258. It was a relatively rare [[total penumbral lunar eclipse]], with the Moon passing entirely within the penumbral shadow without entering the darker umbral shadow.<ref>[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1980JRASC..74..291M ''Total Penumbral Lunar Eclipses'', Jean Meeus, June 1980]</ref> A lunar eclipse occurs when the [[Moon]] moves into the [[Earth's shadow]], causing the Moon to be darkened. A penumbral lunar eclipse occurs when part or all of the Moon's near side passes into the Earth's penumbra. Unlike a [[solar eclipse]], which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the [[night]] side of Earth. Occurring about 4.8 days after [[Apsis|perigee]] (on January 26, 1999, at 21:25 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.<ref>{{cite web|title=Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/astronomy/moon/distance.html?year=1999&n=136|publisher=timeanddate|access-date=9 January 2025}}</ref>

== Visibility ==
The eclipse was completely visible over [[Asia]] and [[Australia]], seen rising over much of [[Africa]], [[Europe]], and the [[Middle East]] and setting over western [[North America]] and the central [[Pacific Ocean]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Penumbral Lunar Eclipse of 1999 Jan 31|url=https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/LEplot/LEplot1951/LE1999Jan31N.pdf|publisher=NASA|access-date=9 January 2025}}</ref>

{| class=wikitable
|[[File:Lunar eclipse from moon-1999Jan31.png|300px]] [[File:Lunar eclipse chart close-1999Jan31.png|300px]]
|}

== Gallery ==
[[File:Penumbral lunar eclipse 1999 jan 31.png|480px]] This simulated view compares this penumbral eclipse (left) to the full moon (right) as it appeared an hour before the eclipse.

== Eclipse details ==
Shown below is a table displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. It describes various parameters pertaining to this eclipse.<ref>{{cite web|title=Penumbral Lunar Eclipse of 1999 Jan 31|url=https://eclipsewise.com/lunar/LEprime/1901-2000/LE1999Jan31Nprime.html|publisher=EclipseWise.com|access-date=9 January 2025}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable" align="{{{align|left}}}" style="margin:{{#ifeq:{{{align}}}|right|0 0 0.5em 1em|0 1em 0.5em 0}}"
|+January 31, 1999 Lunar Eclipse Parameters
! Parameter
! Value
|-
| Penumbral Magnitude
| 1.00272
|-
| Umbral Magnitude
| −0.02583
|-
| Gamma
| −1.01898
|-
| Sun Right Ascension
| 20h55m10.7s
|-
| Sun Declination
| -17°22'34.0"
|-
| Sun Semi-Diameter
| 16'14.0"
|-
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax
| 08.9"
|-
| Moon Right Ascension
| 08h54m26.3s
|-
| Moon Declination
| +16°24'30.3"
|-
| Moon Semi-Diameter
| 15'47.0"
|-
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax
| 0°57'55.6"
|-
| ΔT
| 63.5 s
|}
{{clear}}

== Eclipse season ==
{{See also|Eclipse cycle}}
This eclipse is part of an [[eclipse season]], a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a [[fortnight]].

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Eclipse season of January–February 1999
! January 31 Ascending node (full moon) !! [[Solar eclipse of February 16, 1999|February 16]] Descending node (new moon) 
|-
| [[File:Lunar eclipse chart close-1999Jan31.png|200px]] || [[File:SE1999Feb16A.png|200px]]
|- align=center
| [[Lunar eclipse#Types of lunar eclipse|Penumbral lunar eclipse]] Lunar Saros 114 || [[Total eclipse#Types|Annular solar eclipse]] Solar Saros 140
|}

== Related eclipses ==
=== Eclipses in 1999 ===
* '''A penumbral lunar eclipse on January 31.'''
* [[Solar eclipse of February 16, 1999|An annular solar eclipse on February 16]].
* [[July 1999 lunar eclipse|A partial lunar eclipse on July 28]].
* [[Solar eclipse of August 11, 1999|A total solar eclipse on August 11]].

=== Metonic ===
* Preceded by: [[April 1995 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of April 15, 1995]]
* Followed by: [[November 2002 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of November 20, 2002]]

=== Tzolkinex ===
* Preceded by: [[December 1991 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of December 21, 1991]]
* Followed by: [[March 2006 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of March 14, 2006]]

=== Half-Saros ===
* Preceded by: [[Solar eclipse of January 26, 1990]]
* Followed by: [[Solar eclipse of February 7, 2008]]

=== Tritos ===
* Preceded by: [[March 1988 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of March 3, 1988]]
* Followed by: [[December 2009 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of December 31, 2009]]

=== Lunar Saros 114 ===
* Preceded by: [[January 1981 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of January 20, 1981]]
* Followed by: [[February 2017 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of February 11, 2017]]

=== Inex ===
* Preceded by: [[February 1970 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of February 21, 1970]]
* Followed by: [[January 2028 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of January 12, 2028]]

=== Triad ===
* Preceded by: [[April 1912 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of April 1, 1912]]
* Followed by: [[December 2085 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of December 1, 2085]]

=== Lunar eclipses of 1998–2002 ===
{{Lunar_eclipse_set_1998-2002}}

=== Saros 114 ===
{{Lunar Saros series 114}}

=== Tritos series ===
{{Lunar Tritos series December 2009}}

=== Inex series ===
{{Lunar Inex series January 2028}}

=== Half-Saros cycle ===
A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a [[Saros (astronomy)#Relationship between lunar and solar saros .28sar.29|half saros]]).<ref>Mathematical Astronomy Morsels, Jean Meeus, p.110, Chapter 18, ''The half-saros''</ref> This lunar eclipse is related to two annular solar eclipses of [[Solar Saros 121]].
{| class=wikitable
![[Solar eclipse of January 26, 1990|January 26, 1990]]
![[Solar eclipse of February 7, 2008|February 7, 2008]]
|-
|[[File:SE1990Jan26A.png|240px]]
|[[File:SE2008Feb07A.png|240px]]
|}

== See also ==
*[[List of lunar eclipses]]
*[[List of 20th-century lunar eclipses]]

== Notes==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{LEplot1951 link|1999|Jan|31|N}}
* [http://www.hermit.org/eclipse/gen_stats.cgi?mode=query&page=full&qtype=type&body=L&saros=114 Saros cycle 114]

{{Lunar eclipses}}
{{commons category|Lunar eclipse of 1999 January 31}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lunar eclipse 1999-01}}
[[Category:20th-century lunar eclipses|1999-01]]
[[Category:Total penumbral lunar eclipses|1999-01]]
[[Category:1999 in science]]
[[Category:January 1999]]

January 1999 lunar eclipse - Revision history

imported>BunnysBot: Fix CW Errors with GenFixes (T1), removed stub tag