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{{Short description|Penumbral lunar eclipse January 30, 1991}}
{{Infobox lunar eclipse
| type = penumbral
| image = Lunar eclipse chart close-1991Jan30.png
| caption = The Moon's hourly motion shown right to left
| date = January 30, 1991
| gamma = −1.0752
| magnitude = −0.1106
| saros_ser = 143
| saros_no = 17 of 73
| penumbral = 237 minutes, 28 seconds
| p1 = 3:59:55
| greatest = 5:58:40
| p4 = 7:57:23
| previous = August 1990
| next = June 1991
}}
A penumbral [[lunar eclipse]] occurred at the Moon’s [[Lunar node|descending node]] of orbit on Wednesday, January 30, 1991,<ref>{{cite web|title=January 29–30, 1991 Penumbral Lunar Eclipse|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/eclipse/lunar/1991-january-30|publisher=timeanddate|access-date=7 January 2025}}</ref> with an umbral [[Magnitude of eclipse|magnitude]] of −0.1106. A lunar eclipse occurs when the [[Moon]] moves into the [[Earth's shadow]], causing the Moon to be darkened. A penumbral lunar eclipse occurs when part or all of the Moon's near side passes into the Earth's penumbra. Unlike a [[solar eclipse]], which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the [[night]] side of Earth. Occurring about 1.9 days after [[Apsis|perigee]] (on January 28, 1991, at 8:35 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.<ref>{{cite web|title=Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/astronomy/moon/distance.html?year=1991&n=136|publisher=timeanddate|access-date=7 January 2025}}</ref>

This eclipse was the first of four lunar eclipses in 1991, with the others occurring on [[June 1991 lunar eclipse|June 27]] (penumbral), [[July 1991 lunar eclipse|July 26]] (penumbral), and [[December 1991 lunar eclipse|December 21]] (partial).

== Visibility ==
The eclipse was completely visible over [[North America|North]] and [[South America]], seen rising over [[northeast Asia]] and the central [[Pacific Ocean]] and setting over much of [[Africa]] and [[Europe]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Penumbral Lunar Eclipse of 1991 Jan 30|url=https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/LEplot/LEplot1951/LE1991Jan30N.pdf|publisher=NASA|access-date=7 January 2025}}</ref>

{| class=wikitable
|[[File:Lunar eclipse from moon-1991Jan30.png|300px]] [[File:Lunar eclipse chart close-1991Jan30.png|300px]]
|}

== Eclipse details ==
Shown below is a table displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. It describes various parameters pertaining to this eclipse.<ref>{{cite web|title=Penumbral Lunar Eclipse of 1991 Jan 30|url=https://eclipsewise.com/lunar/LEprime/1901-2000/LE1991Jan30Nprime.html|publisher=EclipseWise.com|access-date=7 January 2025}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable" align="{{{align|left}}}" style="margin:{{#ifeq:{{{align}}}|right|0 0 0.5em 1em|0 1em 0.5em 0}}"
|+January 30, 1991 Lunar Eclipse Parameters
! Parameter
! Value
|-
| Penumbral Magnitude
| 0.88079
|-
| Umbral Magnitude
| −0.11060
|-
| Gamma
| −1.07522
|-
| Sun Right Ascension
| 20h49m07.1s
|-
| Sun Declination
| -17°47'12.6"
|-
| Sun Semi-Diameter
| 16'14.2"
|-
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax
| 08.9"
|-
| Moon Right Ascension
| 08h47m30.0s
|-
| Moon Declination
| +16°46'53.1"
|-
| Moon Semi-Diameter
| 16'22.7"
|-
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax
| 1°00'06.5"
|-
| ΔT
| 57.6 s
|}
{{clear}}

== Eclipse season ==
{{See also|Eclipse cycle}}
This eclipse is part of an [[eclipse season]], a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a [[fortnight]].

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Eclipse season of January 1991
! [[Solar eclipse of January 15, 1991|January 15]] Ascending node (new moon) !! January 30 Descending node (full moon) 
|-
| [[File:SE1991Jan15A.png|200px]] || [[File:Lunar eclipse chart close-1991Jan30.png|200px]]
|- align=center
| [[Total eclipse#Types|Annular solar eclipse]] Solar Saros 131 || [[Lunar eclipse#Types of lunar eclipse|Penumbral lunar eclipse]] Lunar Saros 143
|}

== Related eclipses ==
=== Eclipses in 1991 ===
* [[Solar eclipse of January 15, 1991|An annular solar eclipse on January 15]].
* '''A penumbral lunar eclipse on January 30.'''
* [[June 1991 lunar eclipse|A penumbral lunar eclipse on June 27]].
* [[Solar eclipse of July 11, 1991|A total solar eclipse on July 11]].
* [[July 1991 lunar eclipse|A penumbral lunar eclipse on July 26]].
* [[December 1991 lunar eclipse|A partial lunar eclipse on December 21]].

=== Metonic ===
* Preceded by: [[April 1987 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of April 14, 1987]]
* Followed by: [[November 1994 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of November 18, 1994]]

=== Tzolkinex ===
* Preceded by: [[December 1983 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of December 20, 1983]]
* Followed by: [[March 1998 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of March 13, 1998]]

=== Half-Saros ===
* Preceded by: [[Solar eclipse of January 25, 1982]]
* Followed by: [[Solar eclipse of February 5, 2000]]

=== Tritos ===
* Preceded by: [[March 1980 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of March 1, 1980]]
* Followed by: [[December 2001 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of December 30, 2001]]

=== Lunar Saros 143 ===
* Preceded by: [[January 1973 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of January 18, 1973]]
* Followed by: [[February 2009 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of February 9, 2009]]

=== Inex ===
* Preceded by: [[February 1962 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of February 19, 1962]]
* Followed by: [[January 2020 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of January 10, 2020]]

=== Triad ===
* Preceded by: [[March 1904 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of March 31, 1904]]
* Followed by: [[November 2077 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of November 29, 2077]]

=== Lunar eclipses of 1988–1991 ===
{{Lunar eclipse set 1988-1991}}

=== Saros 143 ===
{{Lunar Saros series 143}}

=== Tritos series ===
{{Lunar Tritos series December 2001}}

=== Inex series ===
{{Lunar Inex series January 2020}}

=== Half-Saros cycle ===
A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a [[Saros (astronomy)#Relationship between lunar and solar saros .28sar.29|half saros]]).<ref>Mathematical Astronomy Morsels, Jean Meeus, p.110, Chapter 18, ''The half-saros''</ref> This lunar eclipse is related to two partial solar eclipses of [[Solar Saros 150]].

{| class=wikitable
![[Solar eclipse of January 25, 1982|January 25, 1982]]
![[Solar eclipse of February 5, 2000|February 5, 2000]]
|-
|[[File:SE1982Jan25P.png|240px]]
|[[File:SE2000Feb05P.png|240px]]
|}

== See also ==
*[[List of lunar eclipses]]
*[[List of 20th-century lunar eclipses]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{LEplot1951 link|1991|Jan|30|N}}

{{Lunar eclipses}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lunar eclipse 1991-01}}
[[Category:20th-century lunar eclipses|1991-01]]
[[Category:1991 in science]]
[[Category:January 1991]]

January 1991 lunar eclipse - Revision history

imported>BunnysBot: Fix CW Errors with GenFixes (T1), removed stub tag